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(Opening image copyright Dudarev Mikhail, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com.)
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
Lesson
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16.1:
16.2:
16.3:
16.4:
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5. Do you think that all plants have these three types of tissue? Why or why not?
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parenchymal
sclerenchymal
cell in a ower petal
prokaryotic
2. The organelle that maintains pressure against the cell wall, so that the plant cell keeps it shape, is
the
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
central vacuole.
rough endoplasmic reticulum.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
nucleus.
Golgi body.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
chloroplast.
cell wall.
dermal tissue.
ground tissue.
vascular tissue.
epidermal tissue.
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2. How do root hairs increase the surface area for water and mineral absorption?
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4. In stems, the ______ meristem is responsible for growth in length, and the _____ meristem is
primarily responsible for growth in width.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
secondary, primary
primary, secondary
node, epidermal
epidermal, node
to extend the leaf blade away from the stem so the blade can collect suicient sunlight.
to keep the leaf away from the secondary meristem of the stem.
to produce pollen.
none of the above.
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(Image courtesy of APS and under the Creative Commons license CC-BY-SA 3.0.)
Cones form on a mature sporophyte plant. Inside male cones, male spores develop into male gametophytes.
Each male gametophyte consists of several cells enclosed within a grain of pollen. Inside female cones, female
spores develop into female gametophytes. Each female gametophyte produces an egg inside an ovule.
Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from a male to female cone. If sperm then travel from the
pollen to an egg so fertilization can occur, a diploid zygote results. The zygote develops into an embryo
within a seed, which forms from the ovule inside the female cone. If the seed germinates, it may grow into
a mature sporophyte tree, which repeats the cycle.
Questions
1. In a complete sentence, dene gymnosperm.
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5. Gymnosperms are
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
eggs
sperm
female reproductive structures
ovules
stamen
pollen tube
pistil
seed
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4. How does the saguaro cactus take advantage of rare, brief rainfall?
5. How does the structure of the saguaro cactus stem benet the plant?
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conserving water.
storing water.
eiciently absorbing water when it is available.
all of the above
orchid
saguaro cactus
cattail
water lily
4. Which kind of plant is best adapted for life in the tropical rainforest?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
saguaro cactus
epiphyte
oak tree
all of the above
5. The leaves of which plant are shaped to collect and store a lot of water?
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
water lily
cattail
saguaro cactus
bromeliad
auxin.
geotropism.
phototropism.
thigmotropism.
auxin.
geotropism.
phototropism.
thigmotropism.
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