CARBON STEEL S45C/ST60/AISI

1045
BY ADMIN OCTOBER 16, 2014

S45C steel is a medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot

rolled or normalized condition. It has a tensile strength of 570
700 MPa and Brinell hardness ranging between 170 and 210.
S45C steel is characterized by good weldability, good
machinability, and high strength and impact properties in either
the normalized or hot rolled condition.
S45C steel has a low through-hardening capability with only
sections of size around 60 mm being recommended as suitable
for tempering and through-hardening. However, it can be
efficiently flame or induction hardened in the normalized or hot
rolled condition to obtain surface hardnesses in the range of Rc
54 Rc 60 based on factors such as section size, type of set up,
quenching medium used etc.
Size Availability:
Round Bar: 13-560mm
Equivalent
S45C, ST60, AISI 1045, DIN C45, CK45, CF45, CQ45,ASTM A29 ,
ASTM A510 , ASTM A519 , ASTM A576 , ASTM A682, SAE J403 ,
SAE J412 , SAE J414, EN-8 / BS 970 080M40
Composition(%)
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10

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C
0.42-0.48

Si
0.15-0.35

Mn
0.60-0.90

Ni

Cr

Mo

max

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Heat Treatment (C)

(Hardening)

820-870 (Water quenching)

(Tempering)

550-650 (Rapid cooling

Hardness
(Annealed)

(Tempered)

167-229 HB

314-28 HRC

Applications
S45C is widely used for all industrial applications requiring more
wear resistance and strength. Typical applications of S45C are as
follows:
Gears

Pins

Rams

Shafts

Rolls

Sockets

Axles

Spindles

Worms

Bolts

Ratchets

Light gears

Studs

Crankshafts

Guide rods

Connecting rods

Torsion bars

Hydraulic clamps

More Information on Fabrication and Heat Treatment:

Machining
S45C steel has good machinability in normalized as well as the
hot rolled condition. Based on the recommendations given by the
machine manufacturers, operations like tapping, milling,
broaching, drilling, turning and sawing etc. can be carried out on
S45C steel using suitable feeds, tool type and speeds.
Welding

Certain facts about welding of S45C steel are:

S45C steel is readily welded when correct procedure is

followed.

Welding S45C steel in through-hardened, tempered and

flame or induction hardened condition is not recommended.

Low hydrogen electrodes are preferred for welding S45C

steel.

The workpiece is

Pre-heated at 200C300C (392F 572F)

Maintained at the same temperature during welding

Cooled slowly using sand, ashes etc and

Stress relieved at 550C 660C (1022F 1220F).

Heat Treatment
S45C is subjected to the following processes:

Forging

Annealing

Normalizing

Stress relieving

Hardening

Tempering
Forging

Heat to 850C 1250C (1562F 2282F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Cool in furnace
Annealing

Heat to 800C 850C (1472F 1562F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Cool in furnace.
Normalizing

Heat to 870C 920C (1598F-1688F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Soak for 10 15 minutes

Cool in still air

Stress Relieving

Heat to 550C 660C (1022F 1220F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform


Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section

Cool in still air

Hardening

Heat to 820C 850C (1508F 1562F)

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Soak for 10 15 minutes per 25mm of section

Quench in water or brine

Tempering

Re-heat to 400C 650C (752F 1202F ) as required

Hold until the temperature is uniform

Soak for 1 hour per 25mm of section

Cool in still air