Typhoon ResilienT ARchiTecTuRe,

philippines natural disaster

ORIGIN

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Typhoon FoRmATion AnD DevelopmenT:

.Sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures,

atmospheric instability,
.High humidity in the lower to middle levels of the
troposphere,
.Enough Coriolis force to develop a low pressure
.center,
.A pre-existing low level focus or disturbance,
low vertical wind shear.

1
3

where?

The region referred as the Northwestern Pacific Basin, is the most active tropical
cyclone basin on Earth, accounting for almost one-third of the worlds annual tropical cyclones.
The northern Pacific Ocean is divided into three regions: the eastern, North America
to 140W (1); central,140 to 180W (2); and western 180 to 100E (3).
The Regional Specialized Meteorological Center (RSMC) for tropical cyclone forecasts is in Japan ( ), with other tropical cyclone warning centers for the northwest
Pacific in Honolulu ( ) (the Joint Typhoon Warning Center), the Philippines ( )and
Hong Kong ( ).

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ORIGIN

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Tropical Cyclone warning center Japan

Climate |
Population |
Location |

Facts |

Tropical Cyclone warning center Phillippines

Hot, humid and tropical climate | Average temperature 26.5

Close to 100 million inhabitants
A large part of the islands is located in a tectonic plate stuck
between the Eurasian plate and the Pacific - the Philippines
tectoniC plate
The country is integrated in the Pacific typhoon region and is
reached by an average of 19 typhoons a ye

Typhoon Haiyan, 11/2013

http://rcdow.org.uk/news/westminster-asked-to-respond-to-catastrophic-philippines-typhoon/

Phillippines is the place with the world higher risk to become victim of a natural disaster.

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THEORY

philippines nATuRAl
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inTRoDucTion

The Philippines, known as well as the Republic of the

Philippines, is a sovereign island country in the Southeast of Asia situated in the western Pacific Ocean.
The archipelago of more than 7,100 island with a total
land area, including inland bodies of water. Is hit by
an average of 20 typhoons or tropical storms each
year, which kills hundreds and sometimes thousands
of people.
The storms are created above the warmer waters of
the Pacific Ocean near to the equator, and the Philippines islands are often the first major land mass they
hit as they move north-west.
Some government authorities say climate change is
increasing the ferocity and frequency of the typhoons.
Haiyan is one of the strongst ever recorded in the
world.

climATe

The Philippines are well knowned for there tropical

maritime climate that is usually characterized by relatevely high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall. There are two seasons, the wet season
and the dry season base upon the amount of rainfall
that falls during the year. Between March and October,
its registered the warmest months of the year, and the
winter monsoon brings cooler air from November to
February.
There are four recognized climate types in the Philippines, and they are based on the distribution of rainfall.
They are described as:
Type I. Two pronouced seasons: dry from November to
April and wet during the rest of the year.
Type II. No dry season with a pronouced rainfall from
November to January.
Type III. Seasons are not very pronouced, relatively
dry from November to April, and wet during the rest of
the year.

Grey_Philippines Map

Type IV. Rainfall is more less evenly distributed

throughout the year.

Colour map_Climate types in the Philippines

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THEORY

philippines nATuRAl
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The Philippines sit astride the typhoon belt, and the
country suffers an annual onslaught of dangerous
storms from July through October. The most affected
areas are the northen and eastern Luzon and the Bicol
and Eastern Visagas regions, but Manila gets devastated periodically as well.
From 1948 to 2004, the Philippines Islands were affected around an average of 20 storms and/or typhoons
per year. In 1993, a record of 19 typhoons made landfall in the country making it the most in one year. The
least amount per year were 4 during the years of 1955,
1958, 1992 and 1997.
There are four types of Typhoons, according to the
wind speed.
Tropical Depressions, have maximum sustained
winds of between 55 kilometers per hour and 64 kilometers per hour ner its center.
Tropical Storms, have maximum sustained winds of
65 kilometers per hour and 119 kilometers per hour.
Typhoons, achieve maximum sustained winds of 120
kilometers per hour to 185 kilometers per hour.

Risk to Typhoons map

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ABOUT

The Typhoon in
The philippines...
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The Typhoon Yolanda Haiyan, in November 9, 2013, was the deadlist typhoon of all to
impact the Philippines over the years. 6,800 lives were lost from its storm surges and
powerful winds. Over 1,000 went missing and nearly 20,000 were injured.
The typhoon, known locally as Yolanda, displace more people than any other Philippines
natural disaster in recent decades.
The Typhoon Haiyan, is the thirtieth named storm of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season.
Haiyan started from an area of low pressure several hundred kilometers. Tracking generally westward, environmental conditions favored tropical cyclogenesis and the system
developed into a tropical depression.

Typhoon hAiyAn novembeR/2013...

POST-TYPHOON

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In the field of humanitarian architecture, post-disaster provision is more
than just supplying shelter. Its about involving communities in the places of
uncertainty and rapid change, delivering the best rebuilds that incorporate
future risk mitigation in the design.
After Typhoon Yolanda Haiyan made landfall in the Philippines, the main
efforts where to rebuilt those areas that where most devastated by the
storm, and one of the first steps is to built homes that will be more resilient
to climate-related pressures.

What to do AFTER the TYPHOON?

What happened?
.meteorological phenomenon
.thunderstorms
.rains, landfalls
.wind, pressure
.tropical cyclone
.storm
.coastal areas - waves - floods
.climate change
.physical and natural destruction
.death

What do we NEED?
.INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR - TRANSPORT, ELECTRICITY, WATER SUPPLIES
AND SANITATION
.ECONOMIC SECTOR - AGRICULTURE,
LIVESTOCK, FISHERIES, FOOD SECURITY, TRADE, INDUSTRY, SERVICES
.SOCIAL SECTOR - EDUCATION,
HEALTH AND NUTRITION, HOUSING
AND SHELTER

.Tarpaulins for emergency shelter

.Water purification systems to areas
where drinking water is necessary

How to REBUILD?
.Safe and dignified shelter is a basic
human right and in a post-disaster
scenario its more than just putting
a new roof over peoples heads and
providing emergency shelter. Its
about fit-out-purpose rebuilds thar
address the local culture, environment and economy.
.Housing must improve on what went
before and incorporate future risk
mitigation in the design.

What are the MAIN obstacules?

. Damaged roads
.Fallen trees and debris interfering
with the communication systems

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POST-TYPHOON

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The Storms Path map
CHINA

Typhoon Haiyan tore

through the Philippines at
record wind speeds before
losing power and heading
northest.

Guangxi
Hanoi

MYANMAR

Hong Kong

Hue
THAILAND

Path of
Typhoon Haiyan

1.

AIRPORT
Tacloban airport is was
devastated. What remained of the airport
was the runway.

Pacific Ocean
Manila

CAMBODIA

Tacloban,
Palo

VIETNAM
South China Sea

BEFORE and AFTER

2.

1. DOWNTOWN
People lined up for supplies in a
downtown plaza, where debris
from surronding buildings littered
the streets
2. DEVASTATED COASTLINE
Buildings near the fish port were
leveled by the storm surge which
sent water over half a mile inland in some places. Homes all
along the coast were completely
destroyed. About one third of the
homes in the city have wooden exterior walls, and one in seven have
grass roofs.

FLOODED AREAS
Neighborhoods south
of the citys downtown
were inundated with
water.

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YPHOME
eam

arch. carla pereira

arch. maitane pi
arch. rita borges
desgr giovanna belmont