USES AND APPLICATIONS

Iron is a strong metal that is not that expensive thats why it is

commonly used in manufacturing machine tools, automobiles, hulls of large
ships, machine parts, and even building parts. Iron is also common in many
different tools, surgical equipment, and appliances.
Stainless steel is a common type of steel used in a host of different
products. It is created when iron is combined with other metals. It is 100%
recyclable and is used in aircrafts and automobiles. The use of stainless steel
and iron in this form makes everything in our world today working perfectly
fine.
Iron chloride is an important compound that is used in treating sewage
systems. It is also used as dye for cloth. It is also used as a coloring agent for
paints. It is also used as an additive in animal feed. It is also used in
manufacturing printed circuit boards. Iron sulfate, another iron compound, is
also useful in many ways. It is used to treat anemia or iron deficiency. It is
also used in treating sewage particles in water tanks. Iron hydroxide is a
compound that runs water purification systems employed in our kitchen
sinks. There is also iron arsenate, another important compound, which can
be found in insecticides. This makes for a very significant use in gardens of
all forms. In such a form, it help prevents different types of pest attacks in
plants.
Iron is pretty common in our new world. It can be found everywhere. It
is not only included in the makeup of different transport options. It is also
included in many different products, items, and things that run our modern
world. The reason iron is used in many ways is because it has properties that
can be changed according to the need of mankind by mixing it with other
substances either metallic or nonmetallic.
There are many different types of steels available today. Each type is
made with iron combined with different elements including carbon, silicon,
and nickel among others. Steel is an important component in every
structure, in every type of construction. Thats why everywhere you go,
everywhere you look, you will find iron at work. Buildings, bridges,
skyscrapers, and other types of construction would not be complete if it does
not include iron in its framework. Thats the same thing with automobiles,
aircrafts, ships, heavy carriers, and heavy machineries.
The statement iron is everywhere is true. It is not an understatement.
It is a fact that you can find iron or a form of it, wherever you may be. Some
may not be visible to the naked eye but still exists. Iron is highly preferred

due to the fact that it is cheap and that it is abundantly available in our
surroundings.
Iron is also useful at home. It can be found in the kitchen, in your living
room, in your bathroom in every part of your home and in many products
or items that run it. Iron has a high resistance to rust formation. It also can
be molded easily to create many forms. Thats why it is used in many
products that you often see around the house.
Wrought iron, for example, is used in outdoor items that can beautify
the yard and the patio. There are iron fences, arbors, trellis, and even the
most decorative iron furniture can be made of iron. Cast iron is an important
form that is used in manufacturing pots, pans, skillets, ovens, and trays. Cast
iron has a heating element that is most appropriate for cookware, cooking
items, and accessories. Stainless steel, meanwhile, is used in kitchen cutlery,
appliances, and cookware.
STEEL
Steel applications can be divided into five sectors: construction,
transport, energy, packaging, appliances and industry.
The majority of steel goes to the construction industry. Sustainable
steel structures can be built quickly at a low price. Steel, in its various forms
and alloys, can be designed to meet the requirements of unique projects,
which allow it to be incorporated into infrastructure in all environments.
Depending on the conditions that the structure is exposed to, steel can be
alloyed or surface treated differently for protection.
The development of efficient steel production techniques at the end of
the 20th century contributed to the growth of railways around the world as
well as the advent of the high-rise building. Many famous historical
structures, such as Empire State Building, contain steel as a primary
construction material. Steel can also be found in: low and high-rise buildings,
education and hospital buildings, sports stadiums, stations, reinforced
concrete, bridge deck plates, piers and suspension cables, harbors, cladding
and roofing, offices, tunnels, security fencing and in coastal and flood
defenses.
Engineering steels are wrought steels that are designed to have certain
specific levels of elasticity, strength, and ductility and corrosion resistance.
They are used in the general engineering and manufacturing sectors, but the
bulk goes to transport vehicles.

Steel accounts for over 50% the weight of an average car. Advanced highstrength steels (AHSS) are used in vehicles; it is a lightweight material that
requires less energy to produce and reduces CO2 emissions.
Different types of steel are used for the car body, doors, engine, gearbox,
steering, suspension, wheel axles and interior.
Besides the automotive market, steel is found in transport materials such as:
trucks, transmissions, trains, anchor chains, aircraft undercarriages and in jet
engines components.
All segments of the energy sector, including nuclear, wind power,
electric and natural gas, demand steel for infrastructure. Steel is also used
for resource extraction, such as in offshore platforms, earth-moving and
quarrying equipment, cranes and fork-lifts. Due to the demanding
environments, carbon, micro-alloyed, high strength and stainless steels are
all used in the production of offshore platforms and pipelines.
In addition to these, many other energy projects rely on large amounts
of steel: oil and gas wells and platforms, pipelines, electricity power turbine
components, electricity pylons, wind turbines, transmission towers,
electromagnets, transformer cores and in electromagnetic shields
Steel packaging protects goods from water, air and light exposure, and
is fully recyclable. This method of storage has been around for over 200
years. Steel allows for high-speed filling and lightweight, easy to open
packaging. Packaging steels are often made from low- carbon cold-rolled
steel strip and are surface finished. The steel is tin plated to prevent
corrosion and then coated with polymer, lacquered and printed. The majority
of steel packaging goes towards food and beverage container, followed by
general line, aerosols, and closures (e.g. bottle caps).
About 75% of the weight of typical household appliances comes from
steel. Steel is found in appliances like fridges, washing machines, ovens,
microwaves, sinks, cutlery etc. Steel also accounts of many industry goods
like farm vehicles and machinery, storage tanks, tools, structures, walkways,
protective equipment.
There are two main kinds of Steels: plain carbon steels and alloy
steels. Plain carbon steels are divided into three main groups: low- carbon
steel (also known as mild steel), medium- carbon steel and high- carbon
steel. There are many kinds of alloy steels. The properties of each depend on
the other elements that are added to the steel.
STEEL

Low- carbon steel by weight contains 0.50% to 0.30% carbon. Low- carbon
steel is made in the basic oxygen and open- hearth furnaces. Low- carbon
steel is used for forge work, rivets, chains, and machine parts that do not
need great strength. It is also used for almost every product that was once
made of wrought iron.
Medium- carbon steel has more carbon and is stronger than lowcarbon steel. It is also more difficult to bend, weld, and cut than low-carbon
steel. It contains 0.30-0.60% carbon. Medium carbon steel is used for bolts,
shafts, car axles, rails, and other parts or tools that require strong metal.
High- carbon steel, also known as carbon tool steel, contains between .
60-1.50% carbon. The best grades of this steel are made in electric furnaces.
High- carbon steel is called tool steel because it is used to make such tools
as drills, taps, dies, reamers, files, cold chisel, crowbars
OYS
Alloys are made by combining steels with one or more other elements. These
elements are usually metals. They are intentionally added to obtain
properties that are not found in plain carbon steels. There are three classes
of alloy steels: constructional alloy steels, alloy tool steels, and special alloy
steels.
Constructional alloy steels are used for such parts as shafts, gears,
levers, bolts, springs, piston pins, and connecting rods. This group of alloys
also includes steels used in the construction of bridges, auto frames,
railroads, buildings, and ships. The constructional alloy steels have relatively
low alloy content as compared to alloy tool steels. Total alloy content of
these steels ranges from 0.25% to about 6%.
Alloy tool steels are used in making cutting and forming tools. They are
used for high-quality drills, reamers, milling cutters, threading tools,
punches, plastics molds, punch press tooling, and wrenches. Most alloy tool
steels must be hardened in oil or air. Therefore, they are often referred to as
oil- hardened or air- hardened tool-steels. Generally, they harden more
deeply than plain carbon tool steels and are more shock-resistant. The total
alloy content of alloy tool steels ranges from 0.25% to over 38%.
Special alloy steels are designed for extreme service requirements.
They include steels with very high heat, corrosion, or wear resistance.
Included also are steel that get tougher and harder with use such as those
needed for power shovel teeth, tractor lugs, and rock crusher jaws.
Sources:
The World Steel Association.
http://www.steeluniversity.orgd\
The American Iron and Steel Institute. Steelworks: the Online Resource for
Steel.
http://www.steel.org

What is steel use for? By: Terence Bell

http://metals.about.com/od/properties/a/Steel-Applications.htm
http://www.eng.utoledo.edu/~tschrede/met1110/Unit%206.pdf