Sunteți pe pagina 1din 28

LTE Introduction, Introduction to EPS & EPS Network

Architecture

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology tree that previously realized
the GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSDPA network technologies that now account for over
85% of all mobile subscribers. LTE will ensure 3GPPs competitive edge over other
cellular technologies.
Goals include :
Significantly increase peak data rates, scaled linearly according to spectrum
allocation
improving spectral efficiency
lowering costs
improving services
making use of new spectrum opportunities
Improved quality of service
better integration with other open standards

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
Peak data rate

Goal: significantly increased peak data rates, scaled linearly according to


spectrum allocation

Targets:Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz


downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink
spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
Spectrum issues

Spectrum flexibility
E-UTRA to operate in 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MH allocationshence
allowing different possibilities for re-framing already in use spectrum
- uplink and downlink
- paired and unpaired

Co-existence
- with GERAN/3G on adjacent channels
- with other operators on adjacent channels
- with overlapping or adjacent spectrum at country borders
- Handover with UTRAN and GERAN
- Handover with non 3GPP Technologies (CDMA 2000, WiFi, WiMAX)

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
LTE Requirements

Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with OFDMA, UL 50Mbps with SC-FDMA

Latency for Control-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms

Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP

Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz

200 users per cell in active state

Supports MBMS multimedia services

Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology

Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120-350 km/h

No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN

Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
3GPP Evolution

Release 99 (2000): UMTS/WCDMA

Release 5 (2002) : HSDPA

Release 6 (2005) : HSUPA, MBMS(Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services)

Release 7 (2007) : DL MIMO, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), optimized real-time


services (VoIP, gaming, push-to-talk).

Release 8(2009?) :LTE (Long Term Evolution)

Long Term Evolution (LTE)

3GPP work on the Evolution of the 3G Mobile System started in November 2004.

Currently, standardization in progress in the form of Rel-8.

Specifications scheduled to be finalized by the end of mid 2008.

Target deployment in 2010.


Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
Evolution of Radio Access Technologies

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
Key Features of LTE
Multiple access scheme

Downlink: OFDMA

Uplink: Single Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA)

Adaptive modulation and coding

DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM

Rel-6 Turbo code: Coding rate of 1/3, two 8-state constituent encoders, and a
contention- free internal inter leaver.

Bandwidth scalability for efficient operation in differently sized allocated spectrum


bands

Possible support for operating as single frequency network (SFN) to support MBMS

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

LTE Introduction
Key Features of LTE

Multiple Antenna (MIMO) technology for enhanced data rate and performance.

ARQ within RLC sub layer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sub layer.

Power control and link adaptation

Implicit support for interference coordination

Support for both FDD and TDD

Channel dependent scheduling & link adaptation for enhanced performance.

Reduced radio-access-network nodes to reduce cost , protocol-related processing


time & call setup time.

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

Evolved Packet System (EPS) Introduction

LTE has been designed to support only packet switched services, in contrast to the
circuit-switched model of previous cellular systems.
LTE aims to provide seamless Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity between User
Equipment (UE) and the Packet Data Network (PDN), without any disruption to the
end users applications during mobility.
The term LTE encompasses the evolution of the radio access through the EvolvedUTRAN(E-UTRAN), it is accompanied by an evolution of the non- radio aspects
under the term System Architecture Evolution (SAE) which includes the Evolved
Packet Core (EPC) network. Together LTE and SAE comprise the Evolved Packet
System (EPS).
EPS = EPC + E-UTRAN

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

Evolved Packet System (EPS) Network Architecture

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

Evolved Packet System (EPS) Network Architecture


GERAN

GB
GPRS Core

UTRAN

Iu

SGSN

S4

Rx+
S6

S7

S3

Operators
IP Services
(e.g. IMS, PSS,
etc,)

IASA
eNB
eNB
eNB
Evolved RAN (LTE)

eNB
S1

MME
UPE
S5a

3GPP
anchor
S5b

EPC (SAE)
Trusted non 3GPP
IP Access

SAE
S2b
anchor
S2a

SGi

EPDG

WLAN 3GPP
IP Access

WLAN
Access Network

EPS uses the concept of EPS bearers to route IP traffic from a gateway in the PDN to the UE.
A bearer is an IP packet flow with a defined Quality of Service (QoS) between the gateway and
the UE.
The E-UTRAN and EPC together set up and release bearers as required by applications.

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

Evolved Packet System (EPS) Network Architecture


System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
System Architecture Evolution (SAE) is the core network architecture of 3GPP's future
LTE wireless communication standard.
SAE is the evolution of the GPRS Core Network, with some differences.
The main principles and objectives of the LTE-SAE architecture include :

A common anchor point and gateway (GW) node for all access technologies

IP-based protocols on all interfaces;

Simplified network architecture

All IP network

All services are via Packet Switched domain

Support mobility between heterogeneous RATs, including legacy systems as GPRS,


but also non-3GPP systems (say WiMAX)

Support for multiple, heterogeneous RATs, including legacy systems as GPRS, but
also non-3GPP systems (say WiMAX)

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

Evolved Packet Core(EPC)

MME (Mobility Management Entity):

Manages and stores the UE control plane context, generates temporary Id, provides
UE authentication, authorization, mobility management

UPE (User Plane Entity):

Manages and stores UE context, ciphering, mobility anchor, packet routing and
forwarding, initiation of paging

3GPP anchor:

Mobility anchor between 2G/3G and LTE

SAE anchor:

-Mobility anchor between 3GPP and non 3GPP (I-WLAN, etc)


Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes

MME(Mobility management entity).

S-GW(Serving gateway).

P-GW( packet data network gateway).

HSS(Home subscriber server ).

PCRF(policy & charging resource or rules function).

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes


Mobility management entity(MME)

It handles signalling functionality, it manages mobility.

MME tracks & maintains the current location of UEs.This allows MME to page a
mobile.

It is also involved in MME selection for inter MME handovers,S10 interface


between MMES provides MME relocation & MME to MME information transfer.

MME selects SGSN & Performs inter CN nodes signalling for inter 3GPP handovers

MME manages UE identities & security related parameters

It also plays a vital role in user authentication & for that it consults HSS on S6a
interface which enables transfer of subscription & authentication data to MME

Based on subscription data MME selects PDN GW & then SGW & finally
establishes a bearer between UE & PDN-GW.

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes


Serving Gateway(S-GW)

It is basically define to handle user data functionality & is involved in routing &
forwarding of data packet to P-GW via S5.

S5 interface can be GTP based or PMIP based & is also used for S-GW relocation
due to UE mobility.

S-GW is connected to eNB via S1-U interface which provides user plane tunneling
& inter-eNB handovers.

S-GW performs mobility anchoring for Inter-3GPP mobility on S4 interface which


connects S-GW & 2.5/3G SGSN.

S-GW is also responsible for Lawful Interception,accouting on user.

A many-to-many S1 interface provided between the eNBs & MME/S-GW supports


redundancy/load sharing of network nodes.

Load sharing of MMEs enables mobility of aUE with in a geographical area without
changing the MME.

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes


Packet data network gateway(P-GW)

The PDN Gateway is the node that connects the UE to external PDNS & as the
UEs default router.

A UE may be connected to multiple PDNs through one or more PDN Gateway.

A PDN-GW is responsible for anchoring the user plane mobility within the
LTE/EPC network as well as for inter-RAT handovers.

A PDN-GW function as a mobile IP Home Agent(HA)when interworking between


LTE & non-3GPP access network such as EVDO & WIMAX.

The PDN Gateway may be responsible for the allocation of an IP address to the UE
during default EPS bearer setup. Packet filtering of user traffic may be implemented
at P-GW in support of QOS differentiation between multiple IP flows.

The S7 interface provides transfer of(QOS)policy & charging rules from the
policy(PCRF) to P-GW.The policy rules indicate whether the P-GW Should grant
resource reservation request & if it is allowed to process packets for given IP flow

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes


Home subscriber server (HSS)

HSS is a user data base that stores subscription related information to support other
call control & session management entities.

It is storehouse for user identification, numbering & service profile. It is mainly


involved in user authentication & authorization.

During registration MME talks to HSS via S6a interface for user authentication &
ciphering. The HSS generates security information for mutual authentication,
integrity check& ciphering & can also provide information about the user physical
location.

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPC Key Nodes


Policy & Charging Rule Function

The

PCRF functionalities include policy control decision & flow based charging
control.PCRF is the main QOS control entity in the network.

It is responsible for building the policy rules that will apply to user services &
passing the rules to the PDN-GW via S7 interface.

The PCRF may use the subscription information as basic for the policy & charging
control decision.

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

E-UTRAN Architecture

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

E-UTRAN
The evolved UTRAN (eUTRAN) architecture consist of eNBs(evolved Node Bs).
Functions of eNodeB :

Terminates RRC, RLC and MAC protocols and takes care of Radio Resource
Management functions :
-Controls radio bearers
-Controls radio admissions
-Controls mobility connections
-Allocates radio resources dynamically (scheduling)
-Receives measurement reports from UE

Selects MME at UE attachment

Schedules and transmits paging messages coming from MME

Schedules and transmits broadcast information coming from MME & O&M

Decides measurement report configuration for mobility and scheduling

Does IP header compression and encryption of user data streams


Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

E-UTRAN

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

E-UTRAN

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

EPS Bearer service and NAS Signalling Connection

Copyright Nex-G | Skills , NESPL

S-ar putea să vă placă și