Documente Academic
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Documente Cultură
SEGI University
Experiment: Air Conditioning Module
Candidates Name: M Asfand Yar
1.0 Abstract:
The primary objective of this experiment is to study the principle capacities and working
standards of an air conditioning system. The experiment determines, what effects the progression
in temperature and dampness have on the viability of the system. There are 4 basic process
carried out within an air-condition system namely heating, cooling, humidifying and
dehumidifying process. The temperature and humidity for inlet and outlet for all these processes
were recorded and the results were used for comparison between theoretical and experimental
data. The changes in the state of air caused by these process is plotted using the psychometric
charts. The heating power, cooling power and enthalpy is then calculated.
2.0 Introduction:
The basic job of an air conditioner is to move heat from inside your home to the outside, thereby
cooling you and your home. Air conditioners blow cool air into your home by pulling the heat
out of that air. This heat is removed in many different stages. There are four basic processes in
an air conditioning unit. Heating, cooling, humidifying and dehumidifying.
4. Refrigerant
Compressor function is to circulate refrigerant through outdoor unit and converts the same from
gas to liquid. The liquid is then forced through the indoor evaporator coil or cooling
compartment.
The indoor units fan circulates the inside air to pass across the evaporator fins. The evaporators
metal fins exchange the thermal energy with the air around it. In Evaporator the refrigerant turns
from liquid into vapor, removing any heat from the surrounding air. That heated air is removed
from house/shop is replaced with cooled air. From that point, the condenser or outdoor unit then
turns the refrigerant vapor back into a liquid, removing any heat. By the time the fluid leaves the
evaporator again, it is a cool, low-pressure gas, eventually returning to the condenser to begin its
trip all over again. This process continues again and again until your home reaches the cooling
temperature you want, as programmed and sensed by your thermostat setting.
There are two types of graphs we use in air conditioning calculation
1) psychometric chart for air
2) pressure enthalpy chart for refrigerant
Psychometric charts are used for calculating values of relative humidity, absolute humidity and
dew point from pyschrometer readings
1) The air conditioner unit was installed to the base condensing unit and the quick coupling was
connected to the refrigerator supply and return lines
2) The inclined manometer was connected to the pitot tube located near the orifice using the
flexible tube provided
3) The power supply wires of the air conditioning unit were connected to the base condensing
unit.
4) The power supply switch was turned on.
5) The main power switch on the base condensing unit was switched on.
6) The temperature set point of the pre-heater and re-heater was checked that they are set to
150C.
7) The experiment was ready to carry on.
E) Temperature sensor/transmitter
Temperature sensor/transmitter type RTD with a range of 0-100C and an output range of 420mA is used.
F) Humidifier:
Heater type steam generator with axial fan is used.
G) Inclined Manometer:
Inclined Manometer with a range of 0 to 1 WC is used.
H) Combined Temperature and Humidity Sensor
A range of 0 to 50C and 5% to 95% RH, with an output range of 0-10V is used.
I) Orifice
The orifice has a diameter of 40mm. Pitot tube is used to calculate the velocity of the orifice as
follow:
V=0.598
4.2 Overall Dimensions
Height: 0.60 m
Width: 1.00 m
Length: 0.35 m
5.0 Results:
Differential Pressure Reading: 370Pa
Experiment 1: Heating Process
Temperature ( )
Inlet
Outlet
Inlet
Outlet
AT1
AT2
AH1
AH2
25.7
28.0
49.6
42.9
Table 1.0
Relative
Humidity (%)
Inlet
AT1
26.4
Outlet
AT2
14.1
Inlet
AH1
41
Outlet
AH2
84.2
Refrigerant Temperature ( )
Pressure
(kgf/cm2)
TT1
11.8
TT2
36.0
Table 2.0
TT3
36.6
TT4
9.3
P1
9
P2
2.6
Temperature ( )
Inlet
AT1
25.3
Outlet
AT2
30.3
Inlet
AH1
40.9
Outlet
AH2
34.3
Table 3.0
Relative
Humidity (%)
AT1
26.2
AT2
13.2
AH1
40.9
AH2
88.0
Refrigerant Temperature ( )
Pressure
(kgf/cm2)
TT1
TT2
26.2
13.2
Table 4.0
TT3
40.9
TT4
88.0
P1
9.25
P2
2.60
Relative
Humidity (%)
AT1
26.0
AT2
22.4
AH1
39.5
AH2
22.4
Refrigerant Temperature ( )
Pressure
(kgf/cm2)
TT1
10.6
TT2
35.2
Table 5.0
Calculations:
Unit Conversion:
Converting temperature unit C to K:
For example, (26C +273) K = 299K
10
TT3
36.8
TT4
9.0
P1
8.50
P2
2.30
= 0.598
2 P
2(370 kg /m2 s)
1.2 kg/m3
= 14.7m/s
To calculate the cross sectional area of orifice,
2
Area, A= r
2
= X (0.04 m/2)
= 1.2566X 10-3m2
To calculate mass flow rate of air,
Mass flow rate , m=V A
1.2kg/m3 X 14.7m/s X 1.2566X 10-3m2
= 0.02262kg/s
Experiment 1: Heating Process
To calculate heat transferred to the air,
m(h
2h1 )
Q=
m
( h1 h2 )
=1.21
0.2601
12
m
( h1 h2 ) 0.02262( 44.530)
=
=2.64
0.1241 kW
0.1241
98
6.0 Discussions:
Starting off with the heating process, the readings show that the inlet temperature is less
compared to the outlet temperature while its opposite for the humidity which is less at the outlet
compared to the inlet. Now in theory temperature shouldnt have any effect on the absolute
humidity but the absolute humidity increases here, which may result from the fault in the sensors
for reading. In the experiment both the enthalpy and pressure increases while relative humidity
decreases as it is the ratio between the vapors in atmosphere compared to the saturation amount.
In the cooling process both the temperature and enthalpy decreases while relative humidity
increases rapidly. Absolute humidity remains constant here. So in contrast cooling process has
the total opposite readings compared to the heating process. The relative humidity increases due
to the difference degree of saturation. So lower the temperature, lower the amount of humidity
absorbed.
In the humidifying process, the temperature and enthalpy rises while the relative humidity
decreases. The absolute humidity increases by an insignificant amount of 0.0001 from 0.009 to
0.0091.Now in theory the relative humidity should be increasing during the humidifying process
but its decreases which can be put down to experimental error or maybe a cause of malfunction
in the humidifier.
In the dehumidifying process, the temperature and enthalpy decreases while the relative humidity
increases, and the absolute humidity decreases.
The results would be more accurate if the experiment had been repeated. The values would have
been more accurate. Along with repetition shutting down of the conditioning unit for at least 15
min before conducting the next process would result in much more accurate readings but this
action could not be completed due to the time constraints.
7.0 Conclusion:
13
From the experiment, we can conclude as the temperature and enthalpy increases, the relative
humidity decreases. The graph plotted on the psychrometric chart and experimental data support
the conclusion. The result also prove that it is the complete opposite, as to when temperature and
enthalpy decreases, the relative humidity increases. The absolute humidity should remain
constant for heating and cooling process but that was not the case in the heating process that
might be a result of a fault in sensors. For the humidifier the absolute and relative humidity
should increase with increase in temperature but that didnt happen for the latter ,which can be
put down to experimental error. For dehumidifier its the opposite of humidifier.
8.0 References:
14