E- Business

SUBMITTED BY:

SuLabh Sharma (08PG347)

Section: A (Finance)
 GREEN HOMES

Introduction:

Global warming is affecting all of us, extinction of species, weather changes, changes in
soil texture etc are just some of the problems of global warming. The main cause of
global warming is the release of carbon and nitrogen compound in the atmosphere which
obstructs the sun’s rays from moving out of our atmosphere. The main source of these
pollutants is from exhaust of vehicles and factories. Thus we thought of concentrating on
technologies which are more environmental friendly and their application.

Solar Energy:

The phrase "solar revolution" has been spoken about extensively for the last 20
years -- the idea that one day we will all use free electricity from the sun. This is a
seductive promise: On a bright, sunny day, the sun shines approximately 1,000
watts of energy per square meter of the planet's surface, and if we could collect all
of that energy we could easily power our homes and offices for free.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are made of special materials called semiconductors such
as silicon, which is currently the most commonly used. Basically, when light
strikes the cell, a certain portion of it is absorbed within the semiconductor
material. This means that the energy of the absorbed light is transferred to the
semiconductor. The energy knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely.
PV cells also all have one or more electric fields that act to force electrons freed by
light absorption to flow in a certain direction. This flow of electrons is a current,
and by placing metal contacts on the top and bottom of the PV cell, we can draw
that current off to use externally. For example, the current can power a calculator.
This current, together with the cell's voltage (which is a result of its built-in electric
field or fields), defines the power (or wattage) that the solar cell can produce.

A solar house is any house that makes good use of the suns energy. It's a solar energy fact
that an ordinary house becomes a solar house when it gains more energy than it loses. Do
you think the addition of skylights and large picture windows facing south make an
ordinary house into a solar house? If these additions add a net heating value to a house
that might be so, but if they lose more heat than they gain that will not be the case.
Passive Solar greenhouse additions can transform ordinary houses into solar houses, but
these additions are best suited for arid sunny areas. Active solar, hydronic systems are
best suited for cold climates where sunlight is minimal and extended heat storage is
critical.

Futuristic Transportation

Electricity Powered Vehicles :-

CADILLAC CONVERJ FROM GENERAL MOTORS

General Motors revealed their electric car called “Cadillac Converj”. The Cadillac
Converj has a capability to run up to 40 miles on a single charge without using a drop of
fuel. However, if required, a small gas engine will power the electric motor in order to
extend the range up to 400 miles. This elegant and sleek car is base upon the Volt
platform.

VOLKSWAGEN EGO
Volkswagen has designed the Volkswagen Ego to offer a quick look into the future. Ego
is a two-seater sports car, and has a futuristic and elegant yet simple body shape.
Volkswagen had envisioned the Ego concept as a car of all-electric power source that
uses high-performance batteries which is charged by a fuel cell, wherein hydrogen and
oxygen reacts to generate electricity. The only emission of this car is water which made it
eco-friendly. The Ego’s inner design is highly sophisticated and elegant. It has an
environment recognition system that can detect and warn of upcoming hazards.

MERCEDES BLUE - ZERO E-CELL CONCEPT CAR

Mercedes Benz will present an eco-friendly car called the Blue-Zero E-Cell. Lithium ion
batteries will exclusively power the car and the engine powers the battery during the drive
but can also move the wheels directly when needed. However, without the fuel’s
assistance, the E-Cell’s li-ion packs able to run the vehicle for 200 kilometers or 124
miles on their own. However, with a full charged batteries and full tank at the same time
using regenerative braking, the E-Cell Plus can go 600 kilometers or 373 miles.
PHOENIX VEHICLE DESIGN WITH CENTRAL KINETIC AXIS

The new Phoenix concept is car designed by Sergio Loureiro, a Royal College of Art
student in London. It is a sports car which runs on electricity with the overall concept
being of reducing energy consumption. This is achieved as the vehicle adopts the
alternate energy regeneration system inspired by technology used in dance floors. This
car has a central kinetic axis which with the movement of the vehicle generates power.
The car is a complete beauty not just design wise but in motion as it puts to use the
kinetic laws of physics for its basic functioning.
ECO TRANSPORTATION :-

NTF 2010 - Clean transportation concept for Chinese urban

cities
Eco Factor: Concept bus designed to run on hydrogen and electricity.

The increase in population means more need for transportation mediums, and that will
result in a large number of cars and extra energy consumption. With the largest
population, China is the most worried country about the increasing need for energy
sources. Along with emission problem, the traffic problem will make it more complex to
deal with urban conditions. Therefore, Chinese cities are looking for some clean and high
efficiency transportation mediums. The natural transportation force (NTF) concept bus
design provides a solution to the above problems.

ORIENS GLIDER - ENERGY EFFICIENT GLIDER

The aviation group created an eco-friendly plane called the Oriens Glider - an energy-
efficient glider. Designed by Roland Cernat, it is completely made of recyclable
materials. It runs on clean energy and has a contemporary translucent shell finished with
shiny organic contours. The eco-friendly materials of the Oriens Glider include a
lightweight flax bio-compound that is CO2 neutral and recyclable that is used for its
frame. The glider’s transparent body is made of recyclable polycarbonate. Its wings are
crested with photovoltaic cells that causes for an emission-free flight.
Solar Energy Powered Vehicles :-
FUTURE FRENCH SOLAR POWERED CAR CONCEPT 2030

The 2030 car is a four-seater solar powered car with green windows for more visibility
and sleek sliding doors. It also has a cylindrical add-on that can be fixed to the rear
of the vehicle for extra seating to accommodate more. The 2030 car’s design is
extremely futuristic.
PEUGEOT SHOO CAR CONCEPT with SOLAR PANEL ROOF

This car is all about solar glow and is designed in a triangle shape with solar roof that
enable it to take energy from sun and later transform to run its electrical engine. Its sleek
shape and floating parts are going to give enough space on the roads to breath. The solar
panel roof somehow makes this car have a futuristic look.

The car is designed in a stable triangle shape to give it plenty of design and a lot of space
as well. It has a solar roof enabling energy of the sun to be capture and transformed to run
its electrical engine. The car is not only a zero-emission vehicle but even the power for its
electric engine is from alternate sources making it truly and completely eco-friendly.
While the car can tango on its pretty awesome suspension, it amalgamates the features of
ergonomic design with clean power to deliver big time.
HY–BIRD SOLAR HYDROGEN PLANE

This plane by Lisa planes is a light weight model made of light carbon fibers. Its main
power source is lithium-polymer batteries. The total weight of the plane is just 1.1 tons.
This plane is expected to be ready and move around all over the world by next year.

Coming to the structure of the plane, it has 20 meter long wings accompanied by solar
photovoltaic which will contribute 10 % towards of the source energy. It’s stylish and eco
friendly and has everything to give you a luxurious ride. The long wings are not just to
make it stylish but also they provide as an energy source to the plane.
Electricity & Solar Powered Vehicles :-
NISSAN NUVU

Nissan Nuvu is a next generation concept car from Nissan with rear-mounted electric
motor and lithium ion battery pack. The design of this concept car is quite unusual and
small. For city use, the Nuvu’s performance is more than adequate. Across the all-glass
roof are a dozen of small solar panels. Basically, natural, organic and recycled materials
are used to make its cabin. The steering of the car is very direct for quickness and
manoeuvrability in the city. No one will have any problem in crowded roads and limited
parking slots with this tomorrow’s city car.

Nuvu is agile, easy to drive, even easier to park. And it is an electric vehicle (EV).

Nuvu incorporates a witty representation of its green credentials: across its all-glass roof
are a dozen or so small solar panels. Shaped like leaves on a branch, the power they
generate is fed to the battery using a ‘tree trunk’ within the car as a conduit. Nuvu also
uses natural, organic and recycled materials within the cabin.

Built on a unique platform, it’s just 3 metres long and sits on a wheelbase of 1980 mm
but is 1700 mm wide and 1550 mm tall to create a large and airy cabin. Nuvu has two
regular seats and a third occasional chair that can be folded down when required. But,
unlike some two-seater city cars currently on the market, it is a thoroughly practical
proposition with an integral luggage area providing sufficient space for a typical
supermarket or shopping expedition.
Many of the materials used inside Nuvu reflect an increasing concern for the
environment. The floor is made from wood fibres pressed into laminate sheets and is
studded with rubber inserts made from recycled tyres for grip.

The most unusual feature of the interior is the ‘energy tree’ which rises from the luggage
compartment floor to the roof behind the driver’s seat. The energy tree is shaped like a
thin trunk. As it reaches daylight it branches out under the glass roof providing occupants
with protection from bright sunlight… just like a real tree. And providing a visual
reminder of Nuvu’s green credentials, covering the branches are dozens of small solar
panels shaped like leaves.

The panels absorb energy from the sun which is then fed back down the energy tree and
used to help recharge the battery and provide an extra power boost for the electric motor.
As well as being genuinely green energy, it is estimated that the power generated via the
solar panels will save the equivalent of one full overnight charge from mains electricity
each month.

Saving energy was the guiding force behind the use of low-energy LED head and tail
lamps, while Nuvu’s heating and ventilation system filters and cleans the city air as it
passes through the vehicle. Not only does it produce no emissions at source, but Nuvu
actually helps clean up the city environment.

Two screens on the dashboard display the view behind the car – there are no door mirrors
to disturb the airflow, but small cameras – and double as monitors for the Around View
Camera which give a bird’s eye view of the car when manoeuvring or parking.
WESTFALIA VERDIER SOLAR POWERED HYBRID BUS

This modern hippie bus concept harnesses the power Green energy, German engineering,
and the latest technology to create a self-sufficient mobile dream machine. The
Westfalia Verdier will run on a 200 hp fuel+electric hybrid engine and it arsenal of
gadgets will be powered by the roof-top solar panel when stationary.

The Verdia features:

• A system of intelligent solar panels called ” SUN TRACKER “. This system

makes it possible to provide electricity to the on-board accessories while the
vehicle is in a stationary position. An on-board computer and a GPS (Global
Positioning System) calculate the optimal position for the SUN TRACKER.
• A pneumatic suspension, which lowers the vehicle and sets its structure on the
tires for improved comfort and a better stabilization in a stationary position.
• A multi-media computer with a wireless Internet connection is also useful where
the communication technology is available…
o Weather optimized travel plan - following the sun
o Historical and ecological comments during the trip
o Directory of campground
o Interlink system that allows getting and leaving information, pictures,
video and recommendations for other VERDIER’s users
o Energy consumption dashboard (Optional Child-friendly interface:
Education and learning about wise energy consumption)
• The passenger seat is transformed mechanically into stairs, so that the second
stage area can be easily reached from inside.
• The sliding half-door on the passenger side has an integrated folding staircase,
which makes the second stage area accessible from outside the vehicle.
• A swivel cooking range makes it possible to cook outside as well as inside.
Passenger Seat / Mechanically Transformed Stairs

The Swivel Cooking Range

 GENERATE ELECTRICITY THROUGH WATER

Gas prices are at a level and with world market prices for oil from the same record level,
and show no signs of coming down anytime soon; Deny Klein has come up with his latest
invention of driving car with water. Klein has patented his technology of converting H2O
to HHO through an electrolysis process producing a gas that combines the atomic power
of hydrogen with chemical stability of water. Klein originally designed his water burning
engine for welding factories. Then he experimented the same technology with some
modifications to drive cars and got success in that.

His HHOS (hybrid hydrogen oxygen system) Aquygen™ Gas is generated on demand
and used as a fuel additive in a standard gasoline or diesel engine. He has applied this
breakthrough method in two prototype vehicles—a 1994 Ford Escort Wagon and a 1998
Ford Ranger pickup. The results are as follows:

• The current prototype vehicle receives a net increase in horsepower and an

average increase of 20 to 30 percent in miles per gallon.
• The HHOS does not affect water or oil temperatures.
• The HHOS can be installed with very little modification to a standard piston
engine and so can be retrofitted on nearly any existing automobile.
• Unlike a fuel cell, where hydrogen is stored at a dangerous 10,000 PSI (pounds
per square inch, pressure), the HHOS produces Aquygen™ Gas on demand at less
than 60 PSI.
• Exhaust contains decreased emissions.

Application Detail

• The HHOS can be sized (i.e., the level of Aquygen™ Gas output required) for
smaller or larger engines depending on the horsepower and/or electrical (kW
hour) deviations per volume of fuel (gas or diesel) consumed.
• The HHOS can be retrofitted on millions of existing gas and diesel fuelled
vehicles.
• The HHOS is cost efficient.
 SOLAR PONDS

A solar pond is simply a pool of water which collects and stores solar energy. It contains
layers of salt solutions with increasing concentration (and therefore density) to a certain
depth, below which the solution has a uniform high salt concentration.

When solar radiation (sunlight) is absorbed, the density gradient prevents heat in the
lower layers from moving upwards by convection and leaving the pond. This means that
the temperature at the bottom of the pond will rise to over 90 °C while the temperature at
the top of the pond is usually around 30 °C. The heat trapped in the salty bottom layer can
be used for many different purposes, such as the heating of buildings or industrial hot
water or to drive a turbine for generating electricity.

There are 3 distinct layers of water in the pond:

• The top layer, which has a low salt content.

• An intermediate insulating layer with a salt gradient, which establishes a density
gradient that prevents heat exchange by natural convection.
• The bottom layer, which has a high salt content.

Advantages and disadvantages

• The approach is particularly attractive for rural areas in developing countries.

Very large area collectors can be set up for just the cost of the clay or plastic pond
liner.
• The evaporated surface water needs to be constantly replenished.

Development

Further research is aimed at addressing the problems, such as the development of

membrane ponds. These use a thin permeable membrane to separate the layers without
allowing salt to pass through.

Unfortunately this technology of solar pond is present in India from long time but still
many people are not aware of it. Government should take proper steps and plans to
encourage solar pond technology in different parts of Rural India.