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CHAPTER 1

1.1

INTRODUCTION

This project is about saving electricity. When room temperature increase

more than 40 celcius, censor temperature circuitwill effect and sends
signals to microcontroller. circuit on the otherhand will enliven
relay in relay drive transistor circuit and relay that will enliven fan to
reducing temperature in that circuit.
When room temperature less than 40 celcius on the other hand, again circuit
censor temperature will effect and sends signals to microcontroller. circuit
microcontroller on the other hand will enliven relay in relay drive transistor
circuit and relay
that will close the fan again.

1.2 OBJECTIVE

The project will develop is Universal Temperature Sensor.This project has a function to measure
server room temperature.The objective of this project is to help administrator to monitor the current
server room temperature.The idea to develop this project come from the observation,the method of
admin use to control and monitor temperature of server room.This project also for reducing
electricity.Therefore the schedule and methodology use for develop this system must clear and detail.

I.
II.
III.

To fabricate the system for saving electricity consumption

develop the automatic controlled fan according to the temperature
surroundings
To make the software properly communicate with hardware

1.3 SCOPE

I.
II.
III.

To used for home or office

To reduce payment electricity bill excessive
The hardware of the system are consist of simple circuit which are
power supply unit circuit,sensorunit,relay circuit and PIC circuit
while the for the sofwaresystems,the PIC assembly language will be
used.We used a PIC16f877A.

1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT

I.

System are used nowaday in manually and user have turn on

,turn off fans in manually.With this system,fans can turn on and
turn off in automatically.

II.

In terms of electricity saving,the fans have turn off in

manual.With this system,the fans turn off in automatically and
user no need turn of the fans if user asleep in term temperature
are low example in the morning

III.

This system also can prolong life time of equiment because the
equiment does not work in continuous if user forgot to turn off
the fans

CHAPTER 2

2.1 LITERITURE REVIEW

In chapter 2 we describe the requirements that we need during the project components for our
projects. We have a lot to tell about the history of components, component functions , the
advantages of such a component .We describe the components that we need for our projects
in chapter 2 of this because it is easy for us to look to our future for our project .

2.1.1 The LM35 - An Integrated Circuit Temperature Sensor

FIGURE 2.1.1

The LM35 is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure

temperature with
an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in oC)

2.1.1.2 Why Use LM35s To Measure Temperature?

I.
II.
III.

You can measure temperature more accurately than a using a thermistor.

The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc.
The LM35 generates a higher output voltage than thermocouples and may
not require that
the output voltage be amplified.

2.1.1.3

I.
II.
III.

IV.

What Does an LM35 Do? How does it work?

It has an output voltage that is proportional to the Celsius temperature.

The scale factor is .01V/Oc.
The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming and
maintains an accuracy
of +/-0.4 oC at room temperature and +/- 0.8 oC over a range of 0 oC to
+100 oC.
Another important characteristic of the LM35DZ is that it draws only 60
micro amps from its
supply and possesses a low self-heating capability. The sensor self-heating
causes
less than 0.1 oC temperature rise in still air.

2.1.2 PIC 16F887A

The PIC16F887A is one of the latest products from Microchip. It features all the components which modern
microcontrollers normally have. For its low price, wide range of application, high quality and easy
availability, it is an ideal solution in applications such as: the control of different processes in industry,
machine control devices, measurement of different values etc.

MICROCONTROLLER
The microcontroller is the most important part of the design .

Interfaces all sensors and motors

Contains all code for circuit operation

FIGURE 2.1.2.1 : PIC16F887A

FIGURE 2.1.2.2 : PIC16F887 PDIP 40 Microcontroller

FIGURE 2.1.2.3 : PIC16F887A QFN 44 Microcontroller

FIGURE 2.1.2.4 :PIC16F887A BLOCK DIAGRAM

2.1.3

I.

LCD 16x2

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range
of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is very commonly used in
various devices and circuits. These modules are preferred over seven segments and other
multi segment LEDs. The reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have
no limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven segments)

II.

A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this
LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,
Command and Data.

III.

The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like initializing it,
clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling display etc. The data
register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The data is the ASCII value of
the character to be displayed on the LCD.

FIGURE 2.1.3.1 : LCD DISPLAY 16x2

2.1.3.2 PIN DIAGRAM

FIGURE 2.1.3.2 : PIN DIAGRAM

2.1.3.3 PIN DESCRIPTION

TABLE 2.1.3.3 : PIN DESCRIPTION

2.2AICOND SAVER
2.2.1 FIRST PROTOTYPE

FIGURE 2.2.1 : FIRST PROTOTYPE

2.2.2 Second and Final Prototype

FIGURE 2.2.2 Second and Final Prototype

CHAPTER 3

3.1 METHODOLOGY
A good project needs a good manageable process.project methodology
is used to define fundamental principle,rules and how are going to complete the
project.In developing process,all aspect needs to be attentive.diferrent
methodologies can support work in diferrent phase of the system life cycle.
For developing universal temperature sensor project waterfall model wil used
because it very compatible with this project.Waterfal development makes it easy
to keep the project under control.It limits th amount of cross team interaction
that occurs during development.

For develop this project,the first phase need to do is planning phase,this phase
focus to collect all the source,do a work flow or planning target of project and
etcwildone.second phase is anaylsis,the analysis phase involve the requirement
definition and analysis the problem of current universal Temperature sensors.the
third phase is research.

3.2 PROJECT REQUIREMENT

Before started to develop the any project,thedevelopersmust decide and

list all the requirement need because if equipment not enough will be
disturbed development process and the effect planning project.

3.3 FLOW CHART HARDWARE

FIGURE 3.3.1 : FLOW CHART HARDWARE

3.3.1 INPUT BLOCK

The input block describes the inputs available on this device. The input is the LDR
sensor IN and OUT. If there is movement of objects in and out, LDR sensor IN and OUT will
detect the movement of the object. LDR sensor IN will detect the entry of the object and
sends a signal to the microcontroller, the microcontroller will adding the counter from 0 to 1.
And LDR sensor OUT detects the output objects and send a signal to the microcontroller, the
microcontroller will reject the counter by 1.

3.3.2 BLOCK PROCESS

Block this process explains the process on PIC microcontrollers. LDR sensor detects
entry in the object and send a signal to the PIC microcontroller, PIC microcontroller to
program the signal and send it to the LCD display to show the entry of the object, then the
relay will act as a switch to turn on the fan. While the sensor will detect the output LDR out
the object and send a signal to the PIC microcontroller, PIC microcontroller will program the
signal and send it to the LCD display to display the output of the object, The next relay will
stop the fan.

3.3.3 Block output

The output block describes the process that takes place on the LCD display and relay
that acts as a switch to turn on and turn off the fan. LCD screen only displays the input and
output after receiving instructions from the PIC microcontroller. The fan will be on and off
when the calculation is made using the counter.

3.4 HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

PROTOTYPE / CIRCUIT PATH

i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Temperature sensor IC.LM35

Main board
PIC circuit
Transistor drive relay circuit

3.5 FLOW CHART SOFTWARE

FIGURE 3.5.1 : FLOW CHART SOFTWARE

3.6 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

To develop Temperature sensor,the project has required several suitable
software for support this project.The focus on:

b. PIC16F877A
Microcontroller OR microprocessor (often abbreviated to c) is a
computer-chip-in that was created to control electronic devices.
c. ASSEMBLE LANGUAGE
This software need use for create a program(declare serial
port,memiasurement temperature)into IC for make prototype monitor
temperature sensor be functional.
d. Microsoft Visio
To draw layout for circuit and network architecture.

e. Operating system
Windows XP for suitable portable devices

3.7 POWER SUPPLY

3.7.1 INTRODUCTION
A power supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an electrical load. The
primary function of a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another and,
as a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to as electric power converters. Some
power supplies are discrete, stand-alone devices, whereas others are built into larger devices
along with their loads. Examples of the latter include power supplies found in desktop
computers and consumer electronicsdevices.
Every power supply must obtain the energy it supplies to its load, as well as any energy it
consumes while performing that task, from an energy source. Depending on its design, a
power supply may obtain energy from various types of energy sources, including electrical
energy transmission systems, energy storage devices such as a batteries and fuel cells,
electromechanical systems such as generators and alternators, solar power converters, or
another power supply.
All power supplies have a power input, which receives energy from the energy source, and a
power output that delivers energy to the load. In most power supplies the power input and
output consist of electrical connectors or hardwired circuit connections, though some power
supplies employ wireless energy transfer in lieu of galvanic connections for the power input
or output. Some power supplies have other types of inputs and outputs as well, for functions
such as external monitoring and control.

3.7.2 FUNCTION

Power supplies are categorized in various ways, including by functional features. For
example, a regulated power supply is one that maintains constant output voltage or current
despite variations in load current or input voltage. Conversely, the output of an unregulated
power supply can change significantly when its input voltage or load current changes.
Adjustable power supplies allow the output voltage or current to be programmed by
mechanical controls (e.g., knobs on the power supply front panel), or by means of a control
input, or both. An adjustable regulated power supply is one that is both adjustable and
regulated. An isolated power supply has a power output that is electrically independent of its
power input; this is in contrast to other power supplies that share a common connection
between power input and output.

FIGURE SCHEMATIC POWER SUPPLY

ISIS FIGURE

3.7.3

Other requirement

TABLE 3.7.3.1 :Other requirement

3.7.4 PROJECT CIRCUIT

3.7.5 CONCLUSION

automatic fan that automatically changed (turn on and turn off) depends
on the temperature of surrounding can save an electric energy.
The system will prolong the life time of fan and this also can help the
consumer save their money of buying new fan frequently.

REFERENCE

i)

WWW.JALANPASAR.NET
ii)

ELETRONIC BOOK

iii)

LECTURER