EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

CONFIDENTIAL

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE

FLUID MECHANICS II

COURSE CODE

MEC442/KJM492

EXAMINATION

JANUARY 2013

TIME

3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1.

This question paper consists of six (6) questions.

2.

Answer five (5) questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page.

3.

Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the
invigilator.

4.

Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of:
i)
ii)
iii)

the Question Paper

an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty
a three - page Appendix 1

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO

This examination paper consists of 5 printed pages
) Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 1
a)

A soldier weighing 100 kg descends to the ground from a helicopter with a parachute
against the resistance of air. The parachute is hemispherical in shape of 2 m diameter.
Determine the terminal velocity with which it settles down in a steady fall.
(Assume density of air is 1.17 kg/m3and drag coefficient is 0.5)

b)

A circular kite of 1.5 m2 and negligible thickness is held by a chord at position 60 from
the horizontal , whilst the wind velocity is 30km/h and flows horizontally. If the mass of
the kite is 0.4 kg and the tension of the chord holding the kite is 20 N, calculate the
drag, lift forces ,the drag and lift coefficients on the kite.
(Assume the air density as 1.2 kg/m3)
(20 marks)

QUESTION 2
Velocity distribution in a laminar boundary layer is of the form

U~\s)
The free stream velocity U at a certain section is 30 m/s and boundary layer thickness ,6 is
60 mm. Determine:
a)

the displacement thickness,5*,

b)

momentum thickness,6, and

c)

shape factor, H.
(20 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 3
An oil flows down an inclined plane surface in a steady, fully developed laminar flow of
thickness h, as shown in Figure Q3.
a)

Simplify the continuity equation and Navier-Stokes equations to model this flow field.

b)

Obtain expressions for the liquid velocity profile, the volume flow rate and the average
velocity.

c)

Calculate the volume flow rate in a film of oil h = 1 mm, flowing on the surface b = 1m
wide, inclined at 9=10 to the horizontal.State your assumptions clearly.
p = 800kg/nr, |u =1.52kg/ms g = 9.81 mis'
(20 marks)

h=1mm

Figure Q3

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 4

Uniform flow
>
>

>
>
>~
>
>

Source
Figure Q4

Consider uniform and parallel flow in the x-y plane parallel to x-axis with x-component
velocity of u = U and y-component velocity of v = 0, and a source at origin of x-y plane with
radial velocity component of Vr = q/(2nr) and angular velocity component of Ve = 0 as
shown in Figure Q4. The source strength is q. Determine:
a)

the velocity potential and stream function for the uniform flow only,

b)

the velocity potential and stream function for the source only,

c)

the velocity potential and stream function for the supersition of the uniform flow and the
source, and

d)

hence show that the horizontal distance of stagnation point Rstag from the origin for
superposition of the uniform flow and the source is given by

stag

2nU
(20 marks)

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

QUESTION 5
Air flows isentropically in a converging channel which has inlet area of 0.001m 2 . The Mach
number at the inlet is 0.3 and the absolute pressure and the temperature are 650 kPa and
62C, respectively. At the exit section the Mach number is 0.8. Assuming one direction
isentropic flow, determine:
a)

the stagnation presure and stagnation temperature,

b)

the temperature and pressure at exit section,

c)

the area at the exit,

d)

the inlet and exit velocity,

e)

the inlet and exit density of air, and

f)

the mass flow rate through the converging channel.

[Properties of air: k = 1.4, R = 287 J/kg.K and Cp = 1005 J/kg.K]

(20 marks)

QUESTION 6
A water supply system requirs a flow rate of 1440 m3/h and a head of 2400 cm. Two
identical pumps are to be considered to meet the requirement. The impeller inlet radius is
120 mm and the inlet blade width is 70 mm. The outlet radius is 200 mm and the outlet
blade width is 50 mm.Water enters radially at the inlet blade with a velocity of 9.5 m/s when
the pump rotates at 1450 rpm. The water leaves the impeller at p = 16.Assuming 100%
efficiency, calculate the flow rate and the head of the pumps arranged in:
a)

Parallel

b)

Series

State the arrangement to be used to meet the supply system requirements.Justify your
answer.
(20 marks)

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

APPENDIX 1(1)

CONFIDENTIAL

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

FORMULA LIST
du dv dw
+ + =0
dx dy dz

Continuity:

Navier-Stokes Equation:
x-component:

du

du
YU

ydt

du
YW

hV

dx

d2u d u d u
+ Pgx+P
Y + T + T
dx
2
dx
dy2 dz2

dp

du

dy

dz

2
(&
dv '
dp
dlv
dlv
d2,A
v
i
r
+
PSy
+
v
T+ T+ i
hu
hv
1- w
dy
dx2
dy2 dz2
dx
dy
dz
v dt

y-component:

dv

dv

dw

dw

dv

d2w

dp

dw
dw
Yu
hv
1- w
dt
dx
dy
dz

z-component:

dx2

dz

2
d2...\
w

d2w
+

dy2

dz2

Continuity and NSE in Cylindrical Coordinates

1 d{rur)

1 due

du.
-+r dd
dz

dr

dur
dur uR dur ul
dur
- + urr- + -J-r-e- + uzdt
dr
r dd
r
dz

r-comp:

r
1 d2ur
2 due
dp
du I ur
~ + Pgr+M
r ~dr~)~rT + ~r~2d02 ~~rT~d~0
r dr \
dr

IA

>comp:

dua

dur,

Ur. duH

dt

dr

r dO

u,.Uf,

dz2

duR
dz

1 d ( du ^
r
+ Pge+M
rdO
r dr V dr
\^dp_

z-component: p

d'ur
+

1 d2ua
2

2 dur d'Uf,
+ +- 2
r2 d6
d0
dz
2

du,
du, up du,
du,
- + w,^ +
-- + u,dt
dr
r d6
' dz
9

P^

-f+pg.+p

"l d

duz

r dr

dr

1 d2u,
+ 2

dd2

+-

d2u.
dz2

dz
^ dV
dV
dV
dV
a=
Yu
hv
+w
dt
dx
dy
dz
Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL

APPENDIX 1(2)
where,

<Z = 2a> = S7xV

r 60

Velocity potential:

V = i + j +k
dx
dy
dz

dug V
dur du. V
1 d(ru9)
e +
\e0+~
_ dz dr
dz
dr

1 duy

Stream function:

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

dy/

dy/
u = dy

v=

d$_
u = dx

v=

dur
d6
dy/

Idy/
u =

dx

r dd

d^

u0

dr

\d<p

d<j>

dy'

dr

rdd

Compressible Flow:
k-\

Isentropic flow:
T

V 2

A'
Shock Wave:

(T

\Ma2

( iT \/k-l
0

\/k-\

\T j

k 1
*
1 + ~ *,
Ma yk + \j V
Ma
2

Ma* =

{k-\)Ma2x + 2

T2 _ l + Ma, 2 (fc-l)/2

2kMaf-(k-l)

r, ~ l +

Ma2(k-l)/2

p2 _ 1 + Ma2
o.

1 + M^

Flat Plate Boundary Layer

o-lriV-rM
U{
U,

dy
V

Laminar Flat Plate Boundary Layer - Blasius Solution

4.91

&_
x

x 7R^
C,=
f
~ 1
2

1.72

ft
x

VR^

0.664

Fn

cD=-x

PU2

0.664

p(7 2 J

1.328

VR^

Empirical Correlation for Flat Plate Turbulent Boundary Layer:

0.455
Cn =
D
' ~(logReJ"8

1700

[Transition at Rex = 500,000]

RcL

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL

CONFIDENTIAL
0.455
Co =

EM/JAN 2013/MEC442/KJM492

APPENDIX 1(3)
[Turbulent from leading edge]

(logReJ\2.58

Karman Momentum Integral:

1
-pU

TT2

dx

Turbomachines

Centrifugal Pumps

P V 2^
NPSH =
+
' inlet
Pg 2g

hp = z, +
Pg

n2

D J 2gA'

p=-(u2v,2-^vn)

g
Impulse Turbine

hT =}-u(u-Vje,X\-cosfi)

Francis Turbine

K=-(u2vl2-ulvn)

Vjel = V ^

Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA

CONFIDENTIAL