Lnec - ICDS12: Durable Structures

ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012
DURABLE STRUCTURES
STRENGHTENING AND REPAIR OF MOSTEIR BRIDGE
IC
DS
Joo Pinho, Jos David, Ricardo Antunes
DURABLE STRUCTURES
MOSTEIR BRIDGE OVERVIEW
Mosteir Bridge: landmark bridge designed by the renowned Portuguese engineer Mr. Edgar Cardoso
Built in 1973: replacing steel bridge to be submerged by Carrapatelo Dam water
Length: 194 m / Width: 9.0 m
LNE
C
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
MOSTEIR BRIDGE DECK
Continuous box-girder
Spans: 42 + 110 + 42 m
12
Solid slabs / Truss web
Reinforced concrete + Post-tensioned concrete (top slab)
IC
DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
MOSTEIR BRIDGE PIERS
Casing and raising of the masonry piers

of the previous bridge with reinforced
concrete.
LNE
C
Central pier partially demolished
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
MOSTEIR BRIDGE - ABUTMENTS
Casing and raising of the masonry
abutments of the previous bridge with
reinforced concrete
12
DS
Bearings tied to the abutments through vertical high-strength steel bars, to withstand upward forces
Free abutment
IC
Fixed abutment
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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MOSTEIR BRIDGE REPAIR WORKS IN THE 1990s
1992: Breaking of steel bars connecting the deck to the bearings at the fixed abutment
Main repair works:
Replacement of broken high-strength bars
Strengthening of deck-abutment connection with four external PT cables
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
PROJECT STAGES
1. Inspection and characterization
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Detailed topographic survey
Detailed inspection
Bathymetry survey
Underwater inspection
Concrete characterisation tests
Detailed geometric survey
Geotechnical investigation
DS
Data collection
2. Evaluation of structural safety
3. Strengthening and repair Design

Preliminary design
Detailed design
IC
4. Strengthening and repair Construction
DURABLE STRUCTURES
INSPECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION - MAJOR DEFECTS FOUND
LNE
C
Strong vibration under heavy vehicle traffic
Vertical deformation at middle of central span

(16 cm)
Major transverse cracks in bottom slab at

central span
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
INSPECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION - MAJOR DEFECTS FOUND

Transverse cracking in diagonals in tension
abutment
DS
Concrete spalling near the bearings at fixed
IC
Unleveled expansion joint at fixed abutment (2 cm)
DURABLE STRUCTURES
EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY
Goal: Understand origin of structural problems

Model 1: Same assumptions as the original design and standards
Model 2: Modern calculation methods and standards
LNE
C
Conclusion: Major effects were overlooked in the original design
Increase of bending moments at middle of central span due to creep
Seismic action (not required by the standards)
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY - CONCLUSIONS

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATES
Insufficient tension strength in bottom slab at the central span

Tension stresses much higher than strength
Probable yielding of rebars
Loss of slab stiffness -> overall reduction of structural stiffness
DS
Insufficient strength of diagonals in tension (central span)
Insufficient strength of horizontal connection between deck and fixed

abutment
Not designed to withstand seismic action
IC
DURABLE STRUCTURES
EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY - CONCLUSIONS
LNE
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SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES
Cracking in bottom slab at central span
Linked to excessive tension
Defective vertical connection between deck and abutments
Reactions at bearings near zero for permanent loads
Insufficient stiffness of deck-abutment connection (provided only by

vertical PT cables)
Loss of stiffness of bottom slab led to higher forces in the connection
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR WORKS - OVERVIEW
Strengthening:
Bottom slab (central span)
Diagonals
Connections between deck and abutments
Partial demolition of submerged pier
General repair and maintenance works (concrete, bearings)
DS
IC
Focus: Strengthen the bridge with minimal aesthetic impact
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR WORKS BOTTOM SLAB

EXTERNAL POST-TENSION CABLES
Goals: Restore stiffness

Ensure compliance with SLS criteria
10 external PT cables inside the box girder
Minimize aesthetical impact, avoid reduction of river traffic clearance
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR WORKS BOTTOM SLAB

CFRP PLATES
Goals: Provide tension strength to comply with ULS criteria
Control of cracking
48 CFRP plates on both faces of the slab
IC
DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
LNE
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STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR WORKS DIAGONALS IN TENSION
48 diagonals intervened
Steel plates in internal faces (minimize aesthetic impact)
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
STRENGTHENING AND REPAIR WORKS CONNECTION DECK-ABUTMENT
Goal: Ensure compression of bearings for service loads

Reduce risk of fatigue in PT cables
Reduce vibrations
Two additional PT cables at each abutment
Anchored in truss system connected to the decks cross beam
IC
DS
DURABLE STRUCTURES
CONCLUSIONS
LNE
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Some decades ago, high relative cost of materials led engineers to search for their
maximum optimisation
Simplified approaches required by limited calculation methods could lead to
overlooking some effects (in this case, creep)
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
12
CONCLUSIONS
IC
DS
Deep structural strengthening achieved with minimal aesthetic impact
DURABLE STRUCTURES
CONCLUSIONS
LNE
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Cocktail of different technologies proved to be the best approach
Post-tension
Reinforced concrete
Carbon fiber plates
Steel
ICDS12
DURABLE STRUCTURES
DS
12
THANK YOU!
LNE
C
IC
MAY 2012

Lnec - ICDS12: Durable Structures

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ICDS12

International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

STRENGHTENING AND REPAIR OF MOSTEIR BRIDGE

Joo Pinho, Jos David, Ricardo Antunes

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

MOSTEIR BRIDGE OVERVIEW

Built in 1973: replacing steel bridge to be submerged by Carrapatelo Dam water

Length: 194 m / Width: 9.0 m

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Solid slabs / Truss web

Reinforced concrete + Post-tensioned concrete (top slab)

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

MOSTEIR BRIDGE PIERS

Casing and raising of the masonry piers

Central pier partially demolished

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

MOSTEIR BRIDGE REPAIR WORKS IN THE 1990s

Main repair works:

Replacement of broken high-strength bars

Strengthening of deck-abutment connection with four external PT cables

1. Inspection and characterization

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

Detailed topographic survey

Concrete characterisation tests

Detailed geometric survey

2. Evaluation of structural safety

3. Strengthening and repair Design

4. Strengthening and repair Construction

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

INSPECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION - MAJOR DEFECTS FOUND

Strong vibration under heavy vehicle traffic

Vertical deformation at middle of central span

Major transverse cracks in bottom slab at

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

INSPECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION - MAJOR DEFECTS FOUND

Concrete spalling near the bearings at fixed

Unleveled expansion joint at fixed abutment (2 cm)

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY

Goal: Understand origin of structural problems

Model 2: Modern calculation methods and standards

Conclusion: Major effects were overlooked in the original design

Increase of bending moments at middle of central span due to creep

Seismic action (not required by the standards)

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY - CONCLUSIONS

Insufficient tension strength in bottom slab at the central span

Probable yielding of rebars

Loss of slab stiffness -> overall reduction of structural stiffness

Insufficient strength of diagonals in tension (central span)

Insufficient strength of horizontal connection between deck and fixed

LNEC Lisbon 31 May - 1June 2012

EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL SAFETY - CONCLUSIONS

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATES

Cracking in bottom slab at central span

Linked to excessive tension

Defective vertical connection between deck and abutments

Reactions at bearings near zero for permanent loads

Insufficient stiffness of deck-abutment connection (provided only by

Loss of stiffness of bottom slab led to higher forces in the connection