".

Entuo-

.,i.rac.ttttt.

Biljana Sikimii
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
Institute for Balkan Studies, Belgrade
Bilj ana. Sikimic@bi. sanu. ac.rs

- t:::tit,(t:llll't

,,.; lJrru

HOW TO TALK ABOUT PLANTS: QUESTIONS OF

METHODOLOGY'

: :'1t'ttHlfi-.

E:ttr pa,1:

i:,i, .

13,.2:

=:. ,jpaK x
P\lZnaf

ABSTRACT: This paper is a condensed version ol a longer study published in Serbian r.r,hich
analysed the hybrid status ol' intervie'nr.s conducted in the n.runicipality of KnjaZevac during
tl.re Summer School of Serbian Folklore in July 20 13. The examples used lbr analysis are tiom
transcripts of conversations'"vith four inlbmants who collect medicinal plants, professionally or
as a hobby, in the Eastern Serbia. A questionnairc designed to elicit information on the f'unction of
plants intangible heritage when intervieu in-u non-specialists (and not rvhen intervicu'ing cornpetent
herbalists and healers) is presented in the appcndix to this paper.

_:. l tl.
!_

i)ttcKtt

Key Words: methodology of llcld rvorl<, ethnobotany. phytopharmacy, popular scientific discourse,

intervieu.ing

: ''.;c)luKll
.
).

',:.J11('Ke

Methodology of field work in Folklore Studies

ti(

of contemporary field work conducted for the purposes

research in hurranistic disciplines has recently undergone dramatic
transfotmations primarily due to technological improvements in research equiprrent,
which have resulted in neu comlnunication opportunities. Another factor has been the
significant social changes r.vhich have taken place in rural communities (traditionally
a favourite terrain for research in 20'h century Slavic Studies). This technologicai and
social acceleration has been addressed with multiple analyses and studies about changes
in.field work methods and their application, as well as studies which discuss the terrain

.,

)t

Klt

,Io_r.ra.

.:,cgera.

-,,ttrlftt.
.:. )ui(Klr

." -loua.

The methodology

of qualitative

itself.
.:.1OJ)d;

::,1 lr-.la
'.:

.t:Jd b\

l:",krrr

ict

: . r'Llitor

Kepot'

One of the major themes in the r.nonogtaph Proceedings of XYY Congress of'
Federcttion of Associalions of yugoslor folklorists l36opuux od XXXI Kott?pec tL(l
Cojysc.tm ua sdpvtreuujantct uo c\o:tx-topucntume Hd Jyzc.tc:raeujal (Cxonje 1986) is the
methodology of field work.r The inten-rational scientific literature on the methodology
of qualitative research today is so extensive that it is practically insurmor-tntable, but
it is easily accessible over the internet. The universal interest in the methodoiogy of
fleld rvork is reflected in the range olcurrently avaiiable Serbian monographs, thematic
rThis contribution is

a result

ofm.v work on the projcct (Language. Folklorc

ancl lvligrations on the Balkans. No.

Technologrcal Developnrent of Serbia.
I The lbllorving contributions are particularly noteworthv: Au'rouHjeanh 1986; Ilonaacu:resa 19E6: Tpuno:rcru
l9f36r Angelora-Gcorgieva 1986; Sokolewicz I9E6.
1780 I 0 ), financed by thc M inistry

ol L,ducalion, Sciencc

ar.rd

113

Biljana Sikimii

f:',ffi:i:XT'{[:iJtJ,,fiI"3^*:: flcar exReriencer practicar experience orrhe

il',}!. ;i T:' [],:-t:,fi',T :i l] :
;lT[#:::," $*:1.:,: ],:;,t.f :*: ,-1 il;,
dl
il
:
;
y
ffi
,'J'L'#
ot tsalkan
_T ffil"
Academy
il:: : ilf of:
Studies:

;lt3
anlhropologl,

an

:ll

at tlre Serbian
:;i
ffi:",i#:l,slltute
)rators rvhose primary fielcls
th rop ot ogy., an
lds
are linguistic
anthronol,,^,,
tinnri.r;,1
rh rop o gv
f).r.r^--.
r
1 i"..' ,,"a,;.i;l:?JH::.r
^r r"r
"r
I

i Sciences
!
::: art,
I urj
uro
I

The c -,,
be consid:. -:
a popular .: ;:
questions ,, - -

Field research of ethnobotany

elements c,- .:,

only a very lilnited alroltnt

of fielcl research crer.oted
to studies o, fbrk knor,vredse
ol'prryrhopha'"rr
rhc rorc 0,.,.,,,
o,r, irr tra.ririorar...,r,,,r. n* bcerr corr.rtrcredr,,
':u,
Serbia.'Thi: is ore ol.the
,..oron, ,ni;; i;rs ciee
idetl ro rrrke rh,

!::ffi

The S,-::

but

'

conversatra: :

ll.;r*ir t, ilil,,ffi ti *
Novi Sad and ilre Ho,rerard
ih$
n;,;r;;;,';'lnjazJr,ac.u ,,,lojii"r',"
":r';:.;.;,rff
the ge,erar mission
,;
p
,i : r,T;: : :ll :;illl:,:
uu .,re. t
lr. ;: i:t ;1*1: :,: :,:,,,.,.1.i i..much
i
iiandil linguistic
",,.,
" "
anthropological
i"""i,:i: il i J?,:

data as

the conver..:'

demonstrai:::
were being :=:
documents -:-

possible.

r",il],"il?iifJr?.Hiilif:,HilllL:ere

can be rbund

conr''ersations were transcribecr

are hidden' bLrt the names
not

In the;..:
field rvork :..: -

it'r pe,rrillr.teroeumo: (nr

ou

by an inte: , -

** n.ri rvo.k ,r lo,]?,rtioned

domain).'
transfbnr

aboi,e. The
i..rrori,,.'ine idenritllr,..i"cLrrors ancr students
of the Sumrn., s.t oor instructors
"i:,,r.
are stated.

s.'.u,.;;;;;";l.Sciences

\. .

t::;

t,*.*rl,2ffiron,,

:ilr,,,,nr(,\;-il;;1,;:',;il,';]];iIjJ;j]
C'apoZnregai -Gulin

' rn.

.:

made durir:.

;.,

interloctit..:.,-:
work, inter. -,.

and Arts.

:-.

*, m*

studl'g^cs r,,

Thisisuhr :.
practicalh : :.:

,-il::l,rrrrru,,npn-r,xp11,urr,r0r:BrcrHrr,r,rll:ri.rrrrrrrrh

201.1;
Zrnic i,-"r"ri,illli''rrr,..r\r1rl4iap
r"' C'i
Li.oatian oI in translation:
Santek 2006; l3o \tber 1005). "t1161y1 2011 (in

,roi,i',=r";.;;;r',;:
lbr Balkan til;il,;llrlrttl

make all naari::

All th:.:

rre Atrrnrutilu s"rcskLr \larinkorri.

N4ar4a Ilic" S'etlana
Cirko'ic (lnsrirrrr.

::;*xi#,:1,i;11,"

t;:H: ff

;:, tx*

lield rescarch intu

H :jlx:: l;,lx i*i;il il:;Iil:t il:

police

intr: .:.:

also difler;:

the Surut

liiril:'l'Hi:J,".'"Jy;IkTT': 'r,'l#1,1::l::J:,'IIJilll;fi::xlfili;ilii;lJfi]::;il::;llffiil;
l:,'p 111,,r- orr
111

betweert tl:. .. .
than in oi 1'..: . -

rrtcdre i.al
n,.,, ,,, ,*r.1,* ll" ilrror",,no 10r0. r.his
"*,ri"r",r't.iu)nographic
,..1 ,'":ii..';..:,:,'l'1,'.fn,,,",,,n,,,-.,,,h.iic,rrrcs
.11"',r,.,"*;;o',;l',,",'''"''lJil;i:j;lllillll;l..il;.,:,,1
rr
rrtrsr'rlrrr)
''
r)ll
\lil\lc
'
1,,11,
tllttt,rhotlrnr l)r. rgq..1111. f...,,.r.rlr,',,,i)..,i;;
Ku.tl6o3x 111111y,.
;:;.
" N,{ore detaiis aboLrt

tlte risl,. (,1.d(.r.ontc\tItli/rliilt)

observatioi:.
the purpose

do, becaLts.
C,

Analr...
useful in .r:.,,. ,

co,er the comptete. recordecl

materiar but on]y the pre_arrangecl
."rr3r[;::,rr:;,i":,
,;]i,,'l,ili
j
ti, n graaL, a y,;;
JTff
1l,l,T ; Iiiil
:l i::l*,i t "il,m,l
hours in total, have been
fulry nrrr..iu.j. atr tt.i;.:;:
aata
acor,..o
(including numerous
0,,.,r, this field r^,.ork
prrorograp.s) r;.;.;rrr:d
i, trre ilffi;:;ir,.e of the lnstirure
rbr Batkan Stuclies orirr.
e

::

ofthe nrate::,

with trre ,"r.".,,ii,ra"..o,,",,,1i];';.'"_,ff,::i::H:il;ff::,H":iln*i*ii

rvith herbarisrs, recorded

during irr.

r-:'
it ua: ::

education.

I 'fhc pro-.:
knos ledg; .
knou ieil_t:

r,r
Ir tl)c
,,rs :Cr
sccor.ld.lr_],.usc
r,il(lir
ol_rluaiitatire cjata. st:e Berg
20011.

200(r.

lit i

I{O\V TO TALK ABOUT PLANTS: QUESTIONS OF N4ETHODOLOGY

: ..:r.rience ol the

Popular scientific lectures on plants

r:r ntan1, of the

,. l -: ill the Serbian
; L1: rire lingLristic

--

m folk knowledge
been conducted in
ence ofplants in

i mmer School

of
rf Philosophy in

he general mission
le
h

knowledgeable
anthropological

The conversations and interviews that took place during the Summer School may
be considered complex: on the one hand, the interlocutors had prepared ancl rehearsed
a popular science presentation. On the other hand, the specialized audience could ask
qr.iestions r.vhich were not given to the speakers before their presentations. so there were
elements of spontaneous. natural speech.
The Summer School had a double goal to which all the participants agreed. [t was
educational inthe sense thatthe students u,,ere tobecome fan, iliarwith localphytopharmacy,
but it was also practical, i.e. they \\,ere to learn how to do field work, to conduct a
conversation by themselves during the field work. The instructors also participated in
the conversations alongside tl.re students. Their position was rather colnplex: they were
demonstrating how to conduct this (Placeholderl)kind of conversation, but since they
were being recorded, they also had to bear in nTind that they needed to collect audio
documents on the chosen topics. The1. had to judge on the spot whether the archived form

of the material could have

In the case

nexoeumoz 6uma
t Serbian together

ed conversations
rned above. The
lors and students
;f the pre-arranged
presentations but
s, lasting about 5

E this fleld work

re of the Institute

2013; llerponuh

rr in translation:
rkovid (lnstitute

q' of Philology,
esxo 2010. This
:rary belieftales
natized by B. B.
te

ofthe Faculty

Jora sr.html (in

pol,vtirnctional use.

ola specialized conversation

about phytopharrnacy, the usual goal of'the

field work researcher to elicit a narrative - trarrsfbrms ir.rto an intbrrr,ative description

by an interlocutor qualified to speak about phytophannacy or any other specialized
domain).sAs a result, the resealcher's quesliolls need to be directed in such a way as to
transfbtm the inlbrmation into a narrati\ e
Analyses of the f-eatures ol inter\ ieu.s conducted fbr the mass media have proven
usefil in analysing the resr-rlts of the Folklore Summer School: these were important
observations about the ways a questioll can be asked, regardless of whether this is fbr
the purpose of a public discussion on a radio or a television prograln. The mistakes
made dunng everyday speech are not as conspictlous as those made on the radio, rvhere
interlocutors tend to self--correct. tvl.uch makes the mistake all the more noticeable . In field
work. interlocutors do not selt--correct like the speakers in radio or television interviews
<1o, because they are not rea111'au'ale that their recording rvill be transcribed literally.
This is why field work intervie\\.s ale close to infbrmal speech. Verbatirr, interviews are
practically never published in tl.re press. so the interlocutor relies on the researcher to
make all necessary corrections in the final shaptng olthe intervierv.
A11 these types of semi-stnrctured interviews difTer in tenns of the power relation
power
betr,veen the interviewee and the t'esearcher: a researcher in the l.rr-rmanities has less
consultations,
rnedical
as
such
than in other: situations of a higher clegree of institutiotrality,
police interrogalions, psychotlierapeutic sessiotts, or collversations in a classroonl or a
iourtroom (q.hich are the r-rsua1 objects of pragmatic analysis). The econon,y oltime is
also difl-erent to that olthe other situatiorrs r-nentioned above: the researcher's time is
s Thc procedurc 1br conducting lieldu,ork intcrvie*s,u,ith quali{ied interlocutors rvho possess specialized

knorvleigc is prescnted in the contribulion b-v Sretlana Cirkolii. She used uaterial lrortl Kosovo antl Metohijl:
(C'ill<or ic
knorvleclgc ofthe tcchnolqgy ol'tladitional potterl,(Rrpnourh). traclitional heating ancl phltophrrnrrc;
2006. 2008. 200Ea). Orilija Hedeian also proposes a lypologl of interlocutors in ileld $ ork (Hedeian 2005).
115

Biljana Sikimid

limited onry by the goodwilr

and rhe abilities of rhe
interrocutor.

,","fr:;;.'il';nfiflJJ

be in quesrion form

A comment
x

ii;l,llJ[il:H:::i:[it';x,H[i1:i;::i::::"J#;:::l,TJr:l',"#ffi
s i,
ai,

[r;;J, ;;i J)T."*,:ii:::1 ffi

rc"*,:l::::1i.io.,",
independent"r..t,o,].,,.
I'ffj: i;ilifll:
journalist. who is
.,.r..,.4-,"iJre
debare

A'throporogists a.d ringuistshavi

a,criticar o. un ui*.nutive
point of view.

oirr.*r,

iind
the closest possibre contact
witli the" in,Jo.uro,
the researchers' stratesies
and c,ra,un zoo+,

questions are asked

ofapproaJ;l;;;

r,rrtegy is ro create

r.l fo@rluauuouu zo,,o, who points out

ffi ,i,").'in. *ur* in which
ii i'*rnu,ionuffi.*r;
u"."*r*
:oog, ,116

u'n''i,npo.,ur, topic tbr

rr^:1.:

approaches to ask about

term
or about how to.ut
"-Yiil"'"i1.'l*l'Ji:;:f;:';,f;:touuu:ooq""r'"''"i"i"i,.,,Serbial
an authentic

,pl..h ;;il;

;..""

qtttttions or pseudoquestions.
colpus fio'n the Summer
In the
School. r,r,,'tt
1l-"]r::o
srrrce there u as orrlv
orr *},o rpot. tl,il.a'i.rH"uiXl'",ffi.Tli;::il:Tfrtli::*?;
used an idiorect.,,",,u,ll
to rhc standar.d

ripi,
I4eaHoni

IJrsa

\'lil.r.:

Kluxonl -. (]P-,::,.

]1,;,
Ko,,toccre.,.

P.t'.'
"llr.'xrrh. \1,
cA_:. . . .:
.i

medicinar pran ts
:i,'l J'?*J""],:1"-"';" "
thc kind or'persorr ,o
i
t; ;;,;r;
r*,,rJ'il::,::,"q"cialist.
The q uesri onrr']]:"1 l'.?'thropo logi car u"a ri"g rirt* i, I'1"i.*.

,:ffi',Tiilt,.-,T.*,il,;ffi :":,,,JJ,:,j,,xf"-3,:'ffi

*rh*;;'xfr :Hi

Barka,,.,;,;;;;;:;:";'J;.,,[i:',,",rrire by Aua A. rr,rorur,,.oaa

ri. .::
Il.ror urr. .

Ilonsrti;r

....

npruo
na Jy,

Carcnunh.
Teve
C-,tuxt
8

Aurouajee uh,
.{paroc-a:
()n x)xr K()r..rtt,ct1

l]xtrl

"Me to-t.'tot uie

Hct c"r1'1"111

rr'"ropa"'

t'|iopttu^'
':''^';t;"'"i::;,i::i':i,';irn:::,:),";do
Lnuntc H(t Jt"Ltc.tttt;ttrrt.
xcDN. Krru.*-ah llsaH
rr^^.. (2014)'
..^. .
T?percra .:tuHrrlrcnluK.t.
Eeorpa.,r: @a.;ro,.rolrrn
ffi;rJ;^ap'

,punyr.",
^
Byvrauh
H"rron"rh. g.,
()r, rt)rl.rLttrrttH().,rt.","'nl3l'
^

l\ctn"'tntr'"trfat1111
1t1'11,

1'n,'r(fitpll,t{r6(tt

HnqottLt;ttp( h.tt ;rittrt1111,.,_.

I-o(r(rrrirHrroaa

,"r,

1-93

Cuxuutrh,
u Mer,
Jeanx

y llprrm
Czxzrraah.

5l

rlcrp
trleari

Tpuuorcrrr.

.l_,-il,t=,:iii:;:::;:':),;:!:j:::yirF#Iil",1ffi:ji.^":;:"::."":,.::,:::,
I acpr..roHult. ,6r.
patlicaau: i09 l2q
sarm (2rilt\) )...o no ,,,

116

rF

Czr<ralrrrh-

BIBLIOGRAPI{Y

. g.

.L:
\ \.:'
L"

"Jiil
norrrtallv be an intorrrrr,,,

,otrrursa*onurt.

l! ij

fl::1,.,:

i'#1"T',:'J,-.;T;::i'H#:
.'l:'::J'#:,H;.:,"i1:"i;:;';#::.:i.i,i::,ff
tr'"'t' a"nt'';;;
il;;;;; ;o ut

('rirrnig;:r- r42.

r.- r .

Pr !)'

I L(Tll,

specially designed questionnaire

ile01,1" designed ror

r.

6er,. :'

langrrage r al.iery.

Concluding remarks

\ It,. .

rx

r-r-: - -

flr.ly. celraruurta u eru.r.ar!ajalra...

hupr<oerh.

rroIrax,BaHue, u
rpyrue Bxltbr crparei_,fi

Kpar]

nr'"olo,'r'_"I'a,.'n,,t,

tZOtirll. ...florcra
, --,._uruqrrrre
rbrBaurc.

_.\:L\,r

lepat
huproeuh.

[.

HOW TO TALK ABOUT pr_ANTS:

eUESTTONS OF METHODOLOGY
Ilpeoro"rleH].1' I(oNIr{yHxKarflBlIElx 6cpbepoe".
-flsatx KuK cpe()cmeo mpaltc.tatlyy Kr,.rbtn!p.
Mocxea: Hayra: t32-154.

I4eaHoeulr Eapuruuh' Ma-rusa (yp.) (2012).

Tepetrcra ,cmpo)ttu6drba. fktentttxcr cycpemo.
Eeorpa4:

Ernorpa$crcu r4Hcrr{ryr CAH:{

llrHcrerrxo {Kono_In,ti). 14. B. r2Ol0). ..,rleraPcrBeHHbte
pacteHil, a Hapo:uoil \te-I,iur.iHc
y(paHHUeB [IoLrecrq (no no,ressrv lruorpa(ruuecorn,
,rnl.prutarr),,. Aclcr ringuisrica
p et rop

K"uuxouaq,

o I i t an

VI/ 1 . Cauxr_ ller ep6ypr: 200_2 I 3

(2009). .,I1pr.uo. nprrir.,noj alanu3Llx.nnep:aquje:

ct

lyrura

opttlHauuju"' Tec'tpuict<o-tetnor)otottrxu
It uy. u u u (tc lt

r:.t

cr

ct.t c m

u .r, B.w<o

.qncr{ypc mohr4 y,rexapcroj

oxrsup sa,vtodepttu.iatluj.r, onuca cpn(:Ko? jesuxa

e e i) ct u e 3 g/3. Eeor pa_1, :
iO.

(21.

osl. B. b. t20l 0 ). ..( . trsrHt Kafl rt HoLl

oqep( I1cropflu"' Acta linguistica
perr.oporitonavrl1. Carrr<r-Ire,ep6ypr: ,
3,o':'u""no'
'r1yxuh, Mulas (2014).,,Hanoueue o aunyr-*u*oy, 3arricuBa,iby,
Ko,roe

Ka3uBaILy, lreBar.y

caKyn'Ibarra' 3anucuBaqa! Ka3I'IBaqa, reeaqa".

lTpo-tttttu,tron

- Harrolre,e
a mpadnnluje. dto;tx1toptto u

'lumepaptru tlcnlpa){LtailHta. ?10putu< pctdr.tca nocaeLteu

Muplaiu llput)apcru
(6. Cyeajuuh, E. 3.ra.rxoBuh, yp.). 6corpa,q: U*r.rr.y,

Jb.v6uuxoeuhl,

,;,;;;;;;;;

yN,rerHocr: 605_6 tg.

Heuai)t,

rlc'rpoerh. corsa (20 t 0). ,,Tepencr<o r,tcrpaxnBaiie

rf o-rx:ropa, nepneryr.rpajy hu ,pogec,,
. Irtocuux
Emrc,zpacfcxoz uuc.ntltmynto CAfty 5Ei2. Eeorpar:
43_5g.
[lerpoeuh, coma (20 1 3). ,Jepeucxo ucrpaxnBaH,e
$o,xropa y cp6uju: Kpar.a*. ocBpr, caBpeN{eHo
craBe r4 nepcne*rrrBe". cLter)c.ltcHLt trnLKct (.to.tx.topucruuxo-l
1i. Kapanoauh, J. Joxuh,
yp.), Hosa Ca;r: Ou_uo:orfcru rpaxl..rrer:221
231.
fl"uotur'ixoga' A A' ( lgr)b) -lt,tt)tL.p,,r.ru, i.-r,
6xH (: Rozo apea.,t

)t)tro.rtlt,a6ucmttLtecKozo u3r)t!etu, 6ct.,txuttor,_,ta-

d. Mocxsa.

llornacu.reea, A-nexcaHrpa (19g6). ..\.rerol

,,prr repeHc*oro ]rcrpaxyBa*e Ha HaporHrre
npr'ixa:,u". 36oputrx oc) .y\--\-r K()r,tPe(. ua C..j13pry tn
sr)p.y."t*euijr*r, ,, rjto.rx.t.pucnrume
uu .l.r.,ot. rcrctri.r. Cronjc: 2i5 lo2.
cr'rxur,rh, Er:rana (2004) ,,Arr1'e.rHa 'repeHcria xcrpaxfiBa*,a
gr,jacnope: cp6a y Malapcroj,
Te.ye

2.

Hrru_r:

847-g5g.

cuxurruh, Eu,tasa (2008). ,,Eruo.rriureucrr4rl*r4 reneH(-k, nrr. r^urrp,rr,

{i4{

;,;;;; ),i.,

uu

c,,

3d opau.

r.,"JT;::il"[H"

Jli:HIi:tHIf ilj"l],,

cr,iru'rrh, Ea,raua (2010). ,,L16apcxn Ko-uaruH urr,refy

rpaguureje r cBa*orHeBri r1e,,. Rocoeo
tt Memorufo y tlu6lt.7u3(1t!uJL,Ku.tt t)toKu6u.r.r,l. uefyuapo.ln,n
i"nruran, :6opnux. xnura 1,
Jesurc u ttapodua mpootrtluja (c. lv1u:roparoeuh,
yp ) ko.o".nu Mrrpo"nuu, y,nneprurer
y flpumrauu, @u:ro:o(rcrn rfariylrer: 2:,5
2g9.
Cuxururuh, Bu-q'asa (2012).
,Jnrrcxr reperrcKx parl Ba.'rrauo:rorlrKor rlHcr.uryra cAHy. pa:aoj
I4crpaxlJBaqKilx uri'n']cBa rI -\lcroJa". Tepeucxa
ucfi?paJtcu(Jaha - noenllt1s cy-c.pett1a (M.
IJsarronuh-Eapumr.rh. yp. ). Eeorpag: Er,orpa{cxa
rr...rry, CAHy: I 67_l 9g.
Tpnro-,r,cxa, le:a (1986). ,,Ilpuryr.nau,e
$o.oriropne rpalle r<o;r .lo6aHa
y Ioruc.1y... Sdoptrtrx or)
XXXI xou4tec ua Cojysr.tm ua sdpy:x.errLtjr,.u no
tfuct..tx_tc.tltLrcmurneiro.b,toc.ror:tyo. Oxonje:
:73

:71.

h,proeuh, Ceerua,a (2005). ,,fleprlel.rusna

;lnrureu:uja rp,qapcKe rcp'rHo:roruje: Bece-rrlr
fepnh, locregH,rl rp_rrrrap u: [lrpnua,,. .ilut1e1,;,1
\). )Kueom.y,r,r,r.iour,(6. Cuxuunh, yp.),
Kpalyjeeau, 193 220

Trupnoeuh, Ceer,laua (2008).

,,lI: uapolHe x.rerrufiHe

trroapcxor Ko,rauu,a...

l46ap.xu

Ko_tcttut.ru.

Lt7

Biljana Sikirnii

Ilpupoda u mpadtL4tjcxa Kytmypa (M. Crojauoerh. yp.). Kparyjerau

Ba.i.

Angelova-Georgieva, Rossica (1986). ,,Methodologie des recl.rerches folkloriques sur le terrain:

recherches en prdsence d'un p ublic" . .)6opuux od XYXI xou:pec tta Coj.wom ua x)pv:xeuujama
ua rfto-lxlopucmume Ha Jy:octaeuja. Cxonje: 219 254.
Berg, Harry r'an den (2008). ,,Reanalyzing qualitative interviews fiom clifl'erent angles: the risk
of decontextualization and other problerns of sharing qualitative daI.a". Hi,storicol Socictl
Res

eorr:h

33 I 3

1'7

Calendar
1.

2.

9-1 92.

Bo, Stefan /Veber, Florans (2005). Voclii kroz terensku onketlt. Beograd: Zat.odza udZbenike i
nastavna sredstva.

Boinjakovii, Zarko /Sikirric. Biljana (2013). Btmjevci. Etnodijulektoloika i.cttaiivanjo

Novi Sad: Matica srpska

2009.

Subotica: Nacionalni savet bunjevadke nacionalne 6anjine.

Claynran.StevenE.(2010).,,Questionsinbroadcastjoumalism".
Wh.ycloyouask?TheJiutctionof
questions' in inslilutional discourse (A. Frecd, S. Ehrlich, eds.). New York: Orfbrd Universitv
Press:256 278.

Zrnii. Valentina /Santek, Goran Pavle (2006). Enologija bliskoga.

suyremenih teren.skih istr.ctiitonja. Zagreb: Institut za etnologiju i

Capo Zmegad. Jasna /Gulin

poetiko

i politika

folklolistiku.

Plan. : -

3.

\irle

4.

\\al r,

5.

Har

-,.

6.

App

:.

1.

Goirr--

8.

Mak
\tar

_-

r ilrc

,slcn-l] -

10. Belie:

o1' enclaves: possibilities of transcript

analysis". Symposicr. Journal -for Studies in Ethnologv and Anthropolcrgi,. Craiova: AIUS:

1r:- '*
11. Makir

I J+5.

the

Cirkovii, Svetlana (2008a). ,,stvamost kosovske enklave: autopercepcija tradicionalnog ledenja".

sctvretnena kultura srbct

r'' ,

L). (iotrr-

Cirkovii, Svetlana (2006). ,.Linguistic anthropology

J-r

-l-lt.'

na

Kosovu

i Metohiji

147 18t.

(S. Nedeljkovic. ur.). Krusevac: Baitinik:

Georg

12. Brt t; .'

Alice /Ehrich, Susan (eds.) (201 0). Wht do ,-ou ask? The.funcrion of qttestions in in.stittttional
discourse. New York: Oxlbrd Unir,.ersity press.
Hede5an, Otilija (2005). ,,Jedan teren Tresnjevica u dolini Morave". Bamaurtt ua Ea.txau.y'.
Ilderrmurnem emHLtqKe sajeduutle (8. crxuuuh, yp.). Bcorpag: Ba.lxauo:roruxn r{HCTUryr
CAHY: 13-106.
Sokole'"vicz, Zolia (1986).,,Metodoloika koncepcija ispitivanja u obliku dijaloga". 3doprttrx ot)
XXXI xoutpec ua Lloiysom uu sdptttt'eutldma Ho (to:rxlropucmunte ua Jvzoctaeuia. Cxo;16:
213 218.
Thornborrorv, Joanna (20 1 0). ,,Questions and institutionality in public participation broadcasting".
llth.v do.vott aslr? TheJunction o/ questions in ittstittrtioncrl discotu-se (A. Freed, S. Ehrlich,
Free d,

eds.). Nelr,York: Oxfbrd University press:

13. Ct't,:.-'
lz1. Rai:r: -

I5. \'ittt. - .16. Gatlr- :

17. Thc...-

lE. Thc,.-.
It). Ten.t '- -"
20. Bra,.: 21. Thc. --

279 296.

)2.

-1'h; .

23. I ig

,:

the
i'IllLl

2.1. Th; '

\.|

25. T::'
Agriculttt t'r

118

HO\\r1'Ol\LKA]lOUTPI-ANTS:QUESTIONSOFNI]:ITHODOLOGY

plants in nonAppendix: Basic questionnaire for research on the function of

in
Serbia
material Christian heritage
Calendar holidaYs

olnteals ll'otr variotts seecls ot.t St. Barbara's Day.

2,Planting.uvheatonSt.Nicholas,Daysothatit.urou,'sbyChristnrasEvc.

1.

1-he preparation

3.Yulelog:cuttingtheYtrlcloganclther,l,al.itisusedirrthehotrselrolcl.

4
5.
6.
1.
8.

Walnuts on Chlistr.r.ras El'c.

Hay at Clhristrnas time (and thc actions involvin-g llay)'

fpptes at Cl.rristmas tirre (ancl tl.re actions invoh ing an applc)'

g.
-l0.

11.

Going out to the inf'ertile tl:ee at Christnlas tirne'

Ner'i'
Making the ktletlttr fParticipation in Christmas processiotr] sticl< fbr the
Year.

r'r'ith the
Going out into the Vine,vard otr St. Trvphon's Day (and the actions

vine).

tales aboul a
Belief tales about the old \\roll]all Marta ancl the first grass. Belicf
flo"ver or
frrst
her the
step-motl.rer or a trother in lau r.vho scnds a gill to Llring
the first fi-uit.
Eve o1 St'
Making u,reaths and pickillg hcrbs otr St Gcorge's DaY or orl thc

George's Dav.
and r'vhete)'
12. Brotherhoocl and sisterhood (u,hat hind ot r\'reath is rlade
land'
lJ. Crosses made of clogri ood/haze I on arable
14. Raising the Ma-v Pole (\qvodina).
15. Vitus' grass on Sailrt Vittrs' Da)'.
the Baplist's Day'
16. Gathering grass ancl blaicling u'rcaths on St' John
olr'r,il1or'r cltl Lazartts Saturday
Tlte Ltse ol'grass lll I-rrstcl tillle.

17. The
ffi

rJ.

r-rse

19. Tenclirrg graves on the fir'st Easter

ill

il
$

20.

21.
22.
_-).

tt
{l

24.

Molldal"

Braidirft rvreatlis olgrass at Pentecost' The ttse of the linden brarrch'

RitLral] u'ith plants'
Thc decoratio n of a dOcloltL IParticipatior-r ir-r Rain-invoking
The sanctifi catiotl o1' Il'hcat.
tlce attached to
t-ightrng fires atrcl lr.ral<ing 1lll.s (curr ed bark of a cherry or birch
St. Peter's Day
on
ripe
gt'ow
r.vlrich
the encl oia stick) on St. Peter's Da-v. Apples
year'
arrcl othcr fl'ttit u'hich ripcr.rs tl'rroughout the
Assumptitrn of tlrc
The sanctification oiglapes and other titrit orl the Day olthe

Virgitt Mrr'1 Tt'rltsligttlrrt itrtt.

25. The use o['basil on the da1'ol'the fanrill' Slovo'

Agriculture

l.

Ploughing, sorving atrd harvestitlg fi'Llits ol-the soil'

119

Biljana Sikirnii
2.
J.

4.
5.

Double ears (two ears on

one stalk, dor-rble fiuits).
The last sheaf in the field
6prdotr,:,,rrua7.
Thrcshing grains: rhe d

a1i
its
lru tions
".r.
irrr

6.

Ae

7.

Grape picking.

i"oi., r1::lli:":#r'.i". 'Tf;o*,,,

- I .'"'H

olr ing Iin:eed u,,jh.,.,,p.

ware rmer on e,c

Life Cycle

1'
2'
3'
.
!S

Plant foods which are fbrbidden

fur pregnant and nursing women.
Food wrricrr
pregnant and nursing \
onlen ntust eal.
plants

,:::',i.*r"'nility:

"aa"a

to iooJ. ptants used to protect

the new-born baby

Braiding weddingwreaths.
other prants during weddings (rosernary).
The appre
throwing custom. Making tt
wejJ*g t.e".
Plants used to protect the
"
newlyweaciuple.

Throraing whear w.hire ,rr.

JJ."rr"Jis carried our. Frowers wr.earh

ror rhe
tr-r.;;;;;i"
young prumb tree).
6. Cult trees lzcr1t1.s, ry1i1
"i-r
trees planted on ur aves'
frees struck by lightning l. lilLrs
'
oancrng rn a circle.

deceased' Sor'ving

Translated by

Borislava Erako,,.ii
Copy editor
Alison Kapor

120