_Q1) Comment on Every relation must have a primary key.

Ans)
Q2) Comment on Primary key can be a Super Key but not vice-versa.
Ans)
Q3) What is a functionally complete set in Relational Algebra? Express Intersection,
Division and Join operation in terms of other operators.
Ans)
Q4) Consider the two tables T1 and T2.
P
10
15
25

Q
a
b
a

R
5
8
6

A
10
25
10

B
b
c
b

C
6
3
5

Show the results of the following operations:

a) T1
b) T1
c) T1

T2 where T1.P=T2.A
T2 where T1.Q=T2.B
T2 where T1.P=T2.A

d) T1
T2 where T1.Q=T2.B
e) T1 T2
f) T1
T2 where T1.P=T2.A AND T1.R=T2.C
Ans)
Q5) Discuss insertion,deletion and modification anomalies. Why are they
considered bad? Illustrate with examples.
Ans)

Q6) Consider the following relation:

A
10
10
11
12
13
14

B
b1
b2
b4
b3
b1
b3

C
c1
c2
c1
c4
c1
c4

TUPLE#
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6

a) Given the previous extension(state), which of the following functional

dependencies may hold in the above relation? If the dependency cannot
hold,explain why by specifying the tuples that cause the violation.
i)AB
ii)BC
iii)CB
iv)BA
v)CA
Ans)

b) Does the above relation have a potential candidate key? If it does,what is it?
If not, why not?
Ans)
Q7) Does ordering of tuples and attributes matter in a relation?
Ans)
Q8) Can an attribute of a relation migrate to any participating entity in the relation?
Ans)
Q9) Define
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)

Primary Key
Foreign Key
Candidate Key
Partial Key
Surrogate Key

Q10) How come traditional file system does not support program data
independence?
Ans)
Q11) What is the role of the following users?
a) Database Administrator
b) Nave User
c) Sophisticated End User
Q12) Explain Controlled Redundancy of DBMS.

Ans)
Q13) Write the difference between
a)
b)
c)
d)

Strong Entity and Weak Entity

Database State and Database Schema
Intension and Extension of Database
Left and Right Outer Join

Q14) Discuss the ER notations for

a)
b)
c)
d)

Unary
Derived Attribute
Multivalued Attribute
Weak entity

Q15) Differentiate between Relation and a Flat File

Ans)
Q16) What constraints are violated in case of Insert,Delete and Modify operations?
Ans)
Q17) What does defining,manipulating and sharing of a database mean?
Ans)
Q18) Describe the three-schema architecture. Why do we need mappings between
schema levels? How do different schema definition languages support this
architecture?
Ans)
Q19) What is the difference between logical and physical data independence?
Which one is harder to achieve? Why?
Ans)
Q20) What is the difference between procedural and non-procedural DMLs?
Ans)
Q21) Under what conditions can an attribute of a binary relationship type be
migrated to become an attribute of one of the participating entity types?
Ans)
Q22) Which of the following EER diagram(s) are incorrect and why? State clearly
any saaumptions you make.
a)