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VSRD-IJEECE, Vol. 2 (6), 2012, 337-345

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Green House Monitor and Control

Using Wireless System Network
1

Manish Mittal*, 2Gaurav Tripathi, 3Deepa Chauhan and 4Atul Agarwal

ABSTRACT
The hardware design is an embedded system which will closely monitor and control the climate parameters:
humidity, temperature, soil moisture, light of a greenhouse on a regular basis round the clock for cultivation of
crops or specific plant species which could maximize their production. The system comprises of sensor, ADC,
microcontroller and actuators. When any of the above mentioned climatic parameters cross a safety threshold
which has to be maintained to protect the crops, the sensors sense the change and the microcontroller reads this
from the data at its input ports after being converted to a digital form by the ADC. The microcontroller then
performs the needed actions by employing relays until the strayed-out parameter has been brought back to its
optimum level. A microcontroller is used as the heart of the system; it makes the set-up low-cost and effective
nevertheless. The program implements the Control Algorithms, sending control signals to the smart sensors in
order to reach the desired conditions. As the system also employs an LCD display for continuously alerting the
user about the condition inside the greenhouse, the entire set-up becomes user friendly.
Keywords : WSN, Embedded System, MCU.

1. INTRODUCTION
Many research and projects have been done in order to improve the conditions and cultivation of crops under
greenhouse. Often it is necessary to develop a control system to implement these studies. Wireless sensor
networks (WSN) have recently received a lot of attention in research community because of their continuous
advancement. A greenhouse is a structure with different types of covering materials, like glass or plastic roof
and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is
absorbed by plants, soil, and other things inside the building. Glass is transparent to this radiation. The warmed
structures and plants inside the greenhouse re-radiate this energy in the infra-red, to which glass is partly
opaque, and that energy is trapped inside the glasshouse. Although there is some heat loss due to conduction,
____________________________
1,2,3,4

Research Scholar, Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Galgotia College of Engineering &
Technology, G.Noida, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. *Correspondence : mittal.galgotia@gmail.com

Manish Mittal et al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 2 (6), 2012

there is a net increase in energy (and therefore temperature) inside the greenhouse. Air warmed by the heat from
hot interior surfaces is retained in the building by the roof and wall. These structures range in size from small
sheds to very large buildings. The greenhouses are filled with equipment like screening installations, heating,
cooling, and lighting and may be automatically controlled.

2. DESIGN OF GREENHOUSE CONTROL & MONITOR

An embedded system is designed based on measuring of parameters like humidity, temperature, soil moisture,
light intensity using a MCU AT89S52 which we can display using a LCD display. Design part consists of
hardware and software.

2.1.Hardware Description
To design hardware for green house monitoring various sensors are used to control the environment. The
parameters like green house temperature, humidity, light intensity for green house and soil wetness for crop
growth.
The green House monitoring system consists of sensor circuits, AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD module to
display the parameters, ADC and DAC, receiver and transmitter, and a required power supply unit. The
output of the sensors are given has input to the micro controller to control, display the parameters and
update the owner. Any parameter changing with set parameter for green house systems, the micro controller
will read and stores periodically.

Fig. 1 : Schematic Showing the Green House Monitoring

2.2. Software Description

The software includes the reading of various measurements from sensors, converting analog to digital values,
displaying in the LCD module and updating the user by sending the message for monitoring the green house
The microcontroller AT89S52 is used to do the A/D conversions, display the parameters and updating the
user.

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3. AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system
programmable Flash memory. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or
by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system
programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a
highly-flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. In addition, the AT89S52 is
designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency. The microcontroller used in the green house
monitoring system is AT89S52. It is used to read the various parameters and holds the monitoring program. It
receives the analog voltage signal coming from the sensors. After the conversion into digital signal it checks
weather the sensed data is in the set parameters. If the data does not comes under the set parameters the
microcontroller and shows the data on LCD screen. The various parameters reading program, A/D conversion
program and sending SMS program is done in assembly language.

Fig. 2 : AT89S52 Microcontroller

4. SENSORS
4.1. Temperature Sensor
National Semiconductors LM35 IC has been used for sensing the temperature. It is an integrated circuit sensor
that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in C). The
temperature can be measured more accurately with it than using a thermistor. The sensor circuitry is sealed and
not subject to oxidation, etc. The converter provides accurately linear and directly proportional output signal
in millivolts over the temperature range of 0C to 155C. It develops an output voltage of 10 mV per
degree centigrade change in the ambient temperature. Therefore the output voltage varies from 0 mV at 0C to
1V at 100C and any voltage measurement circuit connected across the output pins can read the temperature
directly.

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Fig. 3 : Schematic for Temperature Sensor

4.2. Humidity Sensor

The humidity sensor HIH4000, manufactured by Honeywell is used for sensing the humidity. It delivers
instrumentation quality RH (Relative Humidity) sensing performance in a low cost, solderable SIP (Single Inline Package). Relative humidity is a measure, in percentage of the vapour in the air compared to the total
amount of vapour that could be held in the air at a given temperature. The sensor develops a linear voltage vs.
RH output that is ratio metric to the supply voltage. That is, when the supply voltage varies, the sensor output
voltage follows in the same proportion. It can operate over a 4-5.8 supply voltage range. At 5V supply voltage,
and room temperature, the output voltage ranges from 0.8 to 3.9V as the humidity varies from 0% to 100%. The
voltage is converted to the digital form by the ADC and then sent as input to the microcontroller which reads the
data.

Fig. 4 : Schematic for Humidity Sensor

4.3. Soil Moisture

A simple humidity sensor (a humidity probe) can be constructed using two copper strips placed as close as
possible to each other, but no touching. A simple humidity sensor (a humidity probe) can be constructed using
two copper strips placed as close as possible to each other, but no touching. This sensor is based on the fact that
water is not pure water which is non conductor, but it is impure which is slightly conductor. Water sensor is
nothing but a series of very close PCB tracks. In normal mode these tracks are not conducting, but when some

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water fall on these tracks these line slightly start conducting and some positive voltage is available at the base of
transistor So NPN transistor is on and NPN transistor provide a negative voltage as a pulse to the
microcontroller.

Fig. 5 : Schematic for Soil Wet Sensor

4.4. Light Intensity Sensor

A simple light intensity sensor can be constructed using light depended resistance (LDR). This simple circuit
can be used to make your simple light intensity detector. The LDR light sensor is used to sense intensity of
light. In the light sensor we use IC LM358 as a main component. Pin no 8 is connected to the positive supply.
Pin no 4 is connected to the negative voltage. One capacitor is grounded from the pin no 3 for noise
cancellation. Output is available on the pin no 1. Sensor is connected to the pin no 3. In case of high intensity of
light LDR is all most shorted so LM 358 gives 5v as soon as light intensity decreases voltage output of LM358
decreases up to 0v. The voltage is inputted to the transistor. By selecting value of variable resister we can
activate transistor at required intensity of light to drive microcontroller by supplying negative pulse.

Fig. 6 : Schematic for Light Intensity Sensor

5. LCD DISPLAY
The display section consists of 16*2 LCD, which used to display Summary of IC being Inserted and result of

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test being conducted. LCDs can add a lot to your application in terms of providing a useful interface for the
user, debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller
is the Hitachi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an LCD. The LCD
interface is a parallel bus, allowing simple and fast reading/writing of data to and from the LCD.
This waveform will write an ASCII Byte out to the LCD's screen. The ASCII code to be displayed is eight bits
long and is sent to the LCD either four or eight bits at a time. If four bit mode is used, two "nibbles" of data
(Sent high four bits and then low four bits with an "E" Clock pulse with each nibble) are sent to make up a full
eight bit transfer. The "E" Clock is used to initiate the data transfer.

Fig. 7 : LCD

6. ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER

The ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog -to- digital
converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses
successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper
stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register.
The 8 channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The clock for the ADC is
generated using the IC 4083, which is a 2-input Schmitt triggered NAND gate. A Schmitt trigger is a
comparator circuit that incorporates positive feedback. The Control pin is pulled high and the capacitor charges
and discharges producing alternate patterns of 0s and 1, generating a square waveform. When the input is
higher than a certain chosen threshold, the output is high; when the input is below another (lower) chosen
threshold, the output is low; when the input is between the two, the output retains its value.

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Fig. 8 : ADC Circuitry

7. IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN HOUSE MONITORING SYSTEMS

7.1. Software Implementation
In the software implementation part we had develop assembly code for measuring temperature, water pH value,
humidity, soil wetness, light intensity, display the parameters in LCD module, serial communication and to send
message to mobile receiver.

7.2. Hardware Implementation

In the hardware implementation part we had assembled, soldered the required components in general purpose
printed circuit board and made connection. We could provide a power supply of +5V DC for Micro controller,
+12V DC for sensor circuits. Finally we had made connection of temperature sensor circuit, pH measure sensor
circuit, humidity sensor circuit; soil wet sensor circuit, light intensity sensor circuit, GSM modem thru serial
communication cable to the AT89S52 micro controller.

Fig. 9 : Complete Hardware

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Fig. 10 : Transmitter and Receiver

8. RESULTS
After the feasible results obtained from the simulation, real time implementation of the green house monitoring
program is done. A hardware kit has been developed and put it on the green house environment. The kit consists
of a power supply unit, various sensors, microcontroller and an ADC. The output from the sensors is
continuously given to the microcontroller. Simultaneously the display is reading in LCD module. In the real
application the entire kit it is fixed on the green house system. When the parameters like temperature, pH,
humidity, soil wetness and light intensity are varied from set parameters, which is continuously monitored and
updated in the mobile receiver.

9. CONCLUSION
A step-by-step approach in designing the microcontroller based system for measurement and control of the four
essential parameters for plant growth, i.e. temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, has been
followed. The results obtained from the measurement have shown that the system performance is quite reliable
and accurate.
The system has successfully overcome quite a few shortcomings of the existing systems by reducing the power
consumption, maintenance and complexity, at the same time providing a flexible and precise form of
maintaining the environment. The continuously decreasing costs of hardware and software, the wider acceptance
of electronic systems in agriculture, and an emerging agricultural control system industry in several areas of
agricultural production, will result in reliable control systems that will address several aspects of quality and
quantity of production. Further improvements will be made as less expensive and more reliable sensors are
developed for use in agricultural production. Although the enhancements mentioned in the previous chapter may
seem far in the future, the required technology and components are available, many such systems have been
independently developed, or are at least tested at a prototype level. Also, integration of all these technologies is
not a daunting task and can be successfully carried out.

10. REFERENCES
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