MM222

Strength of Materials
Lecture 19
Spring 2015
Hafiz Kabeer Raza
Research Associate
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute
Contact: Office G13, Faculty Lobby
raza@giki.edu.pk, hkabeerraza@gmail.com, 03344025392

The actual value of T is 420 lb.ft

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Design of Transmission Shafts

Principal transmission shaft
performance specifications are:
- power
- speed
Designer must select shaft
material and cross-section to
meet performance specifications
without exceeding allowable
shearing stress.

Determine torque applied to shaft at

specified power and speed,
P T 2fT
T

P
2f

Find shaft cross-section which will not

exceed the maximum allowable
shearing stress,
max

Tc
J

J 3
T
c
c 2
max

solid shafts

J
4 4
T

c2 c1
c2 2c2
max

hollow shafts

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Example

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Problem 3.70

Use T/max = J/c2

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

MM222
Strength of Materials
Lecture 20
Spring 2015
Hafiz Kabeer Raza
Research Associate
Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, GIK Institute
Contact: Office G13, Faculty Lobby
raza@giki.edu.pk, hkabeerraza@gmail.com, 03344025392

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Chapter 4

Pure Bending

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Pure Bending

Pure Bending: Prismatic members

subjected to equal and opposite couples
acting in the same longitudinal plane

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Other Loading Types

Eccentric Loading: Axial loading which
does not pass through section centroid
produces internal forces equivalent to an
axial force and a couple

Transverse Loading: Concentrated or

distributed transverse load produces
internal forces equivalent to a shear
force and a couple

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Symmetric Member in Pure Bending

Internal forces in any cross section are equivalent
to a couple. The moment of the couple is equal
to the bending moment of the section.
From statics, a couple M consists of two equal
and opposite forces.

The sum of the components of the forces in any

direction is zero.
The moment is the same about any axis
perpendicular to the plane of the couple and
zero about any axis contained in the plane.

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Bending Deformations
Beam with a plane of symmetry in pure
bending:
member remains symmetric
bends uniformly to form a circular arc
cross-sectional plane passes through arc center
and remains planar
length of top decreases and length of bottom
increases
a neutral surface must exist that is parallel to the
upper and lower surfaces and for which the length
does not change
stresses and strains are negative (compressive)
above the neutral plane and positive (tension)
below it

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Tensile and Compression

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Strain Due to Bending

Consider a beam segment of length L.
Where:
= radius of curvature (length from center of
curvature to the neutral axis)
= the angle subtended by the entire length after
bending
y = the distance of the point where stress/strain is to
be computed from neutral axis (0, c)
After deformation, the length of the neutral surface
remains L. Length at other sections above or below,
L y
L L y y

x
m

L
c

or

y
c

x m

(strain varies linearly)

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

Stress Due to Bending

For a linearly elastic material,
y
c

x E x E m
y
m (stress varies linearly)
c

M y x dA y m dA
c

I
M m y 2 dA m
c
c
Mc
m
, I sec tion moment of inertia
I
y
Substituti ng x m
c
My
x
I

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Spring 2015

MM222 Strength of Materials

By Hafiz Kabeer Raza

Beam Section Properties

The maximum normal stress due to bending,
Mc M

I
S
I section moment of inertia

I
section modulus
c

A beam section with a larger section modulus

will have a lower maximum stress
Consider a rectangular beam cross section,
3
1
I 12 bh
S
16 bh3 16 Ah
c
h2

Between two beams with the same cross

sectional area, the beam with the greater depth
will be more effective in resisting bending.
Structural steel beams are designed to have a
large section modulus.