Introduction

Most accidents can be prevented by taking simple measures or

adopting proper working procedures. This handbook is intended to
outline important issues on safety and health that should be paid
attention to in constructing the batch project for easy reference by the
workers. If we work carefully and take appropriate safety measures,
there will definitely be fewer and even prevent any kind of work injury
cases, thus, the project area will become a safe and secure place to
work in.
What is Safety?
Safety is the state of being "safe", the condition of being protected
against physical, social, spiritual, financial, political, emotional,
occupational, psychological, educational or other types or
consequences of failure, damage, error, accidents, harm or any other
event which could be considered non-desirable. Safety can also be
defined to be the control of recognized hazards to achieve an
acceptable level of risk. This can take the form of being protected from
the event or from exposure to something that causes health or
economic losses. It can include protection of people or of possessions.

Benefits of Safety
Benefits of Safety
Accidents and ill-health cost businesses money, in lost time, lost skills,
insurance premium hikes, legal proceedings, etc. The benefits of
effective health and safety management to small businesses are very
significant. There is clear evidence that effective health and safety
management contributes directly to overall business success. This is
true across all industry sectors and amongst businesses of all shapes
and sizes.
Addressing health and safety should not be seen as a regulatory
burden: it offers significant opportunities. Benefits can include:
1.

Reduced costs;

2.

Reduced risks;

3.

Lower worker absence and turnover rates;

4.

Fewer accidents;

5.

Lessened threat of legal action;

Purpose of Safety

6.

Improved standing among suppliers and partners;

The purpose of safety training is to provide the knowledge necessary

to perform a job safely by establishing expectations for workers on
how to perform job tasks. Knowledge acquired by participation in
training is one of the methods used to create an effective safety
culture. Failure to participate in mandatory safety training exposes the
individual to risk of injury. This not only impacts our ability to conduct
our mission, but it also places the college in a state of non-complianc e
with various safety regulations

7.

Better reputation for corporate responsibility among investors ,

customers and communities;

8.

Increased productivity, because

happier and better motivated.

workers

are healthier,

Personnel
The following are exclusive provisions of dissemination of authority
and duties. All personnel in the organizational chart including batch
involved shall carefully read, understand and adhere to the
implementation of authority of this safety manual and its personnel.
The project shall be in full administration of the Aeronautical
Engineering course chairperson. (Refer to Appendix A)

a.

b.

The Batch Project Adviser duly assigned by the course

chairperson. One or more advisers can be assigned based on
the discretion of the Aeronautical Engineering course
chairperson.

The Batch Project Head has the authority to the whole batch.
The batch project head must be fully aware of this safety
manual as well as the general guidelines in promoting the
safety of the whole batch. He is duly appointed by the
Aeronautical Engineering course chairperson. He has the
authority to choose the Department Heads. He shall hold
regular meetings for the whole batch to keep them informed
of the progress.

c.

Each section of the 5th year must have a representative and

shall be appointed as the Assistant Batch Project Head.
Their primary duty is to substitute the Batch Project Head in
case his/her absence. However, if the manufacturing process
to be done can be considered critical, he cannot facilitate the
continuation of the project.

d.

The Technical Department Head shall oversee the technical

aspect of the project. This includes the facilitation of the
technical papers, documentation, research papers, and
design of the overall project.

The Technical Department shall be composed of:

1. Documentation
2. Research
3. Design
e.

The Manufacturing Department shall oversee the

manufacturing aspect of the project. This includes the actual
building, fabrication and assembly of the project. He must also
ensure that all the workers are properly wearing their own
Personal Protective Equipment before a job is done.

The Manufacturing Department shall be composed of:

1. Fabrication
2. Assembly
f.

The Logistics Department shall oversee the purchasing,

delivery, ordering of shipments, acquisition of raw materials
and other supplies need to accomplish the project.

The Logistics Department shall be composed of:

1. Transportation
2. Purchasing
g.

The Finance Department shall oversee the monetary aspect

of the project. This includes the collection of payments, proper
documentation and liquidation of the expenses and auditing.
They must submit and report financial status to the Cours e
Chairperson, Batch Project Adviser and Batch Project Head
as well as to the whole batch on their regular meetings.

The Finance Department shall be composed of:

1. Treasurer
2. Auditor

Tools (DOs and DONTs)

Definition of the Workplace

The portion of a work place that is restricted by the angles of sight, the
range of human movements and the posture assumed by the operator
while working.

1.

Handsaw and Hacksaw

Work areas are classified as optimum, convenient and critical with

respect to each other. The proper determination of a work area zone
is important requirement for the efficient organization of the workplace.
The following work places shall be determined, unless otherwis e
allowed by the building administrator, course chairperson and faculty
adviser of the project, as the only areas where the batch project shall
be done:
a.
b.
c.

Airframe Shop
Powerplant Shop
Rear part of the gym

DOS

DONTS

Wear a Safety Mask and

Goggles

Never Test Sharpness with

Hands

Inspect Hand Saw before Every

Use

Do not make free-hand cuts on

the table saw.

Check Material for Knots or

Nails

Do not wear gloves while

operating a table saw.

Start Slowly

Do not carry on a conversation

while cutting.

Ensure that the Material is Kept

Firmly in Place
Use Full Length Strokes
Directed Away from Your Body,
Keep the floor in front of the saw
free of cut-offs and piled up
sawdust.
Position your body so that it is
NOT in line with the blade.

2.

Snips

DOS

3.

DONTS

Wear safety goggles when

using snips.

Never cut sheet metal that is

thicker than 0.062-inches.

Be careful of the sharp edges

on the cutting edges of these
tools.

Do not use "cheater bars" on

handles of snips.

Wear gloves when working

with snips.
Use snips for cutting soft metal
only
Use the right size and type of
snips for the job on hand.

Dont use snips as a hammer,

a screwdriver or a pry bar
Do not attempt to resharpen a
snip blade in a sharpening
device designed for scissors,
garden tools or cutlery

Hammer

DOS

DONTS

Wear appropriate eye protection

since flying debris from shattered
materials can injure your eyes.

Do not try to do hammering work

on carpet or other soft surfaces,
since it requires more energy.

Check the hammer before use.

Never leave hammers and other

tool strewn about in your work
area

Get a firm grip on the handle

Hold the hammer at the end of
the handle.
Hit your surface squarely with
the hammer.
Use your whole arm and elbow.
Place your work against a hard
surface.
Work in a natural position.
Check before you swing.

Never use a light weight hammer

on tasks that require heavy
blows.
Never use a hammer with a split
or damaged handle.
Never use a hammer with a
loose handle.

4.

Angle Grinder

DOS

5.

DONTS

Visually inspect the tool and all

wheels for possible damage
before mounting.

Do not use a cracked wheel or

one that has been dropped or
damaged.

Always use a safety guard that

covers at least one-half of the
grinding wheel.

Do not force the wheel onto the

tool or alter the size of the
mounting hole. If it doesnt fit,
dont use it.

Wear safety goggles or some

sort of eye protection during
grinding.
Handle and store wheels
carefully. Avoid dropping or
bumping them.
Check the mounting flanges for
equal and correct diameter.
They should be at least onethird the diameter of the wheel
and relieved around the hole.
Run a newly mounted wheel at
operating speed for at least one
minute before grinding.

Do not exceed the maximum

operating speed specified by the
manufacturer.
Do not over tighten the
mounting nut.
Do not stand in front of the
grinding wheel when the grinder
is turned on.
Do not grind material that the
wheel is not intended to grind.

Bench Grinder

DOS

DONTS

Use shield plates or other means

to protect operators from sparks.

Do not use a grinding wheel that

was dropped or subjected to other
impact, or a grinding wheel where
any abnormality was found during
inspection.

Wear safety goggles, dust-proof

mask, and other necessary
protective gear during operation.
Use a grinding wheel cover which
covers at least one half of the
grinding wheel at all times.
Balance the wheel with balancing
weights.
Check that the outer diameters
and contact widths of the
mounting flanges are equal and
correct on the left and right sides.
Check
that
the
maximum
operating speed and dimensions
are correct for the machine where
it will be used.

When mounting onto the flanges,

do not over-tighten the nuts.
Do not use the side of the wheel
unless the wheel is specifically
designed for that purpose.
Do not start the machine before
the grinding wheel cover is
installed.
Do not use excessive force to
press the work piece against the
grinding wheel, or the grinding
wheel against the work piece.
Do not directly touch a rotating
grinding wheel with any part of
your body.

6.

Arc Welder

7.

DOS

DONTS

Make sure the area is well

ventilated
to prevent
the
accumulation of toxic fumes or
gases.

Never weld directly on a wooden

floor. Wet down or protect any
flooring that could burn.

Check for potential fire hazards.

Make sure there are no
combustible materials nearby.
Wear pants without cuffs; avoid
clothes and gloves with snags,
tears or worn spots
Wear a welding helmet
Wear a fire-resistant shirt,
coveralls, apron, pants and/or
chaps
Wear fire-resistant gloves
Wear a respirator
Wear goggles

Never direct a torch toward

another person while it is being
lighted.
Never weld, cut or do related
work on drums, barrels or tanks.
They could explode.
Dont weld near rooms where
flammables are stored.
Don't Use equipment thats
defective or not in good repair.
Don't Weld with upturned
sleeves or collars because
sparks could get caught in them.

Electric / Pneumatic Drill

DOS

DONTS

Always
check
for
any
electricity cables running
through the wall before you
start drilling.

Never wear loose clothing or

dangling jewelry which could
catch in the drill as you lean
over it.

The drill bit will become hot

with use so keep your hands
off it.

Never hold the drill bit while

the drill is spinning

Make sure you use the correct

drill bit for the type of wall you
are drilling into.
Always use a proper purpos e
made extension cord if you
need a longer wire for your
drill and never pick the drill up
by its cord.
Always wear safety goggle

Do not drop the drill as this

may damage it.
Do not use a drill bit that is not
designed for your specific
task

Personal Protective Equipment

1.

Safety Glasses

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT LIST

Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as "PPE", is
equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards.
Examples of PPE include such items as gloves, foot and eye
protection, protective hearing devices (earplugs, muffs) hard hats,
respirators and full body suits.
PPE should always be worn when inside the workplace to avoid
injuries and fatalities when working on something. The following are
the basic PPEs that should always be present in every workplace:
Personal Protective Equipment (Eye and face protection)
A. EYE AND FACE PROTECTION

Types of eye/face hazards

Impact
Heat
Chemicals
Dust
Light and/or radiation

Much stronger and more resistant to impact and heat than

regular glasses
Equipped with side shields that give you protection from
hazards that may not be directly in front of you
Should fit comfortable on face through all job tasks. Ensure
that glasses are not too big or too tight.

Limitation: Does not seal around eyes, could allow small droplets to
come in contact with eyes

Note:

Ensure your safety glasses fit properly. Eye size, bridge size
and temple length all vary. Safety glasses should be
individually assigned and fitted.
Wear safety glasses so that the temples fit comfortably over
the ears. The frame should be as close to the face as possible
and adequately supported by the bridge of the nose.

2.

Goggles

Surround eye area, they give you more protection in situations

where you might encounter splashing liquids, fumes, vapors ,
powders, dusts and mists

3.

Face Shields

Full face protection

Used around operations which expose you to molten metal,

chemical splashes or flying particles

Limitation:

Uncomfortable to wear with other head gear lik e helmet, ear

muffs or respirator

Limitations:

Are not considered eye protection, will need to wear goggles

or glasses underneath
Can fog up if work ing in poorly ventilated area

4.

Welding Helmets

CARE FOR EYE AND FACE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT

Provide both face and eye protection

Use special absorptive lenses that filter the intense light and
radiant energy that is produced during welding operations

Clean your eye protection equipment. You can usually use

mild soap and water. Never use abrasive soaps, rough
paper, or cloth towels
Keep PPE in good working condition. If damaged, replace as
soon as possible
Store your eye protection equipment in a sanitary, cool, dry
area away from moisture
Read the manufacturer's directions and warnings before
using any eye protection equipment

Contact Lenses: wear your contact lenses with caution if you work
in areas where you might be exposed to fumes, dusts, powders,
vapors, chemical splashes, molten metals, or intense heat, light or
glare. Some chemicals can react with contact lenses and cause
permanent injury.

Limitations:

Heavy and hot, fog up

Must wear safety glasses or goggles underneath helmet

B. HEAD PROTECTION
Types of head hazards

Impact
Electric shock
Drips

Personal Protective Equipment (Head protection)

1.

6.

Hard Hats

Never carry persona belongings such as cigarettes, lighters,

or pens in your hard hat

C. HAND PROTECTION
Types of hand hazards:

A rigid shell that resists and deflects blows to head

A suspension system inside that hat that acts as a shock

absorber

Some hats serve as an insulator against electrical shocks

Shields your scalp, face, and neck against splashes, spills

and drips

Proper use of hard hat

1.

Always wear your hard hat while you are working in areas
where there are potential head hazards

2.

Adjust the suspension inside you hard hat so that the hat sits
comfortably, but securely on your head

3.

Inspect the shell of you hard hat for cracks, gouges, and
dents. Inspect the suspension system for frayed or broken
straps. If you hard hat needs to be repaired, have it repaired
immediately or provide a new one

4.

Place plastic (non-metal) reflective tape on hat if working at

night

5.

Never paint, scratch or drill air holes in your hard hat

Traumatic Injuries
Contact Injuries
Repetitive Motion Injuries

Personal Protective Equipment (Hand protection)

1.

Gloves

It is important to wear gloves when working with hazardous chemicals

and other materials because they protect our hands from infection and
contamination. Protective gloves should be selected on the basis of
the hazards involved.

1.1. Leather gloves

Shields your hands from rough surfaces

These should be used when welding, as the leather can resist
sparks and moderate heat. The risk of cuts and abrasions also
can be minimized by wearing leather gloves.

1.3. Vinyl Gloves

Protects your hands against toxic chemicals

Chemicals: hydraulic fluids, gasoline, alcohols and organic
acids

1.4 Heat-resistant Gloves

1.2. Rubber Gloves

Protects you when working around electricity

Required when working in any kind of voltage application and
can prevent electrical shock, arc flash, and arc blast. Thes e
items have been voltage rated and may offer some abrasion
resistance as well.

Protects your hands from heat and flames

Gloves offer superior protection to industrial processes that
may put a worker's hands near open flame or sparks. Thes e
are usually less durable than firefighters gloves, but are also
subject to less labor. They provide additional puncture
resistance in industrial tasks.

1.5 Padded-cloth Gloves

Personal Protective Equipment (Foot protection)

1.1 Steel toe footwear

Protects your hands from sharp edges, slivers, dirt and

vibration
These can keep hands clean and protect against abrasions,
but may not be strong enough to handle work with rough or
sharp materials.

Protects the foot from falling objects or compression, usually

combined with a mid-sole plate to protect against punctures
from below.

1.2 Nitrile footwear

D. FOOT PROTECTION
The human foot is rigid enough to support the weight of your entire
body, and yet flexible enough to allow you to run, dance, play sports,
and to take you anywhere you want to go. Without your feet and toes,
your ability to work at your job would be greatly reduced.
Types of Foot Hazards

Impact Injuries
Injuries from Spills and Splashes
Compression Injuries
Electrical Shocks
Extremes in Cold, Heat, and Moisture
Slipping

resists animal fats, oils, and chemicals

resists chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery
surfaces

E. BODY PROTECTION
Types of body hazards:

Temperature stress
o Exposure to heat (hot metals) or cold (dry ice) which
results in burns
Chemical Contact
o Chemical splash
o Contact with potentially infectious materials
Radiation

SAFETY TIPS

Personal Protective Equipment (Body protection)

1.

Apron and sleeves

Works well when pouring or manipulating chemical to reduce

splash
Make sure the sleeves and aprons are appropriate for the
chemical

Use the proper tool for the designated task.

Frequent use of inadequate or poorly designed equipment
will eventually lead to health hazards.
Never carry/yank a tool by its cord or hose. Also be sure to
keep these cords or hoses far from oil, heat, water, and
sharp edges.
Protect your ears and eyes from intense noises and
vibrations; opt for power tools with lower vibrations, muffled
noises, and longer trigger tools.
Ensure hand tools do not conduct heat or electricity.
Maintain good posture and balance the tools in correct
alignment to your body at all times.
Keep other people well away from machine-operating areas.
Consider investing on a construction safety program for your
employees.
Always be aware of your surroundings. Have a care for
overhead lines, obstructions, low clearances, underground
utilities, and other such obstacles that could prove to be a
nuisance or a lethal hazard.
Know,
understand,
and
follow
your
workspaces
comprehensive safety program issued for that specific
workspace, job position, and task at hand.
Dont use damaged tools; examine each one before its use to
ensure that it is in proper working condition. Maintain tools in
good, clean working order.

Schedule of Work

DURING THE JOB

The Manufacturing Head together with the Fabrication and Assembly

Officers shall request approval of the tasks to be done ahead of time.
One or two weeks before a job is to be done, they shall submit it to the
batch project adviser for endorsement.

Presence of Instructor / Batch Project Head / Manufacturing

Department Head

A task card must also be submitted with complete details of the work
subject for approval.

Safety Procedures on How to Use or Wear PPE

(Refer to Appendix B for a Task Card)

Requirements of Manpower
The batch project shall be done only in the presence of any of the
following officers:
a.
b.
c.

Batch Project Adviser

Batch Project Head
Manufacturing Head

No work shall be done in the absence of the supervision of the officers .

The required number of students shall be determined by the
Manufacturing Head duly written in the Task Card.

Safety Procedures on How to Use Specific Equipment

Horseplay
Horseplay is rough or boisterous play or pranks that occur at the
workplace. Horseplay can be activities such as joking that includes
physical contact, playing around, racing, grabbing, foolish vehicle
operation, and social pressure to participate in unsafe acts,
harassment, and unauthorized contests. There is probably at least
one on every job - the practical joker - the smart aleck who likes to
make a bid for laughs and attention by playing jokes on fellow workers.
Playing jokes and having fun with your co-workers may break up the
day and make work more interesting, but it can lead to serious injuries
and sometimes be deadly.

Workplace Rules Ban Horseplay because its Dangerous

A. Horseplay is usually a friendly, physical way to let off steam.
But that type of fooling around is dangerous on the job
because:
1.

When youre fooling around, youre not concentrating on

your work.

2.

Directing your horseplay at others is even more

dangerous. Theyre not expecting the distraction and
could easily have an accident such as falling into a
moving machine part, slipping on the floor, dropping a
tool, etc.

(Refer to Appendix B for a Task Card)

3.

4.

Giving less than full concentration and attention to safety

procedures makes you less likely to notice or account for
hazards until it may be too late.
Most accidents are caused by
horseplay itself is an unsafe act.

unsafe

actsand

Take Your Job, Your Responsibilities, and Safety Seriously

A. Youre responsible for performing your job safely.
1.

Safety rules and procedures are designed to protect you.

2.

Everyone must follow safety rules.

Horseplay Creates Unnecessary Risks

A. You can prevent most workplace accidents by being alert to
hazards and following safety rules. You cant do either when
you indulge in horseplay. That creates risks. For example:
1.

2.

Running, chasing, or pushing can cause slips, trips, falls,

and other accidents. You may:
a.

Not notice spills or items lying on the floor

b.

Lose your footing

c.

Crash into, or push someone else into, heavy

equipment or moving parts

d.

Knock boxes or materials on to a person

e.

Knock over open containers of hazardous substances

Throwing tools is a frequent cause of injuries. They may:

a.

Stab someone with a sharp edge.

b.

Hit someone in the head, eye, foot, etc., and cause

an injury.

c.

Bounce off a wall, table, or other surface and hit

someone.

d.

Fall from a height and hit a person below with

tremendous impact.

3.

4.

a.

Failure to follow the rules is dangerousfor you and

for others.

b.

Horseplay and other safety rule violations can lead to

disciplinary action.

Dont indulge in horseplay or accuse those who wont go

along of having no sense of humor.
a.

Think how bad you would feel if your

horseplay injured or sickened someone
else maybe seriously.

b.

Think how foolish you would feel if with your

horseplay you injured or sickened yourself.

Dont allow other people to engage you in horseplay.

Types of Horseplay
Running, chasing, pushing
and things that can cause
tripping, slipping, falling and
other accidents.

Risks
Not notice spills or items lying on
the floor
Lose your footing
Crash into, or push someone else
into, heavy equipment or moving
parts

AFTER THE JOB

Cleaning the Workplace
The following are basic ways on how to clean the workplace (PATTS
facilities) after using it. It is imperative to leave the workplace in a
clean condition such that:
a.

All the proper tools had been returned to their corresponding

areas.

b.
Knock boxes or materials on to a
person

Throwing or pointing tools

Infection control procedures relating to cleanliness in the workplace

include:

Knock over open containers of

hazardous substances

1.

Regularly wash the floors and surfaces such as tables and

bench tops with hot water and detergent

You may stab someone with a

sharp edge.

2.

Wash walls and ceilings periodically

3.

Mops brushes and cloths should be thoroughly washed and

dried after every use. Drying mops and cloths is particularly
important.

4.

Use disinfectants to clean up blood and other spills of bodily

fluids.

5.

When using disinfectants always wear gloves, clean the

surface before using the disinfectant, and always follow the
manufacturers instructions exactly.

6.

Spot clean when necessary

7.

Dealing with spills of body fluids

Hit someone in the head, eye, foot,

etc., and cause an injury.
Bounce off a wall, table, or other
surface and hit someone.
Fall from a height and hit a person
below with tremendous impact.

Proper Waste Disposal

Procedures and requirements are different for hazardous
and extremely hazardous chemical waste.

B. Select compatible Containers

Chemical compatibility:
o

Choose a container chemically compatible with the

material it will hold. Chemicals must not react with,
weaken, or dissolve the container or lid.

Follow these basic compatibility guidelines:

Check the list of Known Hazardous and Extremely Hazardous

Wastes for your material.

(Refer to Appendix C)

A. Designate a hazardous waste storage area

1.

2.

Select an area that is:

Near where the waste is generated
Under the control of lab personnel
Out of the way of normal lab activities
Label the area with a "Danger Hazardous Waste" sign.

Make the area easily accessible and recognizable to the

personnel working in the area.

Acids or bases: Do not store in metal.

Hydrofluoric acid: Do not store in glass.

Gasoline (solvents): Do not store or

transport
in
lightweight
polyethylene
containers such as milk jugs.

Read Chemical Compatibility Guidelines for more

detailed information.

(See Appendix C)

3.

Caps and closure:

o

Use waste containers with leak-proof, screw-on

caps so contents can't leak if a container tips over.
Corks,
parafilm, and beakers are
NOT
ACCEPTABLE.

If necessary, transfer waste material to a container

that can be securely closed. Label the new container.

Keep waste containers closed except when adding

waste.

Wipe down containers prior to your scheduled

collection date.

D. Liquid Waste Requirements

Size:
Choose appropriately sized containers. Store smaller
quantities in smaller containers. It's not cost effect ive
to dispose of 50 milliliters of material in a 4 liter
container.

DO NOT OVERFILL liquid waste containers. Leave a sizable

amount of head space in the container to allow for expansion
and safe transportation 10% head space is a good rule
of thumb.

Do not mix solids with liquid waste. Containers found to

contain solids during processing by EH&S hazardous waste
technicians will be returned to the generator for separation.
See guidelines for solid chemical waste below.

Liquid-filled small containers such as vials and Eppendorf

tubes:

Secondary containment:
o

ALWAYS place your container in a secondary

container to:
o

Capture spills and leaks from the primary

container

Segregate incompatible hazardous wastes,

such as acids and bases

C. Tag every waste container

Attach a completed hazardous waste tag to the

container before you begin using the container to accumulate
and store waste.

Cross out all other labels on the container. Do not obliterat e

the original product label; waste technicians need to see what
the container held before it was designated as a waste
receptacle.

Double-bag containers in clear plastic bags to allow

visual inspection

Containers bagged together must contain liquids or

liquid mixtures with the same chemical constituents.

Seal each bag individually.

Accurately list the bag's contents and chemical

constituents on the hazardous waste tag.

Organic solvents:
o

Halogenated and non-halogenated organic solvent s

may be mixed together in the same waste container.

Do not combine organic solvents with toxic metal

waste!

Oils:
o

Accumulate recyclable oil separately from oils

contaminated with solvents, halogens, laboratory
chemicals, or fuels.

Oils containing traces of mercury, lead, or other

regulated metals are excluded from the recycling
program.

Sharps and piercing objects: Sharps are items capable of

puncturing, piercing, or tearing regular waste bags. Examples
include pipettes, pipette tips, and broken glass. Sharps
require special packaging.

Container

E. Dry and Solid Waste Requirements

Chemically contaminated solid waste includes 3 categories that are
packaged differently for disposal: lab trash, dry chemicals, and sharps
and piercing objects.

Lab trash: Examples include absorbent paper products, Kim

Wipes, gloves, bench coat, and other lab supplies. Follow
these guidelines:
o

Double-bag the waste in clear plastic bags to allow

visual inspection by EH&S waste technicians. If
contents cannot be visually inspected, EH&S cannot
collect the bag.

Seal each bag individually.

Accurately list the bag's contents and chemical

constituents on the hazardous waste tag.

Dispose of solid reagent

manufacturer's container.

Label the container with a hazardous waste tag.

chemicals

in

the

Choose a rigid, leak-proof, puncture-resistant sharps

container. Containers sold on Marketplace fit most
needs.

Remove or deface any labels or biohazard symbols

that may be on the container.

Disposal
o

Seal the full container with tape so it can't be easily

opened.

Place the sealed container in the regular trash.

F. Unknown or Unidentified chemical waste

Unknown or unidentified chemicals are considered hazardous waste.
Processing and disposal of unknowns is particulary expensive
because they must be handled with great care and caution. Please
make every effort to avoid "unknowns" by diligently labeling and dating
inventory.

Once found, ask others working in the area if they know what
the material is.

If the material can be identified:

Dry chemicals:
o

Label it with a hazardous waste tag.

If the material can't be identified:

IN CASE OF EMERGENCY

Label it with a hazardous waste tag.

What is EMERGENCY?

Write "Unknown" on the tag.

Write on the waste tag any known information.

Include:

Emergencies are incidents that threaten public safety, health and

welfare. If severe or prolonged, they can exceed the capacity of first
responders, local fire fighters or law enforcement officials. Such
incidents range widely in size, location, cause, and effect, but nearly
all have an environmental component. To anticipate the variety ,
consider:

Type of lab that material was found

Age of the material

Action to Stop the Current Hazards from Escalating

Request a hazardous waste collection.

G. Storage time and quantity limits

Time: All hazardous waste must be collected within 90 days

from when waste is first put into containers.

Quantity: Up to 55 gallons of any individual hazardous waste

may be stored before it must be collected.
o

When 55 gallons or more of hazardous waste

accumulates, the waste must be collected within 3
days.

Basic Fire Prevention Measures:

Always keep ignition sources and fuels separated.

Never use frayed or cracked electrical cords.

Keep flammable liquids in a secured area posted with warning

signs that identify the flammable hazard. Store flammable
liquids in unbreakable containers with securely fastened caps.

Never overload a circuit by plugging too many appliances or

equipment into one receptacle.

Prior to exiting a work area, turn off or disconnect non essential lights, appliances, machinery, and equipment.

Immediately report to your supervisor any work conditions that

appear to constitute a fire hazard.

Provide fire extinguishers in the workplace. Thes e

extinguishers are useful for small fires as they work just a
short while. Learn how to use a fire extinguisher and make
sure the pressure is at the right level.

Ways to Prevent Electrical Hazards:

Always plug into a GFCI. Ground Fault Circuit Interrupt er

protection is required at every plug-in point associated with
your jobsites temporary electrical supply right down to
extension cords.
Check each extension cord before use. Ensure that insulation
is completely intact (free from cracks, tears, or abrasion) and
that power extension cables havent been knotted, which can
cause conductor damage and increase the risk of fire.

Do a thorough check for electrical wiring before use.

Inspect power tools on a regular basis. Look over the tools

power cords and plugs for any sign of damage to the
insulation, blades, or grounding pin.

Check insulated tools for damage before each use. Once the
insulation layer of an insulated hand tool becomes nicked,
cracked or cut, the tool is no longer effectively insulated it
actually becomes more of an electrical conductor, and can
increase your risk of injury.

Never modify electrical plugs.

Keep extension cords in a safe place where they wont be

stepped on or driven over.

Use the right extension cord for the job. Before you plug in,
make sure that the wattage rating of the extension cord youre
using is greater than the pull (or power requirement) of the
equipment its powering.

Ways to Prevent Chemical Hazards:

Always read the label on the chemical bottle.

Always follow the directions and precautions listed on the

label.

Never use a chemical if you are unsure what it is or how to

protect yourself.

Always take the time to protect yourself and those working

around you.

Always dispose of a chemical properly. Every municipality has

a household hazardous waste drop-off location. For safe
disposal of chemical products at work, contact your health and
safety representative.

Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Fire Extinguisher Codes

Fire extinguishers meeting BS EN3 are manufactured with a red body
and have a band of a second color covering between 5-10% of the
surface relating to the extinguishers contents. Each different type of
extinguisher agent has a corresponding color making identification
easier for the user.

Current Fire Extinguisher Color Codes

Fire Extinguisher Classes

Fires are identified using a classification system. Each class identifies
the type of fuel involved and allows appropriate fire extinguisher media
to be identified.

NFPA 704: Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards

of Materials for Emergency Response
Standard maintained by the U.S.-based National Fire Protection
Association.
NFPA Diamond

The four divisions are typically color-coded:

(Red) Flammability Hazard is the ability of a substance to burn or
ignite, causing fire or combustion.

(Blue)Health Hazard is the state of events which has the potential to

threaten the surrounding natural environment and adversely affect
people's health.

(Yellow) Instability Hazard refers to the susceptibility of the chemical

to dangerous decomposition.

(White) Specific Hazards is "special notice" area can contain several

symbols. The following symbols are defined by the NFPA 704
standard.

OX

- Oxidizer, allows chemicals to burn without an air supply

- Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner

A. Fire-Related Incidents

SA

- Simple asphyxiant gas. Specifically limited to the following

gases: nitrogen, helium,neon, argon, krypton and xenon.

First aid treatment for fire related accidents:

ACID

- Material is an acid

ALK

- Material is a base (alkaline)

Burns A burn is damage to your bodys tissues caused by heat,

chemicals, electricity, sunlight or radiation. Scalds from hot liquids and
steam, building fires and flammable liquids and gases are the most
common causes of burns.

COR

- Material is corrosive

If on fire:

- Material is radioactive

Each of health, flammability and reactivity is rated on a scale from 0

(no hazard) to 4 (severe risk)

FIRST AID TREATMENT

1.
2.
3.

Stop, Drop, Cover and Roll

Smother the flames with a blanket
Move away from heat source

For burn injuries:

There are three types of burns:

General First-Aid Measures

If the victim is burned with fire apply cold applications,

immerse the burned area in cold water role the burned person
on the ground, or cover with water socked thick cloth or
blanket and put out the fire. If the accident is of electric source,
quickly disconnect at the electric meter or check point, or use
rope wooden stick, dried cloth etc. to disconnect;

Move the victim from the accident place to avoid further injury;

Loosen and/or remove burned dresses and lay down the

victim on his/her back and let him/her breathe fresh air and
ensure that no foreign objects have entered and blocked the
passage of the respiratory system;

If the victim is not breathing properly, initiate mouth to mouth

artificial respiration;

Thoroughly check the wound to determine the size, and the

degree of burn;

a. First-degree burns damage only the outer layer of the skin

- Redness or Discoloration
- Mild swelling and pain
- Rapid healing
b. Second-degree burns damage the outer layer underneath
-

Redness and mottled appearance

Blisters
Severe pain and swelling
Prone to infection

c. Third-degree burns damage or destroy the deepest layer of skin

and tissues underneath
- Deep tissue distraction
- White appearance
- No pain and blisters
- Complete loss of all layers of skin

Measures for First Degree Burn

STEP 1:

Apply cold running (tap) water for at least 10-20 minutes or

submerged the burned area.

If the wound is minor and small, clean daily the area with
boiled cold water cover it with clean cloth to prevent contact
with flies, if the wound located is in a joint, immobilize the joint
area until the wound is cured;

If the wound is from boiled water, chemical (acid), take out

his/her dress and cover it with clean cloth.

STEP 2:

Immediately cover the burn with a clean plastic wrap or clean

plastic bag to prevent further irritation or infections.

Note: Do NOT use ice, butter, creams as a substitute to the plastic

bag etc.

Note: If running water not available, wet 2 cloths and alternate them
onto the burn every 2 minutes

Remove clothing and jewelry as they can hold heat on the

burn and jewelry can stop blood flow to the burn.

Measures for Second and Third Degree Burn

If the victim is conscious, his/her respiratory parts such as

mouth, nose and throat are free from burn injury and give
him/her frequently plenty of liquid such as ORS or similar
solution (prepare the solution from eight tea spoons of sugar,
one spoon salt in one liter of boiled cold water).

If the victim is a child below two years old give it one spoon
every two minutes and if the child is over two years give it with
a cup or glass in small amount every two minutes;

Advise the victim or his family to get tetanus toxoid vaccine;

Refer the victim to the nearest health facility with the following
signs:
1.

If the victim is drowsy, restless and has breathing

problem;

2.

If the victim has burns on his face, eye, extremities, joints

and around genital organs;

3.

If the source of the burn is electrical, chemical or thunder;

4.

If the patient has chronic disease such as epilepsy,

diabetes etc.; and

5.

If the burn accident is on elderly persons or children,

B. Electrical-Related Incidents
First Aid for Electric Shock Victims
1.

Dont touch the victim and the source of electricity. The current
can pass through you also.

2.

Unplug the appliance or turn off the power at the control panel.
If you cant turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a
broom handle, dry rope or dry clothing to separate the victim
from the power source.

3.

Do not try to move a victim touching a high voltage wire. Call

emergency for help.

4.

Keep the victim lying down. Unconscious victims should be

placed on their side to allow drainage of fluids. Do not move
the victim if there is a suspicion of neck or spine injuries unless
absolutely necessary.

First Aid for Electrical Burn Victims

Electrical burns vary in severity depending upon:

5.

If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mout h

resuscitation. If the victim has no pulse, begin
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

1.

How long the body is in contact with the electric current

2.

The strength of the current

3.

The type of current

4.

The direction the current takes through the body

Often these burns are deep. There may be more than one area
burned. One area may be where the current entered the body and
another may be where it left. Electrical burn wounds may look minor
on the outside, but could be severe
on the inside.

If a person has received an electrical burn, check for shock and follow
the steps outlined above.

6.

Cover the victim with a blanket to maintain body heat, keep

the victims head low and get medical attention.

If the person is conscious and there are no signs of shock (such as

being cold, clammy, pale and having a rapid pulse), begin treating the
burned area.
1.

Do not apply grease or oil to the burn.

2.

Cover the burn with a dry, sterile dressing, but do not cool the
burn.

3.

Keep the victim from getting chilled.

4.

Seek medical attention as soon as possible.

First Aid for Chemical Incidents

2. Eye Contact:

Commence the following First Aid and, as soon as practicable, call

nearest First Aider.

1. Flush the eye with clean running water for at least 10 minutes.

1. Skin Contact:
1. Drench the affected area with clean running water for at least 10
minutes and until no chemical remains in contact with the skin.

2. Obtain medical examination of the affected eye.

3. Ingestion:
1. Do not make the casualty vomit.
2. Remove contaminated clothing, which is not stuck to the skin, as
soon as practicable after commencement of washing.

3. If there is any injury cover with clean, non-fluffy material to protect

from infection and, or if skin absorption is suspected, transfer casualty
to hospital.

2. Wash out the mouth with water.

3. Give 1 pint (500 ml) of water to drink.

4. Transfer casualty to hospital.

2. If the casualty has been seriously affected obtain medical attention.

4. Inhalation:
1. Remove the casualty from exposure.

Appendix A

Appendix B

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