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NUCLEIC ACIDS
together
Primary structure
Secondary structure
one/two
ring
nitrogenous
base
compound
Tertiary Structure
-supercoiling
is a ribonucleoside
2 PRINCIPAL TYPES:
a.) DNA
b.) RNA
Monomer
-smallest single unit of the polymer
nitrogen of purines.
*when a phosphoric acid is esterified to one of the
Nucleotides
-monomers of nucleic acids
-an individual nucleotide consists of
b.) sugar
c.) sugar
d.) phosphoric acid residue
- covalently bonded together
nature
-the polymerization of nucleotides gives rise to nucleic
acids.
1.) Pyrimidine
a. Cytosine
i. Found both in RNA and DNA
b. Thymine
i. Substituted for Uracil
c. Uracil
i. Occurs only in RNA
2.) Purine
a. Adenine
b. Guanine
i. Both are found in DNA and RNA
Nucleoside
electrons
preceding one
Grooves
Propeller twist
-empty spaces
with bases
Sideways
charges
Histones
B-DNA
PROKARYOTIC
A-DNA
Z-DNA
Topoisomerases
state of DNA
a.) Class I
B form of DNA
Base stacking
backbone
b.) Class II
reseal it.
DNA gyrase
-
Bacterial
topoisomerase
that
introduces
-octamer
Tetramer
9.4 DENATURATION
Class II topoisomerase
Melting
form.
of ultraviolet light
EUKARYOTIC
-DNA is complex
-
abundant
positively
charged
side
chains
at
physiological pH.
aligned
Chromatin
Hyperchromicity
-histones
melting point
Renaturation
-can
be
modified
by
acetylation,
methylation,
Ubiquitin
Spacer regions
Eukaryotic mRNA
Stems
Loops
-
Micro RNA(miRNA)
Protein is 35-40%
discoveries
Analytical ultracentrifugation
-
coefficient
expressed
in
Svedberg Units
Transcription
-The process by which the order of bases is passed from
S value
-
DNA to RNA
increases
with
the
mol.weight
of
the
Ribosomes
proportional
protein synthesis
*e-coli
Translation
- 70S.
subunit
Messenger RNA(mRNA)