Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
a=["setPageViewName","addPageAction","setCustomAttribute","finished","addToTrac
e","inlineHit","noticeError"];o(a,function(e,n){window.NREUM[n]=t("api-"+n)}),n.
exports=window.NREUM},{1:12,2:13,handle:"D5DuLP"}],"7eSDFh":[function(e,n){funct
ion t(e,n,t){if(r.call(e,n))return e[n];var o=t();if(Object.defineProperty&&Obje
ct.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,n,{value:o,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}
),o}catch(i){}return e[n]=o,o}var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=t}
,{}],gos:[function(e,n){n.exports=e("7eSDFh")},{}],handle:[function(e,n){n.expor
ts=e("D5DuLP")},{}],D5DuLP:[function(e,n){function t(e,n,t){return r.listeners(e
).length?r.emit(e,n,t):(o[e]||(o[e]=[]),void o[e].push(n))}var r=e("ee").create(
),o={};n.exports=t,t.ee=r,r.q=o},{ee:"QJf3ax"}],id:[function(e,n){n.exports=e("X
L7HBI")},{}],XL7HBI:[function(e,n){function t(e){var n=typeof e;return!e||"objec
t"!==n&&"function"!==n?-1:e===window?0:i(e,o,function(){return r++})}var r=1,o="
nr@id",i=e("gos");n.exports=t},{gos:"7eSDFh"}],G9z0Bl:[function(e,n){function t(
){var e=d.info=NREUM.info,n=f.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];if(e&&e.licenseK
ey&&e.applicationID&&n){c(p,function(n,t){n in e||(e[n]=t)});var t="https"===s.s
plit(":")[0]||e.sslForHttp;d.proto=t?"https://":"http://",a("mark",["onload",i()
]);var r=f.createElement("script");r.src=d.proto+e.agent,n.parentNode.insertBefo
re(r,n)}}function r(){"complete"===f.readyState&&o()}function o(){a("mark",["dom
Content",i()])}function i(){return(new Date).getTime()}var a=e("handle"),c=e(1),
u=(e(2),window),f=u.document,s=(""+location).split("?")[0],p={beacon:"bam.nr-dat
a.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",agent:"js-agent.newrelic.com/nr-632.min.js"
},d=n.exports={offset:i(),origin:s,features:{}};f.addEventListener?(f.addEventLi
stener("DOMContentLoaded",o,!1),u.addEventListener("load",t,!1)):(f.attachEvent(
"onreadystatechange",r),u.attachEvent("onload",t)),a("mark",["firstbyte",i()])},
{1:12,2:3,handle:"D5DuLP"}],loader:[function(e,n){n.exports=e("G9z0Bl")},{}],12:
[function(e,n){function t(e,n){var t=[],o="",i=0;for(o in e)r.call(e,o)&&(t[i]=n
(o,e[o]),i+=1);return t}var r=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;n.exports=t},{}],1
3:[function(e,n){function t(e,n,t){n||(n=0),"undefined"==typeof t&&(t=e?e.length
:0);for(var r=-1,o=t-n||0,i=Array(0>o?0:o);++r<o;)i[r]=e[n+r];return i}n.exports
=t},{}]},{},["G9z0Bl"]);</script><!--[if lt IE 8]>
<link href="https://s2-f.scribdassets.com/aggregated/css/chrome.css?1428616570"
media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="https://s2-f.scribdassets.com/aggregated/css/payments.css?1428616524
" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<![endif]-->
<!--[if gte IE 8]>
<link href="https://s2-f.scribdassets.com/aggregated/css_img/chrome.css?14286165
70" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<link href="https://s1-f.scribdassets.com/aggregated/css_img/payments.css?142861
6524" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<![endif]-->
<!--[if !IE]> -->
<link href="https://s2-f.scribdassets.com/aggregated/css_img/chrome.css?14286165
70" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="https://s1-f.scribdassets.com/aggregated/css_img/payments.css?142861
6524" media="screen" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<!-- <![endif]--><script type="text/javascript" src="/options/exposed_to_client.
js?1428636300"></script><script type="text/javascript">
window.Scribd = window.Scribd || {};
Scribd.rails_env = "production";
Scribd.current_ca = "current_ca:sUH/rCKbX/SqtUXRdpT7jDCXE2WgwXKRhAwI/FHzx4
4=-XT9KkUnfBt2ODlb9ScopV9o3RAg=";
Scribd.is_mobile = false;
</script><!--[if IE 6]><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.ie=6</script><!
[endif]--><!--[if IE 7]><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.ie=7</script><![en
dif]--><!--[if IE 8]><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.ie=8</script><![endif
]--><!--[if IE 9]><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.ie=9</script><![endif]-><!--[if IE 10]><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.ie=10</script><![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 11]><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.ie=11</script><![endif]--><
!-- testing geoip ssi for ads --><!--# include virtual="/ssi/geoip_static" --><!
","https://rs6.scribd.com/","https://rs7.scribd.com/","https://rs8.scribd.com/"]
, {"user_id":209123861,"doc_id":null}, false);
</script><script src="https://rs5.scribd.com/2/getvid.jsonp?callback=jsonp52
7466&l=Imh0dHBzOi8vZXMuc2NyaWJkLmNvbS9hcmNoaXZlL3BsYW5zP2RvYz0xNzgyNDkzODQmZ
XNjYXBlPWZhbHNlJm1ldGFkYXRhPSU3QiUyMmNvbnRleHQlMjIlM0ElMjJhcmNoaXZlX3ZpZXdfcmVzd
HJpY3RlZCUyMiUyQyUyMnBhZ2UlMjIlM0ElMjJyZWFkJTIyJTJDJTIyYWN0aW9uJTIyJTNBJTIyZG93b
mxvYWRfcHJvbW8lMjIlMkMlMjJsb2dnZWRfaW4lMjIlM0FmYWxzZSUyQyUyMnBsYXRmb3JtJTIyJTNBJ
TIyd2ViJTIyJTdEIg%3D%3D&r=Imh0dHA6Ly9lcy5zY3JpYmQuY29tL2RvYy8xNzgyNDkzODQvSU
5GT1JNRS1ERS1CSU9GSVNJQ0EtTi01LUZVRVJaQS1NVVNDVUxBUiI%3D&ea=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoy
MDkxMjM4NjEsImRvY19pZCI6bnVsbH0%3D&ubtc=InU9M2Y2NjAzNTAtYmIxNC0wMTMyLTIzNTYt
MDAyNTkwODUyOGIwJmg9dndHWnorSmRWZTVIUi85SHVxcU1xOWhqZ0UyVFhDTzk5WUZPSEI2blcyUT0i
" async="" defer=""></script><style type="text/css">.fb_hidden{position:absolute
;top:-10000px;z-index:10001}.fb_invisible{display:none}.fb_reset{background:none
;border:0;border-spacing:0;color:#000;cursor:auto;direction:ltr;font-family:"luc
ida grande", tahoma, verdana, arial, sans-serif;font-size:11px;font-style:normal
;font-variant:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;line-height:1;marg
in:0;overflow:visible;padding:0;text-align:left;text-decoration:none;text-indent
:0;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;visibility:visible;white-space:normal;wo
rd-spacing:normal}.fb_reset>div{overflow:hidden}.fb_link img{border:none}
.fb_dialog{background:rgba(82, 82, 82, .7);position:absolute;top:-10000px;z-inde
x:10001}.fb_reset .fb_dialog_legacy{overflow:visible}.fb_dialog_advanced{padding
:10px;-moz-border-radius:8px;-webkit-border-radius:8px;border-radius:8px}.fb_dia
log_content{background:#fff;color:#333}.fb_dialog_close_icon{background:url(http
s://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0
0 transparent;_background-image:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2
/yL/r/s816eWC-2sl.gif);cursor:pointer;display:block;height:15px;position:absolut
e;right:18px;top:17px;width:15px}.fb_dialog_mobile .fb_dialog_close_icon{top:5px
;left:5px;right:auto}.fb_dialog_padding{background-color:transparent;position:ab
solute;width:1px;z-index:-1}.fb_dialog_close_icon:hover{background:url(https://f
bstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -15p
x transparent;_background-image:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/
yL/r/s816eWC-2sl.gif)}.fb_dialog_close_icon:active{background:url(https://fbstat
ic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/yq/r/IE9JII6Z1Ys.png) no-repeat scroll 0 -30px tra
nsparent;_background-image:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/yL/r/
s816eWC-2sl.gif)}.fb_dialog_loader{background-color:#f6f7f8;border:1px solid #60
6060;font-size:24px;padding:20px}.fb_dialog_top_left,.fb_dialog_top_right,.fb_di
alog_bottom_left,.fb_dialog_bottom_right{height:10px;width:10px;overflow:hidden;
position:absolute}.fb_dialog_top_left{background:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd
.net/rsrc.php/v2/ye/r/8YeTNIlTZjm.png) no-repeat 0 0;left:-10px;top:-10px}.fb_di
alog_top_right{background:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/ye/r/8
YeTNIlTZjm.png) no-repeat 0 -10px;right:-10px;top:-10px}.fb_dialog_bottom_left{b
ackground:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/ye/r/8YeTNIlTZjm.png)
no-repeat 0 -20px;bottom:-10px;left:-10px}.fb_dialog_bottom_right{background:url
(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/ye/r/8YeTNIlTZjm.png) no-repeat 0 30px;right:-10px;bottom:-10px}.fb_dialog_vert_left,.fb_dialog_vert_right,.fb_dia
log_horiz_top,.fb_dialog_horiz_bottom{position:absolute;background:#525252;filte
r:alpha(opacity=70);opacity:.7}.fb_dialog_vert_left,.fb_dialog_vert_right{width:
10px;height:100%}.fb_dialog_vert_left{margin-left:-10px}.fb_dialog_vert_right{ri
ght:0;margin-right:-10px}.fb_dialog_horiz_top,.fb_dialog_horiz_bottom{width:100%
;height:10px}.fb_dialog_horiz_top{margin-top:-10px}.fb_dialog_horiz_bottom{botto
m:0;margin-bottom:-10px}.fb_dialog_iframe{line-height:0}.fb_dialog_content .dial
og_title{background:#6d84b4;border:1px solid #3a5795;color:#fff;font-size:14px;f
ont-weight:bold;margin:0}.fb_dialog_content .dialog_title>span{background:url(ht
tps://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.net/rsrc.php/v2/yd/r/Cou7n-nqK52.gif) no-repeat 5px 50
%;float:left;padding:5px 0 7px 26px}body.fb_hidden{-webkit-transform:none;height
:100%;margin:0;overflow:visible;position:absolute;top:-10000px;left:0;width:100%
}.fb_dialog.fb_dialog_mobile.loading{background:url(https://fbstatic-a.akamaihd.
net/rsrc.php/v2/ya/r/3rhSv5V8j3o.gif) white no-repeat 50% 50%;min-height:100%;mi
n-width:100%;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0;z-index:10001}.fb_dialog.fb
_dialog_mobile.loading.centered{max-height:590px;min-height:590px;max-width:500p
pload_options"><a href="/upload-document?archive_doc=178249384&escape=false&
amp;metadata=%7B%22context%22%3A%22archive_view_restricted%22%2C%22page%22%3A%22
read%22%2C%22action%22%3A%22download_promo%22%2C%22logged_in%22%3Afalse%2C%22pla
tform%22%3A%22web%22%7D" class="flat_btn upload_button"><span class="icon icon-u
pload-button"></span><span>Subir</span></a></div></div><div class="or_circle">OR
</div></div><div id="content"><div class="title"><h1>Get unlimited downloads wit
h a <br> membership</h1></div><div class="intro"><p>Join our growing community o
f members to get acceso ilimitado to over <br>25 million books and documents.
More than 1000 new members join every day!</p></div><div class="perks"><div clas
s="perk"><div class="check_icon">? </div><div class="perk_text">Download documen
ts as PDF or other formats</div></div><div class="perk"><div class="check_icon">
? </div><div class="perk_text">Print, copy and share any documents on Scribd</di
v></div><div class="perk"><div class="check_icon">? </div><div class="perk_text"
>Read complete documents on any smart device</div></div><div class="perk"><div c
lass="check_icon">? </div><div class="perk_text">Disfrute de una experiencia lib
re de publicidad en Scribd</div></div></div><div class="all_plans"><form id="pay
ment_form" method="post" action=""><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token
" value="jdfLmlx3hOSXz8ux+0NOSLDEqf7+ZX77fhC/SsAzHnY="><div class="plans"><input
type="hidden" name="metadata" value="{"context":"archive_view_re
stricted","page":"read","action":"downlo
ad_promo","logged_in":false,"platform":"web"}
"><div id="package_container_24.hours" class="plan package_container"><div class
="type"><input type="radio" class="radio" name="identifier" value="24.hours" id=
"package_option_24.hours"><div class="plan_title">One-day unlimited access</div>
</div><div class="new_plan_price_container"><div class="new_plan_price">$8.99</d
iv><div class="new_plan_currency_recurring">24 hours of access</div></div><div c
lass="type_description">24 hours of access. <br> Billed at time of purchase.</di
v></div><div id="package_container_1.month" class="plan package_container month
selected"><div class="type"><input type="radio" class="radio" name="identifier"
value="1.month" checked="" id="package_option_1.month"><div class="plan_title">M
onthly Membership</div></div><div class="plan_subtitle">(Our most popular option
)</div><div class="new_plan_price_container"><div class="new_plan_price">$8.99</
div><div class="new_plan_currency_recurring">per month</div></div><div class="ty
pe_description">Billed once a month. Cancel anytime.</div></div><div id="package
_container_1.year" class="plan package_container"><div class="type"><input type=
"radio" class="radio" name="identifier" value="1.year" id="package_option_1.year
"><div class="plan_title">Membresa anual</div></div><div class="new_plan_price_co
ntainer"><div class="new_plan_price">$3.99</div><div class="new_plan_currency_re
curring">per month</div></div><div class="type_description">Se realiza un cargo
una vez al ao</div></div></div><div class="button_row"><div class="flat_btn plan_
continue_button">Join and download now</div></div></form></div><div class="botto
m"><p>Inscrbase en tan solo 60 segundos. Se aceptan todas las principales tarjeta
s adems de PayPal<br>Cancel any time online.</p></div><div class="as_seen_on"><di
v class="text_wrap"><p>As seen on</p><div class="company_testimonials"><img alt=
"Nytimes" src="https://s1-f.scribdassets.com/images/archive_flow/nytimes.png?142
8616570"><img alt="Techcrunch" src="https://s1-f.scribdassets.com/images/archive
_flow/techcrunch.png?1428616570"><img alt="Chicagotribune" src="https://s2-f.scr
ibdassets.com/images/archive_flow/chicagotribune.png?1428616570"></div></div></d
iv></div></div></div></div><div id="lightboxes"><div id="confirm_lightbox" class
="lightbox autogen_class_views_shared_confirm_lightbox autogen_class_widgets_lig
htbox autogen_class_widgets_base" style="display: none;"><div class="wrapper"><d
iv class="close_button"><span class="icon-close"></span></div><div class="title"
>Are you sure?</div><div class="content"><div class="inline_flash"></div><div cl
ass="rendered_template_container"><p class="confirm_text">This action might not
be possible to undo. Are you sure you want to continue?</p><div class="actions">
<div class="flat_btn cancel_btn outline_btn">CANCEL</div><div class="flat_btn ok
_btn destructive_action_btn">OK</div></div></div><div data-delete_collection="<d
iv class="input_template_wrapper"><div class="autogen_class_views
_shared_input autogen_class_widgets_base" id="autogen_id_553170820&quo
t;><div class="checkbox_input input_container "><input name="remo
</div></div><script type="text/javascript">Scribd.Lightbox.initialize();</script
><div id="pageboxes"></div><div class="autogen_class_views_shared_hovercards aut
ogen_class_widgets_base" id="autogen_id_553172211"><div class="hovercard_drop ha
s_document_cells"></div><script id="tpl_document_hovercard" type="template"><div
class="autogen_class_views_shared_hovercards_document hovercard autogen_class_w
idgets_base" data-object_id="{{ id }}"><div class="hovercard_background"></div><
div class="hovercard_content"><div class="doc_title hovercard_title above_cover"
><a href="{{ url }}" data-track="title">{{ title }}</a></div><div class="cover_d
rop document_cell" data-track="cover"></div><div class="below_cover"><div class=
"document_data"><div class="star_ratings_row data_row">{[ for (var i=0; i < stat
s.rating_average; i++) { ]}<span class="star star_filled icon-feature"></span>{[
} ]}{[ for (var i=0; i < (5 - stats.rating_average); i++) { ]}<span class="star
icon-star"></span>{[ } ]}</div><div class="ratings_number_row data_row"> (<span
class="rating_number">{{ _.numberFormat(stats.ratings_count) }} Ratings</span>)
</div>{[ if (typeof authors !== undefined && authors.length) { ]}<div class="pub
lisher_row authors_row data_row">by {[ for (var i=0; i < authors.length; i++) {
]}{[ if (i > 0) { ]}, {[ } ]}<a class="author" data-track="author" href="{{ auth
ors[i].url }}">{{ authors[i].name }}</a>{[ } ]}</div>{[ } else { ]}<div class="p
ublisher_row data_row">by <a href="{{ publisher.url }}" data-track="publisher">{
{ publisher.name }}</a></div>{[ } ]}{[ if (document_type == 'audiobook') { ]}{[
if (audiobook.runtime > 0) { ]}<div class="runtime data_row">Runtime {{ audioboo
k.runtime_formatted }}</div>{[ } ]}{[ } else { ]}<div class="page_count data_row
">{{ page_count }}</div>{[ } ]}</div>{[ if (typeof download_url !== undefined &&
download_url) { ]}<div class="flat_btn download_btn">Download</div>{[ } ]}<div
class="flat_btn add_to_library_btn">Add to library</div><div class="flat_btn neg
ate remove_from_library_btn">Remove from library</div>{[ if (is_book) { ]}<div c
lass="flat_btn add_to_collection_btn">Add to collection</div>{[ if (!is_comic_se
ries) { ]}<div class="link_row mark_finished_row"><a href="#" class="mark_as_rea
d_btn">Mark as finished</a></div>{[ } ]}<div class="link_row is_finished_row"><s
pan class="finished_label">Marked as finished</span> <a href="#" class="undo_fin
ished_btn">Undo</a></div>{[ } ]}</div></div></div></script><script id="tpl_colle
ction_hovercard" type="template"><div class="autogen_class_views_shared_hovercar
ds_collection hovercard autogen_class_widgets_base"><div class="hovercard_backgr
ound"></div><div class="hovercard_content"><div class="collection_title hovercar
d_title above_cover"><a href="{{ url }}">{{ title }}</a></div><a href="{{ url }}
"><div class="cover_drop collection_cell"></div></a><div class="below_cover"><di
v class="collection_data"><div>Collection</div><div class="item_count">{{ format
ted_count }}</div></div><a href="{{ url }}" class="flat_btn view_collection_btn"
>View collection</a></div></div></div></script><div class="hovercard_font_preloa
der"><div style="font-family: Livory; font-style: italic;">scribd</div></div></d
iv><div id="fb-root" class=" fb_reset"><script type="text/javascript" src="https
://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js" async=""></script><div style="position: ab
solute; top: -10000px; height: 0px; width: 0px;"><div><iframe name="fb_xdm_frame
_https" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true" scrolling="no" id="fb_xdm_frame
_https" aria-hidden="true" title="Facebook Cross Domain Communication Frame" tab
index="-1" src="https://s-static.ak.facebook.com/connect/xd_arbiter/6Dg4oLkBbYq.
js?version=41#channel=f153f8fb7c&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fes.scribd.com" style="
border: none;"></iframe></div></div><div style="position: absolute; top: -10000p
x; height: 0px; width: 0px;"><div></div></div></div>
<script type="text/javascript">
Scribd.Facebook.setup()
</script><script type="text/javascript">
Scribd.have_named_current_user(Scribd._named_current_user);
Scribd.have_anonymous_current_user(Scribd._anonymous_current_user);
new Scribd.Header("#global_header", {"new_search":false,"is_new_search_bac
kend":false});