1. John has three bottles containing salts.

One contains sodium chloride, one lithium chloride and one

potassium chloride, but the labels have come off.

A
B
C
(a) (i) Sodium, potassium and lithium all belong to the same group of the periodic table. What is the group
number?
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) What is the name of the group?
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(iii) What colour are the three salts?
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(b)

John needs to put the correct labels on the bottles. He does a flame test. Describe exactly how he does
the flame test.
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(c) John puts his results in a table. Look at the table and fill in the names of the salts.
Bottle

Colour of flame

Yellow

Red

Lilac

Name of salt

[3]
TOTAL / 9

2. Chlorine is manufactured by the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution.

A simple electrolysis cell that can be used in the laboratory is shown below.

sodium chloride
solution

(a)

Label the anode on the diagram.

(b)

How would you prove that the gas collected was chlorine?

[1]

Test
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
Result
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(c)

Give one important use of chlorine.

......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d)

Complete the ionic equation showing the formation of chlorine gas.

(e)

Cl
+
Name the other gas formed in the electrolysis of salt solution.
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f)

After running the cell for several minutes, some Universal Indicator was added to the cell.
The indicator turned blue.
(i)

What does this test show?

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(ii) Give the chemical name of the substance formed that turns the indicator blue.
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TOTAL / 8

3. Carbonates react with acids to produce a salt, carbon dioxide and water.
(a)

The equation describes the reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.
CaCO3
(i)

2HCl

CaCl2

CO2

H2O

Add state symbols to complete the equation.

[1]

(ii) Name the salt produced in this reaction.

......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Use the relative atomic masses C =12, Ca = 40 and O=16 to calculate the relative formula mass of
calcium carbonate. Show your working.
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(iv)

How much carbon dioxide can be produced from:

A 100 g calcium carbonate?

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B 1 g calcium carbonate?
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(b)

A student wished to measure the production of carbon dioxide in the above reaction. She considered the
two methods outlined in the diagram.
Method A

add
3
25 cm
hydrochloric
acid

Method B
boiling
tube
with
3
25 cm
hydrochloric
acid

1g
calcium
carbonate

weigh immediately

leave for 2 minutes

reweigh

weigh
pour acid into beaker,
replace boiling tube
in beaker
leave for 2 minutes
reweigh

(i)

Before carrying out the experiment, she performed the calculation in part (a) (iv) B of this question.
Suggest how this information could be of use to her.

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(ii) Explain why, of the two methods shown, method B would provide a more reliable estimate of the
amount of carbon dioxide produced during the reaction.
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TOTAL / 10

4. (a) The limestone (calcium carbonate) will be used to make quicklime (calcium oxide).
The equation for the reaction is given below:
CaCO3(s)
(i)

CaO(s) + CO2 (g)

What do the symbols (s) and (g) mean?

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(ii) Calculate the relative molecular masses of calcium carbonate, calcium oxide, and carbon dioxide.
(relative atomic masses C=12, O=16, Ca= 40)
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......................................................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b)

The company wants to produce 1,680 tonnes of quicklime per week.

(i)

Calculate the minimum mass of limestone needed to produce 1,680 tonnes of quicklime.

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(ii) Suggest a reason why more than the minimum mass you have calculated would have to be heated
to obtain 1,680 tonnes of quicklime.
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Total / 8
5. The reactions between bromine (Br2) and hydrogen (H2) to make hydrogen bromine (HBr) can
be represented by the following equation:
Br-Br + H-H
(a)

H-Br +H-Br

Use the following bond energies to answer questions (i), (ii) and (iii).
Br-Br: 193 kJ/mol; H-H: 436 kJ/mol; H-Br: 366 kJ/mol
(i)

Calculate the total energy required to break bonds in this reaction.

..............................................................................................................................................................................
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Answer ............................................................................................................................................ kJ/mol
[2]
(ii) Calculate the total energy released when bonds are formed in this reaction.
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Answer ............................................................................................................................................ kJ/mol
[2]
(iii) Calculate the overall energy change for this reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
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Answer ............................................................................................................................................ kJ/mol
[2]
(b)

Explain what the sign of the answer you calculated in (a) part (iii) tells you about the reaction.
..............................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c)

Below is the energy level diagram for the reaction between hydrogen and bromine.

energy

b
c
d

reaction path

Write down the letter which represents the activation energy

......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
TOTAL / 8

6. Carbon is known to exist as two different

allotropes. The allotropes are known as diamond
and graphite.
Both diamond and graphite consist of carbon atoms bonded together in three-dimensional structures.
Carbon atoms

Carbon
atom

(a)

What is the name given the type of bond in which electrons are shared?

......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) (i) Diamond is one of the hardest substances known to man and is used on the edges of glass cutting tools.
Explain why the structure of diamond makes it so hard.
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(ii) Graphite is soft and slippery and is used to lubricate surfaces.
Explain why the structure of graphite makes it soft and slippery.
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(c)

Diamond is an electrical insulator, but graphite conducts electricity.

Explain why graphite conducts electricity.
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TOTAL / 8

7. (a)To which homologous series does decane belong?

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(b)

Cracking decane can produce the following products:

ethene C2H4

pentane C5H12

propene C3H6

Which of these are unsaturated?

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......................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c)

Cracking decane can sometimes produce just two types of molecule.

If one of these products is ethene, give the formula and name of the other one.
(i)

formula

......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) name
......................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(d)

What are the economic advantages of cracking?

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(e)

Name two chemicals that can be made from ethene.

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TOTAL / 9