Thevenins and Maximum Power Transfer

Theorems
In ac Circuits

-:Objectives
To verify experimentally Thevenins and maximum power transfer
.theorems as applied to ac circuits

-:Material Required
.Resistors: 100 ,1 k ,3.3 k ,10 k , one decade resistance box -1
.Inductors: 17.5 mH inductor with iron core -2
.Capacitors: (Two) 0.1 F, 0.47 F, 1 F, 4.7 F, 22 F -3
.Equipment: Multimeter, signal generator -4

-:Background of the experiment

:Thevenins theorem
.Thevenins theorem in ac circuit is the same method in dc circuit
In the thevenins theorem we find Zth and Eth to make the circuit
easy to calculate and find the best load for maximum power. The
thevenin circuit has three elements: Eth, Zth and ZL like fig.1 (b). Eth is
equal the voltage between a-b (fig.1(c)). We replace all voltage
sources by short and current sources by open then we find Zth fig.1
.(d)

:Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Maximum Power Transfer will be when the impedance load equal
.conjugate thevenins impedance fig.2

XC=1/C () Eqution1

Eqution2

Pmax = V2a-b /RD (w)

(b)

(a)

(d)

(c)

Procedure I:In first part of this experiment we established the circuit in fig.3(a)
and we measurment IR,VR like fig.4(a).after that we remove 10K
and measurement Eth and Zth. By measurmeant like fig.4(b) then we
obtain tevenins circuit and measurment IR,VR like fig.4(b):
Eth = 3.8 v
Zth =767+603.18i

Current (IR)

Voltage(VR)

Before convert

0.36 mA

3.5 v

Fig.3 (a)
After convert

0.36 mA

3.48 v

Fig.3 (b)
Table1: The current and voltage before and

Figure3: circuit before and after

.covert

(a)

(b)
Figure4: how we measurement voltage and
current

Procedure II:-

In second part we established the circuit in fig.5 and we change the

value of capacitance to find the maximum power, and we
measurement the Va-b like fig.6. We calculate the by using eq.1 and

Xc by using eq.2. RD equal resistance and coils resistance

.(RD=R+RL)

Figure5: Thevenins
circuit

Figure6: how we measured the voltage

XL = L = 2*1000*17.5*10-3=109.95
RD =122.3

Combination
of capacitance
(F)

Va-b (v)

XC| ()|

Power
(mW)

0.1
0.47
0.57
1
1.1
1.2
1.47
4.7
22

0.393
1.69
1.941
2.409
2.427
2.437
2.446
2.349
2.27

1591.54
338.62
279.21
159.15
144.68
132.62
108.26
33.86
7.23

1.26
23.3
30.8
47.45
48.16
48.56
48.92
45.11
42.13

Table2: the releation between XC and

power

Figure7: relation between |XC| and

power

-:Comments and conclusion

Current and voltage across resistance will be the same after we
change the circuit to Thevenins circuit. Thevenina circuit change
.completed circuit to easy circuit

When the Zth has inductor ZL most has capacitance to improve the
power Vice versa. The power change if we change the value of
capacitance. If XL = XC we get the maximum power. Because the
power factor is zero. We note from fig.5 the power increase until the
XC XL the power reached to maximum value and when X C

.bigger than XL the power decrease

Total capacitance in parallel is CT = C1+C2++Cn and in series will

be CT=1/C1 + 1/C2 ++1/Cn, so if we want to put 1.1 F we put 1 F
.parallel with 0.1 F we get 1.1 F