Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SECTION A
GENERAL
1 The first antenna was built by:
(a) J. D. Kraus
(d) R. J. Marhefka
(b) 1900
(c) 1901
(d) 1902
(b) 1910
(c) 1920
(d) 1930
(d) Coulombs
(b) 15 mm
(c) 1.5 cm
(d) 1.5 mm
(c) MHz
9 The relation E = -V is not adequate for time varying fields and need to be modified to the
form E = - V + N, where N equals;
(a) v / t
(b) A / t
(c) 2v/ t2
(d) 2A/ t2
10 The inadequacy of the relation E = -V is realized on the application of the curl operation
to each side, since curl of the gradient is identically zero. But, from Faraday's Law E is
not generally zero. To effect an improvement the equation is modified to E =
(a) -V - D/t
(b) -V - /t
(c) -V - B/t
(d) -V - A/t
11 Let the axial ratio (AR) of a polarization ellipse is defined in terms of the ratio of electric
field intensity E. If E2 is the value of E along major axis and E1 along minor axes AR = E2/E1.
Circular polarization is an extreme case of elliptic polarization which corresponds to:
(a) E1 = E2 and AR = 1
(b) E1 = 0 and AR = 1
(c) E1 = E2 and AR =
(d) E1 = 0 and AR =
12 Let the axial ratio (AR) of a polarization ellipse is defined in terms of the ratio of electric
field intensity E. If E2 is the value of E along major axis and E1 along minor axes AR = E2/E1.
Linear polarization is an extreme case of elliptic polarization which corresponds to:
(a) E1 = E2 and AR = 1
(b) E1 = 0 and AR = 1
(c) E1 = E2 and AR =
(d) E1 = 0 and AR =
(b) 10
(c)
(d) 0
(b) 10
(c)
(d) 0
15 If in a network Si is the input signal Ni is the input noise, So is the output signal and No is
the output noise the noise figure is given by:
(a) Si/So
(c) So/Si
16 In general cosmic noise decreases with the increase in frequency and is of considerable
importance in:
(a) LF and MF bands
(d) B = (2 k TB) /
18 Which of the following represents one of the Maxwells equations in correct form?
(a) E dl = - [B/ t] dv
(c)
D ds = dv
(b) H dl = I + [D/ t] ds
(d) B ds = J dv
OR
=0
19 If ES is the field intensity vector identified as a phasor by its subscript s, and k0 is the
wave number, the equation 2 ES = - k02 ES is called:
(a) Poissons equation
(b) A = - v/ t
(c) V = - + 2v/ t2
(d) V = - E A2 / t2
(b) -V/t
(c) -V
(d) 0
(b) -V/t
(c) -V
(d) 0
(b) 0/(00)
(c) 0(0/0)
(d) 0/(0/0)
25 The induction and radiation fields of an oscillating electric dipole become approximately
equal at a distance r, where r =:
(a) /6
(b) /4
(c) /3
(d) /2
26 An antenna can be assumed to have sinusoidal current distribution provided its length is:
(a) /10
(b) /5
(c) /2
(d)
27 If the radiated power of a quarter wave mono-pole is given by (1/2 ) 0.609 Im2 (eff) /
2 the radiation resistance (in Ohms) of a half wave dipole is obtained to be:
(a) 36.5
(b) 18.25
(c) 73
(d) 146
28 A dipole antenna is a straight radiator, usually fed in the center. It produces a maximum
of radiation:
(a) in the plane parallel to its axis
29. The vertical radiation pattern of a center fed vertical dipole shown in fig. (A) is for the
dipole length:
(a) 2
(b) 3/2
(c)
(d) 3/4
30. The combined radiation pattern of two non-directional radiators with separation d, fed
with equal currents and with phase shift , (shown in FIG. A) belongs to:
(a) d = /2, =00
FIG. A
FIG. B
31. The combined radiation pattern of two non-directional radiators with separation d, fed
with equal currents and with phase shift , (shown in FIG. B) belongs to:
(a) d =, =00
(b) 0 to 10
(c) 0 to
(d) 1 to +1
41 If S(, ) is the Poynting vector and S(, )max represents its maximum value the
normalized power pattern is given by:
(a) S(, ) / S(, )max
43 If the (total) beam area A (or beam solid angle) consists of the main beam area M plus
the minor-lobe area m (i.e. A = M + m) beam efficiency is given by:
(a) A / M
(b) M / A
(c) A / m
(d) m / A
(b) 4 / A
(c) A / 2
(d) 2 / A
45 If G is the gain k is the efficiency factor and D is the directivity of an antenna these are
related by:
(a) G = k2 D
(b) G = D / k2
(c) G = D / k
(d) G = k D
46 The directivity D of antenna and the number N of the point sources in the sky that can be
resolved by the are related by the equation:
(a) D = N2
(b) D = N
(d) D = 1 / N2
(c) D = 1/ N
47 The directivity D is given in terms of the antenna aperture Ae by the following relation:
(a) D = 4Ae/ 2
(b) D = 42/Ae
(c) D = Ae/42
(d) D = Ae/4
48 The field around an antenna may be divided into two principal regions called the near
field or Fresnel zone and far field or Fraunhofer zone. The boundary between the two
regions may be arbitrarily taken at a radius R for an antenna of maximum dimension L,
where R and L are related by:
(a) R = 2L2/ 2
(b) R = 2L/2
(c) R = 2L2/
(d) R = 2L/
50 The ratio of the distance between antenna and point of observation of field to the physical
size of an antenna is the deciding factor for considering an antenna to be a point source.
Thus an antenna may be regarded as a point source if this ratio is:
(a) > 1
(b) >> 1
(c) << 1
(d) = 1
SECTION B
52 The vertical radiation pattern of a center fed vertical dipole shown in fig. (A) is for the
dipole length:
(a) 2
(b) 3/2
(c)
(d) 3/4
53 A dipole antenna is a straight radiator, usually fed in the center. It produces a maximum
of radiation:
(a) in the plane parallel to its axis
(d) About
55 In relation to the directional characteristics of the dipole antennas the terms theta and
phi polarizations are synonymous with and replace the respective older terms of:
(a) Horizontal and vertical polarizations
56 If z is the input impedance of a simple dipole, the impedance of n folded dipole is:
(a) n z
(b) n2 z
(d) z / n2
(c) z / n
57 Wire antennas are commonly termed as dipoles provided the wire length is:
(a)
(b) 3/4
(c) /2
(d) /4
(d) Radiation
(d) Un-terminated/Standing
wave/resonant
61 Front to back ratio of an antenna can be increased by:
(a) Sacrificing its gain
(c) Using material of high conductivity
62 An ungrounded antenna near the ground:
(a) acts as a single antenna of twice the height (b) is unlikely to need an earth mat
(c) acts as an antenna array
63 At a sufficient distance R at point O on the observation circle in the far field region of an
antenna:
(a) The radiated fields are radial and the power flow is transverse.
(b) The radiated fields are transverse and power flow is radial.
(c) Both the radiated fields and power flow are transverse.
(d) Both the radiated fields and power flow are radial
64 A diffracted ray is one that follows a path that:
(a) cannot be interpreted as either reflection or refraction
(b) can be interpreted as either reflection or refraction
(c) can be interpreted as reflection but not as refraction
(d) can be interpreted as refraction but not as reflection
65 The Huygens principle:
(a) Neglects the vector nature of electromagnetic field.
(b) Neglects the effects of current flow at the edges of slot.
(c) Neglects the effects of current flow at the edges of horn.
(d) Neglects all aspects listed in (a, b & c) above.
SECTION C
ANTENNA ARRAYAS
66 Side lobes in a broad side array will be entirely eliminated provided the spacing between
elements does not exceed:
(a) /4
(b) /2
(c) 3/4
(d)
67 An array consisting of a number of equidistant dipoles of equal size, fed with the currents
having same amplitude and same phase is:
(a) an end fire array
(d) a
binomial array
68 Select the correct statement.
(a) The end fire directivity is proportional to the square of the array length while the
directivity of the broadside square array is proportional to the side length.
(b) The end fire directivity is proportional to the array length while the directivity of the
broadside square array is proportional to the square of the side length.
(c) The directivity of both end fire and broadside array is proportional to the array
length.
(d) The directivity of both end fire and broadside array is proportional to the square of side
length.
69 Width of principal lobe for uniform BSA with array length nd is reciprocal to:
(b) n2d
(a) nd
(c) n2d2
(d) nd2
70 When the current ratios and phases are properly chosen sharp directivity with an array of
fixed length but sufficiently large number of elements can be obtained. With this phasing and
close spacing between elements the radiation resistance:
(a) Reduces to extremely low value
71 The Chebyshev polynomial Tm(x) is commonly used in design and synthesis problems.
For m = 0 and m = 1 its respective values are:
(a) 1 and 0
(b) 0 and 1
(c) 1 and
(d) and 1
72 An array consisting a no. of equidistant dipoles of equal size, fed with the same currents
and phase is called:
(a) end fire array
73. The width of the major lobe is almost exactly inversely proportional to the array length l, if
(a) l
(b) < l 3 /2
(c) 3 /2 < l 2
(d) l > 2
74 Side lobes in a broad side array will be entirely eliminated provided the spacing between
adjacent antennas does not exceed
(a) / 4
(b) / 2
(c) 3 / 4
(d)
75 The directional pattern of an end fire array using isotropic radiators is substantially
independent of the spacing of the antenna radiators provided this spacing does not exceed
(a) / 8
(b) / 4
(c) 3 / 8
(d) / 2
SECTION C
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTENNAS
77 The parabola reflects the wave originating from a source at the focus and transforms:
(a) A plane wave front from the feed at focus into spherical wave front
(b) A plane wave front from the feed at focus into cylindrical wave front
(c) Any curved wave front from the feed at focus into a plane wave front
(d) A cylindrical wave front from the feed at focus into a spherical wave front
78 For large parabola of many aperture a practical choice for feed can be corner reflector
with a corner angle of (depending on F/D ratio of parabola):
(a) 0 - 450
79 Beam widths for corner reflector are approximately equal in both principal planes
provided corner angle =:
(a) 1200
(b) 900
(c) 600
(d) 450
80 When the field across the mouth of the parabola is everywhere of the same phase the
beam generated
(a) is omni-directional
(c) has main beam with two minor side lobes (d) is bifurcated into two major beams.
81 Antennas commonly used for microwave links are:
(a) Loop antennas
(c) Rhombic antennas
84 The delay lenses wherein the electrical path length is increased or wave is retarded by
the lens medium include:
(a) E-plane metal lenses
(c) Dielectric and H-plane metal lenses
lenses.
85 The fast lenses wherein the electrical path length is decreased by the lens medium
include:
(a) Dielectric and E-plane metal lenses
(c) H-plane metal lenses
lenses.
86 Refraction in the lenses may involve one or two surfaces. The use of lenses having
refraction through two surface is not very common but it offers better performance, prevents
refocusing of energy into the feed and provides wide angle scanning when r is of the order
of:
(a) 3.5
(b) 2.5
(c) 1.5
(d) 0.5
(b) 30%
(c) 20%
(d) 10%
88 The zoning makes the lens frequency sensitive, increases the energy loss, side lobe level
and the shadowing effect. These effects can be minimized by using a design with:
(a) Large f/D ratio keeping it = 1
(b) H
(b) d < /4
(c) d < /8
(b) / 8
(c) / 4
(d) / 2
94 The slot and dipole have the same field patterns for:
(a) E alone
(b) H alone
(c) E as well as H
(d) Both vertical and horizontal slots may result in vertical polarization.
96 A properly designed slot antenna may have bandwidth of about:
(a) 10 % of center frequency
97 The sharpest beam and highest gain for a given mouth size of a horn are obtained by
(a) very small flare angles
(b) /2
(c) 3/4
(d)
100 Helical Antennas combine the geometry of a straight line, a circle and a cylinder. These
antennas are:
(a) Circularly polarized with high gain
101 The axial (end fire) mode of helical antenna is most practical because it can achieve
over a wide band:
(a) Linear Polarization
102 In mono-filar helices the term transmission mode is used to describe the manner in
which the electromagnetic wave is propagated along:
(a) A very short helix
(c) A long helix
YAGI-UDA ANTENNA
103 A Yagi antenna may have:
(a) A single director and multiple reflector
directors
WAVE PROPAGATION
104 With vertical polarization the magnitude of reflection coefficient for space wave is
commonly:
(a) quite large at moderately small angles of incidence
(b) quite small at moderately small angles of incidence
(c) quite small at moderately large angles of incidence
(d) quite large at moderately large angles of incidence
105 The conductivity and dielectric constant of earth vary greatly with conditions. At
broadcast band and lower frequencies, the earth can be regarded (approximately) as:
(d) a combination of
106 At Brewsters angle the reflection coefficient Rv for vertically polarized wave is:
(a) >>1
(b) 1
(c) <<1
(d) 0
107 At Brewsters angle for vertically polarized wave the phase of reflected wave, from the
earth surface with finite conductivity will differ from the phase of reflected wave from a
surface with infinite conductivity by:
(a) 1800
(b) 900
(c) 450
(d) 00
108 The earth is normally considered to be flat if the distance (d, in miles) between Tx and
Rx does not exceed:
(a) 50/(f MHz)1/4
(b) 50/(fMHz)1/2
(c) 50/(fMHz)1/3
(d) 50/(fMHz)
(b) R = 4 sin /
(c) R = 4 sin
(d) R = 4 sin /
110 The ionosphere and the earth both act as good reflectors especially in the lower range
of:
(a) VHF
(b) HF
(c) MF
(d) VLF
111 The troposphere extends from earth surface to a height of:
(a) 5 Km
(b) 15 Km
(c) 50 Km
(d) 90 Km
(d) space
(b) HF
(c) VHF
(d) UHF
114 The temperature of troposphere decreases with height at an average rate of:
(a) 2 degree/km
degree/km
(b) 4 degree/km
(c) 6 degree/km
(d) 8
115 The phenomenon of super refraction occurs only when dM/dh is:
(a) Negative
(b) Zero
(c) Positive
(d) infinite
116 In FIG.C four different paths are adopted by rays for different refractive index variations.
The ray for the condition dM / dh = 0 is:
(a) a
(b) b
(c) c
FIG.C
(d) d
(b) (n + 1 + h / a) 106
(c) (n - 1 h / a) 106
(d) (n - 1 + h / a) 106
118 When microwave signal follows the curvature of the earth, the phenomenon is called:
(a) Faradays effect (b) ducting (c) Tropospheric scatter (d) ionospheric reflection
119 VLF waves are used for some specific applications because:
(a) they easily penetrate ionosphere
(c) they are very reliable
123. If wave of critical frequency 30 MHz is departing at an angle of 600, then the MUF is:
(a) 10 MHz
(b) 15 MHz
(c) 40 MHz
(d) 60 MHz
124 If 0 is the angle of incidence, d is the distance between transmitter and receiver and R
is the radius of earth, the take-off angle is given by the relation:
(a) = 90 - 0 - 57.3 d / 2R
(c) = 90 + 0 - 57.3 d / 2R
(b) = 90 - 0 + 57.3 d / 2R
(d) = 90 + 0 + 57.3 d / 2R