USEFUL VOCABULARY IN ENGLISH

consider
deem to be
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
At the moment, artemisinin-based therapies are considered the best
treatment, but cost about $10 per dose - far too much for impoverished
communities.
minute
infinitely or immeasurably small
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The minute stain on the document was not visible to the naked eye.
accord
concurrence of opinion
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The committee worked in accord on the bill, and it eventually passed.
evident
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
That confidence was certainly evident in the way Smith handled the winning
play with 14 seconds left on the clock.
practice
a customary way of operation or behavior
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He directed and acted in plays every season and became known for
exploring Elizabethan theatre practices.
intend
have in mind as a purpose
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Lipstick, as a product intended for topical use with limited absorption, is
ingested only in very small quantities, the agency said on its website.
concern
something that interests you because it is important or affects you
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The scandal broke out in October after former chief executive Michael
Woodford claimed he was fired for raising concerns about the company's
accounting practices.
commit
perform an act, usually with a negative connotation
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

In an unprecedented front page article in 2003 The Times reported that

Mr. Blair, a young reporter on its staff, had committed journalistic fraud.
issue
some situation or event that is thought about
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
As a result, the privacy issues surrounding mobile computing are becoming
ever-more complex.
approach
move towards
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Spains jobless rate for people ages 16 to 24 is approaching 50 percent.
establish
set up or found
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A small French colony, Port Louis, was established on East Falkland in 1764
and handed to the Spanish three years later.
utter
without qualification; used informally as (often pejorative) intensifiers
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
No one can blame an honest mechanic for holding a wealthy snob in utter
contempt.
conduct
direct the course of; manage or control
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Scientists have been conducting studies of individual genes for years.
engage
consume all of one's attention or time
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
We had nearly two hundred passengers, who were seated about on the
sofas, reading, or playing games, or engaged in conversation.
obtain
come into possession of
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He delayed making the unclassified report public while awaiting an Army
review, but Rolling Stone magazine obtained the report and posted it Friday
night.
scarce
deficient in quantity or number compared with the demand

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Meanwhile, heating oil could grow more scarce in the Northeast this winter,
the Energy Department warned last month.
policy
a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Inflation has lagged behind the central banks 2 percent target, giving policy
makers extra scope to cut rates.
straight
successive (without a break)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
After three straight losing seasons, Hoosiers fans were just hoping for a
winning record.
stock
the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling
holders to an ownership interest (equity)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In other words, Apples stock is cheap, and you should buy it.
apparent
clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But the elderly creak is beginning to become apparent in McCartneys
voice.
property
a basic or essential attribute shared by all members of a class
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Owing to these magic properties, it was often planted near dwellings to keep away evil spirits.
fancy
imagine; conceive of; see in one's mind
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
For a time, indeed, he had fancied that things were changed.
concept
an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
As a psychologist, I have always found the concept of speed dating fascinating.
court
an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

When Brown pleaded not guilty to assaulting Rihanna, their violent past came out in court.
appoint
assign a duty, responsibility or obligation to
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In 1863 he was appointed by the general assembly professor of oriental languages at New
College.
passage
a section of text; particularly a section of medium length
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
His interpretation of many obscure scriptural passages by means of native manners and customs
and traditions is particularly helpful and informing.
vain
unproductive of success
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
An attempt was made to ignore this brilliant and irregular book, but in vain; it was read all over
Europe.
instance
an occurrence of something
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In many instances large districts or towns would have fewer representatives than smaller ones,
or perhaps none at all.
coast
the shore of a sea or ocean
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Martello towers must be built within short distances all round the coast.
project
a planned undertaking
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The funds are aimed at helping build public projects including mass transit, electricity networks,
water utility and ports, it said.
commission
a special group delegated to consider some matter
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The developers are now seeking approval from the landmarks commission.
constant
a quantity that does not vary
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In 1929, Hubble independently put forward and confirmed the same idea, and the parameter later
became known as the Hubble constant.
circumstances

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The circumstances leading up to the shootings was not immediately available.
constitute
to compose or represent:"This wall forms the background of the stage setting"
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Oil and natural gas constituted almost 50 percent of Russian government revenue last year.
level
a relative position or degree of value in a graded group
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Only last month did the mens and womens unemployment rates reach the same level.
affect
have an effect upon
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The central bank will start distributing low-interest loans in early March to individuals and
small- and medium-sized companies affected by the flooding.
institute
set up or lay the groundwork for
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Corporations have to be more and more focused on instituting higher labor standards.
render
give an interpretation or rendition of
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But authorities had rendered the weapon and the explosive device inoperable, officials said.
appeal
be attractive to
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
To get traditional womens accessories to appeal to men, some designers are giving them manly
names and styles.
generate
bring into existence
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Qualities such as these are not generated under bad working practices of any sort.
theory
a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of
accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of
phenomena
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

Testing that theory begins Saturday night, as the Capitals take on Tampa Bay in another
important contest.
range
a variety of different things or activities
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Like American community colleges, admission at an open university is not competitive, but the
schools offer a range of programs, including doctoral degrees.
campaign
a race between candidates for elective office
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
At the same point in 2004 as an incumbent facing re-election Mr. Bush had taken in about
$145.6 million for his campaign.
league
an association of sports teams that organizes matches for its members
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
"When I broke into the big leagues until a month ago, Gary kept in touch," Mets third baseman
David Wright said.
labor
any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
More labor is entailed, more time is required, greater delay is occasioned in cleaning up, and the
amount of water used is much greater.
confer
have a conference in order to talk something over
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Ms. Stewart said Mrs. Bachmann conferred with her family and a few aides after her
disappointing showing on Tuesday evening.
grant
allow to have
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He had been granted entry into the White House only for the daily briefing, later that afternoon.
dwell
think moodily or anxiously about something
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But it is hardly necessary to dwell on so normal an event.
entertain
provide entertainment for
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

The first Super Bowl in 1967 featured college marching bands entertaining the crowds at
halftime.
contract
a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Contracts with utilities will be signed starting next month, he said.
earnest
characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Too much praise cannot be given to the earnest and efficient missionaries who founded and have
maintained this mission.
yield
give or supply
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
It is a very important honey plant, as it yields an exceptionally pure nectar and remains in bloom
a long time.
wander
to move or cause to move in a sinuous, spiral, or circular course
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
While each animal wandered through the maze, its brain was working furiously.
insist
be emphatic or resolute and refuse to budge
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Interior Department officials insisted that they had conducted an extensive scientific inquiry
before moving ahead with the spill response plan.
knight
originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person
honored by the sovereign for personal merit
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
convince
make (someone) agree, understand, or realize the truth or validity of something
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But though he listened he was not convinced.
inspire
serve as the inciting cause of
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
His surprising performance inspired an outpouring of fan adoration that has been dubbed
"Linsanity."

convention
a large formal assembly
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Last year, the industrys main trade convention, the Inside Self-Storage World Expo, organized
workshops in Las Vegas focusing on lien laws and auction sales.
skill
an ability that has been acquired by training
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He says many new drivers are terrified of motorway driving because they do not have the skills
or confidence needed.
harry
annoy continually or chronically
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Theres something uplifting about hearing a string instrument when Im feeling ragged or
harried.
financial
involving financial matters
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Meanwhile, universities have raised tuition every year, putting many students in a financial bind.
reflect
show an image of
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Teens ranting over chores and whatnot can often reflect deeper feelings of alienation or
perceived uncaring on the part of parents.
novel
an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Before Robert Barr publishes a novel he spends years in thinking the thing out.
furnish
provide or equip with furniture
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Instead, according to court documents, the money went toward furnishing mansions, flying in
private jets, and retaining a $120,000-a-year personal hairstylist.
compel
force somebody to do something
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But the flames grew too large, compelling firefighters to call off the rescue.
venture

proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Clearly he would not venture to descend while his enemy moved.
territory
the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
On Friday, West Africa regional group Ecowas condemned the rebels, urging them to end
hostilities and surrender all occupied territory.
temper
a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Oscar Wilde, to do him justice, bore this sort of rebuff with astonishing good temper and
sweetness.
bent
fixed in your purpose
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The business-oriented constituency of the Republican Party, Jacobs said, has been weakened by a
faction bent on lowering taxes and cutting spending.
intimate
marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The female spider can choose when to cut off intimate relations by eating her partner, or kicking
him out.
undertake
enter upon an activity or enterprise
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
An autopsy has reportedly been undertaken but the results are not expected for several weeks.
majority
(elections) more than half of the votes
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Republicans need just four seats in the Senate to take control as the majority party.
assert
to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In your talk you asserted the pill's risks of blood clotting, lung artery blockage, heart attack and
stroke are minimal.
crew
the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

Several pilots and crew members would have to escape at once, while safety divers watched,
ready to rescue anyone who became stuck.
chamber
a natural or artificial enclosed space
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
"Today," said the old man, "you must push through with me into my most solitary chamber, that
we may not be disturbed."
humble
marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Challenging yourself, playing up against stronger, tougher, and overall better competition will
keep you humble.
scheme
an elaborate and systematic plan of action
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Some companies in the Globe District of Arizona have started extensive underground schemes
for mining large tonnages very cheaply by "caving" methods.
keen
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Not one of his movements escaped her keen observation; she drank in every shiver.
liberal
having political or social views favoring reform and progress
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Romneys actually done well in open primaries where fiscally conservative yet socially liberal
independents have backed him over his opponents.
despair
a state in which all hope is lost or absent
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
There were wounded love, and wounded pride, and despair, and coming madness, all in that
piteous cry.
tide
the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In the case of mobile connectivity, a rising tide does not lift all boats.
attitude
a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain
ways
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

"Behaviours have changed and attitudes have changed," Mr Taylor said.

justify
show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He felt sure that if the circumstances justified it, the necessary proceedings could be taken.
flag
emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declared three days of mourning and ordered flags flown
at half staff.
merit
any admirable quality or attribute
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Thus far in our inquiry extraordinary merits have been offset by extraordinary defects.
manifest
reveal its presence or make an appearance
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A too rapid transformation of existing conditions might very easily lead to an economic crisis,
symptoms of which are already beginning to manifest themselves.
notion
a general inclusive concept
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Does that old notion that defense wins championships still hold up these days?
scale
relative magnitude
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
And there might not be much money, so fashion shows are done on a much smaller scale.
formal
characteristic of or befitting a person in authority
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A formal decision to call off the search is likely on Wednesday, rescue officials said.
resource
available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Economists assume that, under normal conditions, markets will allocate resources efficiently,
he added.
persist
continue to exist

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Old ideas, long after the conditions under which they were produced have passed away, often
persist in surviving.
contempt
lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
And with his backhanded contempt for all things ordinary, Blake is making some of the
catchiest, most difficult music in recent memory.
tour
a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He typed in South Park and took senior executives on a tour of Web sites offering pirated
episodes.
plead
enter a plea, as in courts of law
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Aria pleaded not guilty, but he acknowledged that he had violated some laws.
weigh
to be oppressive or burdensome
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
So far, the political turmoil has not appeared to have discouraged visitors, but prolonged strife
could weigh on tourism.
mode
how something is done or how it happens
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Speaking of science, he says, in language far in advance of his times: There are two modes of
knowingby argument and by experiment.
distinction
a discrimination between things as different and distinct
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But such a distinction is quite external; at heart the men may be very much alike.
inclined
at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Such an inclined passage following a seam of coal is known as a slope.
attribute
an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

The authors found that when the available prospects varied more in attributes such as age,
height, occupation and educational background, people made fewer dating proposals.
exert
make a great effort at a mental or physical task
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
School boards may come to exert even greater influence over what students read.
financial
involving financial matters
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Meanwhile, universities have raised tuition every year, putting many students in a financial bind.
reflect
show an image of
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Teens ranting over chores and whatnot can often reflect deeper feelings of alienation or
perceived uncaring on the part of parents.
novel
an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Before Robert Barr publishes a novel he spends years in thinking the thing out.
furnish
provide or equip with furniture
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Instead, according to court documents, the money went toward furnishing mansions, flying in
private jets, and retaining a $120,000-a-year personal hairstylist.
compel
force somebody to do something
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But the flames grew too large, compelling firefighters to call off the rescue.
venture
proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Clearly he would not venture to descend while his enemy moved.
territory
the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a sovereign state
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
On Friday, West Africa regional group Ecowas condemned the rebels, urging them to end
hostilities and surrender all occupied territory.
temper

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Oscar Wilde, to do him justice, bore this sort of rebuff with astonishing good temper and
sweetness.
bent
fixed in your purpose
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The business-oriented constituency of the Republican Party, Jacobs said, has been weakened by a
faction bent on lowering taxes and cutting spending.
intimate
marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The female spider can choose when to cut off intimate relations by eating her partner, or kicking
him out.
undertake
enter upon an activity or enterprise
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
An autopsy has reportedly been undertaken but the results are not expected for several weeks.
majority
(elections) more than half of the votes
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Republicans need just four seats in the Senate to take control as the majority party.
assert
to declare or affirm solemnly and formally as true
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In your talk you asserted the pill's risks of blood clotting, lung artery blockage, heart attack and
stroke are minimal.
crew
the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Several pilots and crew members would have to escape at once, while safety divers watched,
ready to rescue anyone who became stuck.
chamber
a natural or artificial enclosed space
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
"Today," said the old man, "you must push through with me into my most solitary chamber, that
we may not be disturbed."
humble
marked by meekness or modesty; not arrogant or prideful

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Challenging yourself, playing up against stronger, tougher, and overall better competition will
keep you humble.
scheme
an elaborate and systematic plan of action
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Some companies in the Globe District of Arizona have started extensive underground schemes
for mining large tonnages very cheaply by "caving" methods.
keen
having or demonstrating ability to recognize or draw fine distinctions
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Not one of his movements escaped her keen observation; she drank in every shiver.
liberal
having political or social views favoring reform and progress
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Romneys actually done well in open primaries where fiscally conservative yet socially liberal
independents have backed him over his opponents.
despair
a state in which all hope is lost or absent
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
There were wounded love, and wounded pride, and despair, and coming madness, all in that
piteous cry.
tide
the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In the case of mobile connectivity, a rising tide does not lift all boats.
attitude
a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain
ways
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
"Behaviours have changed and attitudes have changed," Mr Taylor said.
justify
show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He felt sure that if the circumstances justified it, the necessary proceedings could be taken.
flag
emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas declared three days of mourning and ordered flags flown
at half staff.
merit
any admirable quality or attribute
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Thus far in our inquiry extraordinary merits have been offset by extraordinary defects.
manifest
reveal its presence or make an appearance
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A too rapid transformation of existing conditions might very easily lead to an economic crisis,
symptoms of which are already beginning to manifest themselves.
notion
a general inclusive concept
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Does that old notion that defense wins championships still hold up these days?
scale
relative magnitude
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
And there might not be much money, so fashion shows are done on a much smaller scale.
formal
characteristic of or befitting a person in authority
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A formal decision to call off the search is likely on Wednesday, rescue officials said.
resource
available source of wealth; a new or reserve supply that can be drawn upon when needed
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Economists assume that, under normal conditions, markets will allocate resources efficiently,
he added.
persist
continue to exist
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Old ideas, long after the conditions under which they were produced have passed away, often
persist in surviving.
contempt
lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
And with his backhanded contempt for all things ordinary, Blake is making some of the
catchiest, most difficult music in recent memory.

tour
a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He typed in South Park and took senior executives on a tour of Web sites offering pirated
episodes.
plead
enter a plea, as in courts of law
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Aria pleaded not guilty, but he acknowledged that he had violated some laws.
weigh
to be oppressive or burdensome
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
So far, the political turmoil has not appeared to have discouraged visitors, but prolonged strife
could weigh on tourism.
mode
how something is done or how it happens
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Speaking of science, he says, in language far in advance of his times: There are two modes of
knowingby argument and by experiment.
distinction
a discrimination between things as different and distinct
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But such a distinction is quite external; at heart the men may be very much alike.
inclined
at an angle to the horizontal or vertical position
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Such an inclined passage following a seam of coal is known as a slope.
attribute
an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of an entity
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The authors found that when the available prospects varied more in attributes such as age,
height, occupation and educational background, people made fewer dating proposals.
exert
make a great effort at a mental or physical task
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
School boards may come to exert even greater influence over what students read.
oppress
come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Those who managed to survive were later oppressed by Poland's post-war communist
authorities.
contend
compete for something; engage in a contest; measure oneself against others
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But eight men, however bold and stout-hearted, could not long contend with an enemy at least
four times their number.
stake
a strong wooden or metal post with a point at one end so it can be driven into the ground
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
His remains were buried in Cannon Street, and a stake was driven through the body.
toil
work hard
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He toiled in the sweat of his brow, tilling the stubborn ground, taking out stones, building fences.
perish
pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Simon Wiesenthal's parents are long since deceased, with his father dying in World War I and his
mother perishing in the Holocaust.
disposition
your usual mood
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Melancholia the state of mind can hide behind seemingly sunny dispositions.
rail
complain bitterly
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Mr. Gray railed against lengthy stage directions, saying he crossed them out in scripts before he
would begin rehearsals with his actors.
cardinal
(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred
College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Each time he names cardinals he puts his stamp on Roman Catholicism's future by choosing
men who share his views.
boast
show off
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

Mr. Estes was also well connected politically, boasting that the president of the United States
took his calls.
advocate
a person who pleads for a cause or propounds an idea
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Well, safety advocates, consumers and the government dragged the automobile industry toward
including seat belts, air bags, more visible taillights and other safety features.
bestow
present
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He bestowed public buildings and river improvements in return for votes.
allege
report or maintain
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
It is being fired into enclosed areas and homes, the human rights group alleges.
notwithstanding
despite anything to the contrary (usually following a concession)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He seems to have taken things easily enough, notwithstanding the sorrow and suffering that
surrounded him on every side.
lofty
of imposing height; especially standing out above others
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He found himself in an enormous hall with a lofty ceiling.
multitude
a large indefinite number
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Department store chains in general have been strained in recent years as a "multitude" of
alternatives has emerged, all competing for customers.
steep
having a sharp inclination
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
It was narrow and very steep, and had precipices in all parts, so that they could not mount
upward except one at a time.
heed
pay close attention to; give heed to
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But Cain was already too far gone to heed the warning voice.

modest
not large but sufficient in size or amount
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A healthy person living in an unfashionable city with no student loans to pay off can get by on a
fairly modest income.
partial
being or affecting only a part; not total
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Generalizations of this sweeping order are apt to contain only partial truth.
apt
(usually followed by `to') naturally disposed toward
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Another reason to display beds at an electronics show: consumers are apt to use high-tech
devices while tucked in.
esteem
the condition of being honored (esteemed or respected or well regarded)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Despite being held in the highest esteem by his fellow poets, Redgrove never quite achieved the
critical reception or readership he deserved.
credible
appearing to merit belief or acceptance
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Mike Mullen, then chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, has acknowledged receiving the memo
but said he ignored it as not credible.
provoke
provide the needed stimulus for
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
It provoked a bigger reaction than we could ever have anticipated.
tread
a step in walking or running
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The farmer went down, his clumsy boots making no sound on the uncarpeted stairway, so careful
was his tread.
ascertain
learn or discover with certainty
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Health care providers and manufacturers can ascertain alternative treatment more effectively by
tackling predicted drug shortage incidences early in the process.
fare

proceed or get along

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
A recent study breaks down how graduates with various college degrees are faring in todays
difficult job market.
cede
relinquish possession or control over
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Some militia chiefs say they will only cede command of their fighters once an organized military
and security apparatus is in place.
perpetual
continuing forever or indefinitely
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The river is a perpetual enjoyment, always something going on.
decree
a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or
judge)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
While the decree takes effect immediately, it requires Parliaments approval within 60 days to
remain in force.
contrive
make or work out a plan for; devise
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The wily Roc, never taken much by surprise, contrived to escape, but old Tributor and his men
were all captured.
derived
formed or developed from something else; not original
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Modern kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, and kohlrabi are all members of
the same species, derived from a single prehistoric plant variety.
elaborate
marked by complexity and richness of detail
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
But the tobacco industry and owners of other convenience stores say tribal cigarette
manufacturing is just an elaborate form of tax evasion.
substantial
having substance or capable of being treated as fact; not imaginary
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Defence lawyers said the large number of forensic tests which had been carried out had failed to
find any substantial evidence linked to the accused.
frontier

a wilderness at the edge of a settled area of a country

EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Adding to the precarious security situation, tribesmen kidnapped 18 Egyptian border guards
along the frontier with Israel in Sinai Peninsula.
facile
arrived at without due care or effort; lacking depth
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
As one teacher remarks about a troubled student, There is no facile solution.
cite
make reference to
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
The Federal Reserve has pledged low interest rates until late 2014, citing in part the weakness of
the job market.
warrant
show to be reasonable or provide adequate ground for
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In the United Kingdom and Europe the devices are not used unless the need is warranted by the
patient's medical condition.
sob
weep convulsively
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
He cried and trembled, sobbing, while they spoke, like the child he was.
rider
a traveler who actively rides an animal (as a horse or camel)
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
In horseback riding, a rider will give commands by squeezing or lengthening the reins and
altering the position of his legs.
dense
permitting little if any light to pass through because of denseness of matter
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Dense black smoke rose in the distance as demonstrators burned tires in Shiite villages.
afflict
cause physical pain or suffering in
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:
Melanoma globally afflicts nearly 160,000 new people each year.
flourish
grow vigorously
EXAMPLE SENTENCE:

His business had been all along steadily flourishing, his patrons had been of high social position,
some most illustrious, others actually royal.