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d) Susceptibility
e) Lymphatic
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.1 List the components and major functions of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
Question type: Essay
4) Describe how lymphatic capillaries are one-way only vessels.
Answer:
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.2 Describe the organization of lymphatic vessels.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
Solution: The ends of the endothelial cells in the wall of the lymphatic capillary overlap. When
pressure is higher in the interstitial fluid than in the lymph, the cells separate slightly allowing
interstitial fluid into the vessel. When pressure is greater inside, the cells are tightly packed, not
allowing the lymph to cross back into the interstitial fluid.
Question type: Multiple Choice
5) What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?
a) Proteins
b) WBC
c) RBC
d) Lipids
e) Carbohydrates
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.1 List the components and major functions of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
6) Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system?
a) Spleen
b) Lymph node
c) Red bone marrow
d) Thymus
e) Pancreas
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
7) The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the
a) Left axillary vein
b) Lumbar trunk
c) Jugular trunk
d) Thoracic duct
e) Right lymphatic duct
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.2 Describe the organization of lymphatic vessels.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
8) The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in the
a) Lymphatic system
b) Cardiovascular system
c) Immune system
d) Lymphatic and Immune systems only
e) Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.3 Explain the formation and flow of lymph.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
9) Which organ produces a hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?
a) Spleen
b) Lymph node
c) Red bone marrow
d) Thymus
e) Pancreas
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
10) In which part of the thymus are T cells thought to die?
a) Capsule
b) Trabeculae
c) Epithelial cells
d) Thymic (Hassalls) corpuscles
e) T cells do not die in the thymus
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.2 Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
23) Which of the following stimulates an immune response ONLY when it is attached to a large
carrier molecule?
a) Epitope
b) Antigen
c) Hapten
d) MHC antigen
e) CD8
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.2 Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
24) Genetic recombination generates diversity in what part (s) of the immune system?
a) Antigen receptors
b) MHC antigen
c) Hapten
d) MHC antigen and antigen receptors
e) Epitopes
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.2 Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
25) Which class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells?
a) Antigen presenting cells
b) Primary lymphocytes
c) T cells
d) RBC
e) Epitope cells
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.2 Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
26) To become activated, which of the following requires being bound to a foreign antigen AND
simultaneous costimulation?
a) B Cell
b) T Cell
c) Interferon
d) MHC antigen
e) Antigen presenting cell
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.5 Understand the components and functions of the cell-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.5.1 Outline the steps in a cell-mediated immune response.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.5 Cell-mediated Immunity
27) Which cells display CD4 proteins and interact with MHC Class II antigens?
a) Cytotoxic T cells
b) Helper T Cells
c) Memory T Cells
d) MHC antigens
e) B cells
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.5 Understand the components and functions of the cell-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.5.1 Outline the steps in a cell-mediated immune response.
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.2 List the chemical characteristics and actions of antibodies.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
31) Which of the following leads to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and lysis of
microbes?
a) Classical complement system
b) Alternative complement system
c) Apoptosis
d) Classical and Alternative complement systems
e) Hapten activation
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.3 Explain how the complement system operates.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
32) Which action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis?
a) Opsonization
b) Cytolysis
c) Inflammation
d) Complement
e) Hybridoma
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.3 Explain how the complement system operates.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
33) Which of the following is an inactive, self responsive cell?
a) Deleted cell
b) Hybridoma cell
c) Epitopic cell
d) Anergy cell
e) Natural killer cell
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.7 Describe how self-recognition and self-tolerance develop.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.7 Self-Recognition and Self-Tolerance
34) In the diagram, where do pluripotent stem cells come from?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) None of these choices
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
Question type: Essay
36) What does this diagram represent?
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.2 Describe the organization of lymphatic vessels.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
Solution: The one-way flow of lymph through a lymph vessel.
Question type: Multiple Choice
37) In the diagram this vessel drains lymph from the upper right side of the body into venous
blood using a subclavian vein.
a) B
b) C
c) F
d) G
e) E
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.2 Describe the organization of lymphatic vessels.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
38) Which region includes B cells, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages?
a) B
b) C
c) D
d) E
e) F
Answer: b
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
39) In the diagram, which region includes B cells, plasma cells and macrophages?
a) B
b) C
c) D
d) E
e) None of these choices
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
Question type: Essay
Answer:
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.3 Compare the functions of cell-mediated immunity and antibodymediated immunity.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
Solution: The diagram represents processing and presenting of exogenous antigen by an antigenpresenting cell.
Question type: Multiple Choice
41) The inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen causes
a) immunodeficiency diseases
b) allergy
c) autoimmune disease
d) transplantations
e) graft
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.11 Describe the disorders of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Lymphatic System and
Immunity
42) An acute allergic response can lead to:
a) transplantation
b) retroviruses
c) anaphylactic shock
d) passive immunity
e) active immunity
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.11 Describe the disorders of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Lymphatic System and
Immunity
43) Natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to:
a) Passive immunity
b) Active immunity
c) Both of these choices
d) None of these choices
Answer: b
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.4 Distinguish between a primary response and a secondary response
to infection.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
44) Which class of antibodies indicates a recent invasion?
a) IgA
b) IgE
c) IgM
d) IgD
e) IgG
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.4 Distinguish between a primary response and a secondary response
to infection.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
45) Which of the following cells is part of the bodys second line of defense?
a) Mucous cells
b) Germ cells
c) B and T Lymphocytes
d) Natural killer cells
e) None of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.3 Describe the components of innate immunity.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.3 Innate Immunity
46) Which of the following cells is the most variable cell in the immune system?
a) Natural killer cell
b) Monocyte
c) RBC
d) Lymphocyte
e) Macrophage
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.3 Describe the components of innate immunity.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.3 Innate Immunity
47) The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure?
a) 1 day or less
b) 27
c) 1017
d) 2030
e) Over a month
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.4 Distinguish between a primary response and a secondary response
to infection.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
48) Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?
a) Nonspecific
b) Specific
c) Cell mediated
d) Antibody mediated immunity
e) None of these choices
Answer: a
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.3 Describe the components of innate immunity.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.3 Innate Immunity
49) The ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked is
called
a) Specificity
b) Immunogenicity
c) Reactivity
d) Epitopes
e) Immune Response
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.2 Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
50) Which of the following is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell
functions?
a) Enzyme
b) Kinins
c) Cytokine
d) MHC
e) Leukocyte
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.3 Compare the functions of cell-mediated immunity and antibodymediated immunity.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
51) Which structure in the figure is the main duct for the return of lymph to the blood?
a) A
b) F
c) G
d) C
e) H
Answer: a
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.1 List the components and major functions of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
52) Which structure in the figure is a lymphatic vessel?
a) B
b) C
c) D
d) J
e) G
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.1 List the components and major functions of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
53) Which structure in the figure is the cisterna chyli?
a) J
b) C
c) F
d) H
e) A
Answer: c
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.1 List the components and major functions of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
54) Which structure in the figure is the right lymphatic duct?
a) D
b) C
c) F
d) H
e) A
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.1 List the components and major functions of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
55) Lymph flowing from the afferent lymphatic vessel will travel next to which structure in the
figure?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: b
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.3 Explain the formation and flow of lymph.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
56) Lymph travels to the efferent lymphatic vessel from which structure in the figure?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.3 Explain the formation and flow of lymph.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
57) Lymph travels from the medullary sinus to which structure in the figure?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: e
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.3 Explain the formation and flow of lymph.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
58) Lymph travels to the subcapsular sinus from which structure in the figure?
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) E
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.3 Explain the formation and flow of lymph.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
a) B cells
b) dendritic cells
c) macrophages
d) T cells
e) plasma cells
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
a) A
b) B
c) C
d) D
e) None of these choices
Answer: d
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.1 Understand the various components and major functions of the
lymphatic system.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.1.4 Compare the structure and functions of the primary and secondary
lymphatic organs and tissues.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Function
62) Which type of adaptive immunity will result from intravenous injection of
immunoglobulins?
a) naturally acquired active immunity
b) naturally acquired passive immunity
c) artificially acquired active immunity
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.4 Distinguish between a primary response and a secondary response
to infection.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.6 Antibody-mediated Immunity
65) Which cells increase the permeability of blood vessels by releasing histamine?
a) neutrophils
b) eosinophils
c) lymphocytes
d) mast cells
e) macrophages
Answer: d
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.3 Describe the components of innate immunity.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.3 Innate Immunity
66) Which cytokine released by macrophages acts on the hypothalamus to raise the body
temperature during fever?
a) Interleukin-1
b) Interleukin-2
c) Interleukin-4
d) Gamma interferon
e) Perforin
Answer: a
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.4 Understand the components and functions of adaptive (specific)
immunity and compare cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immunity.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.4.2 Explain the relationship between an antigen and an antibody.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.4 Adaptive Immunity
67) Antigens that induce an allergic reaction are called
a) lymphotoxin
b) perforin
c) granulysin
d) interleukin-1
e) allergen
Answer: e
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.11 Describe the disorders of the lymphatic system.
Section Reference 1: Disorders: Homeostatic Imbalances that Affect the Lymphatic System and
Immunity
68) Which cell is considered to be the most important cell in the immune system?
a) Cytotoxic T Cells
b) B lymphocytes
c) T Helper cells
d) Eosinophils
e) macrophages
Answer: c
Difficulty: Hard
Study Objective 1: SO 22.5 Understand the components and functions of the cell-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.5.2 Distinguish between the action of natural killer cells and cytotoxic
T cells.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.5 Cell-mediated Immunity
69) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the immune system?
a) Increased susceptibility to infections
b) Increased susceptibility to malignancies
c) Decreased response to vaccines
d) Increased response of T cells to antigens
e) Decreased production of antibodies
Answer: d
Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 22.9 Describe the effects of aging on the immune system.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.9 Aging and the Immune System
70) Which of the following is an effect of stress on the immune system?
a) Increased activity of T lymphocytes
b) Increased activity of B lymphocytes
c) Activation of the immune system
b) Digestive system
c) Muscular system
d) Urinary system
e) Reproductive system
Answer: c
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.10 Describe how the lymphatic system contributes to homeostasis.
Section Reference 1: Focus on Homeostasis: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
74) Which of the following is an incorrect matching of immune system cells and their functions?
a) Macrophage process and presentation of foreign antigens to T cells
b) Dendritic cell processes and presents antigen to T and B cells
c) B cells process and presents antigen to helper T cells
d) Plasma cell produces and secretes antibodies
e) All of these are correct matching of the cells and their functions
Answer: e
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.7 Describe how self-recognition and self-tolerance develop.
Section Reference 1: Sec 22.7 Self-Recognition and Self-Tolerance
Question Type: Essay
75) Describe the ways to acquire adaptive immunity.
Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 22.6 Understand the components and functions of the antibody-mediated
immune response.
Study Objective 2: SO 22.6.4 Distinguish between a primary response and a secondary response
to infection.
Answer: Naturally acquired active immunity is acquired following exposure to a microbe,
antigen recognition by B and T cells and costimulation leading to formation of antibodysecreting plasma cells, cytotoxic T cells, and B and T memory cells. Naturally acquired passive
immunity occurs when IgG antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus across the placental
barrier or IgA antibodies are transferred from mother to infant during breast-feeding. Artificially
acquired active immunity is acquired via antigens introduced during vaccinations. Artificially
acquired passive immunity is acquired via intravenous injection of immunoglobulins.