Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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WITH"FApING~ .BRICKWORK
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CONTENTS
PAGE
... 3
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
.... 4
TYpe of brick
2
3
Mortar composition
5
6
7
8
9
10
................................ ........................ 7
Thickness of leaf
Cavity walls
Width of air space within any cavity
Mortar joint, profile and finish .
..
8
8
8
9
....................
10
..
12
...... ......... ........................... .. 13
..
General
Perfonnance
[unctions
.......... 14
... 15
... 15
..
..
................................................................ 15
.. 15
.......
Cavity walls
Over openings
Arches
Stop ends
Weepholes
.... 16
. 16
..
.. ..
16
.... 17
..
17
Requirements for damp proof cou rses and cavity trays for specific parts of buildings
At jambs to openings
..
Sills
..
Requiremen ts for additional cavity trayswith cavity insulation
External wall becoming an internal wall
..
Parapets
Copings a nd ca ppings
Chimneys
Structural frames
..
18
19
19
20
.. 20
21
22
22
..
23
CONCLUSION
........................ 23
REFERENCES
...................................................... 23
....................................... 24
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLES
Table 1
Table 2
Table 3
Table 4
..
5
7
10
.......... 15
INTRODUCTION
SCOPE
The resistance of masonry to wind-dnven rain
involves assess ing performance relative to
anticipated exposure, as opposed to achieving an
absolute condition of its being waterproof. This
publication examines and comments on the relative
significance of the various factors that need to be
consideredwhen assessing exposure and then
specifying an appropriate wall construction for any
pa rticular application.
Solid brick wallconstruction is considered and
also the protection offered by rendered finishes is
acknowledged, but the publication concentrates on
the deta il design and s pecificat ion of cavtty walling
Categoryof Exposure
driven rain
{/it1f!$Im2 P'"~
Less than 33
Moderate
5evere
Very severe
Tolile
type of brick
mortar composition
thicknessof leaf
presenceof a cavity
width of airspace within any cavity
Detailed considerations
1 7'fpe of brick
Brick ty pes vary considerably in their physical
properties, bu t when specifying brickwork with
ABSORBENT
DENSE
3 Thickness of leaf
2 M ortar composition
Mortars vary in water permeability relative to
their cem ent content, high strength mortars of
Unrendered
Rendered
Extemally
insulated
Impervious
Cladding
(SlMJn I}
{saMJrl: 2}
(SarAAT3)
(SEl NOff 4/
of brickwork(mm)
90
2'5
not recommended
61
328
440
Minimum thickness ofsolid brickwork walls, with and without rendering. to resist rain penetration in various
categories 01 exposure (Based onTable 11 inBS 5628: Part31
'I.e
4 Cavity walls
--l'> >c__
~
-~
.
..
. )
.
-_. -
penetration by water.
Recessed joint
"
Bucket
Handle
Struck
Weathered
Flush
Recess ed
7 Cavity insulation
_Intem.r
brick or block
by
Product
..... ; ..
Mineralfibreslabs
Foamedglass slabs
Expanded polystyrenebead board
Extrudedexpanded polystyrene board
Futl-Fill CavityInsulation
UTTS to U 811U.TIN
Mineralfibre bolts
Part 2 Installation
Mineralfibre
Polystyrene beads
Polystyrene granules
5617 Specification
5618 Installation
7456 Instal/ation
7457 Sped{icotion
of Cavity walls)
mble 3
insulated walls
b}
local exposure.
itoo ve
Performance
To ensure adequate performance, dpc's and
cavitytrays should have the following material
properties:
Material
..:.
Rigid Materials
OA r DI'C MICKS
complying with as 392 1
.t
SLAn
comptying with as 743
.t
Semi-Rigid Materials
MASTIC AsnlALT
nf a
..... .. . .. ... .
..... .;
Flexible Materials
UADSHET
COP1'EJt SHEET
~
~
~
~
'"
laDle 4
Junct ions
Immediately abovegroundlevel
Belowgroundlevel
Horizontal and vertical dpc's are required where
the lowestfloor of the buildings is belowground
level. Inthis situation it may be necessaryto
considertanking (seeas 8102 Bri dsh Standard
Code of pracdce for
protection of structur es
._--.-_
... .....,."-'r'
Arches
The curved form of an arch makes the use of a
normal cavity tray impossible. A conventional cavity
Over openings
should be taken to
ensure effective
weepholesare
provided.
'Right
Stopends
Weepholes
Sills
All pervious or jointed sills, or sub -sills, shou ld
be provided with a dpc for the full length and width
of the sill bed. The dpc should be overlapped by the
vertical dpc's at the jambs of the openings [see
figure on page 18). Where the sill is in contact with
the inner leaf, the dpc should be turned up at the
back and ends for the full depth of the sill(see figure
on page 8).
Parapets
Chimneys
Chim neys may be built in solid or cavity wall
construction. Wherea chimney stack is
incorporated in an outer cavity wall, preferably the
outerleaf and cavityshould be continuous around
the chimney stack for the full height of the outer
wall and then comp letely surround the chimney
stac k whe re is projects above the roof. Corbelling
from the chimney breast may be necessary below
the roof line, to sup port the outer leaf at the sides
and back of the chimney stack.
If the chimney is set in an internal partition or
party wall and the roof is steeply pitched, a
reasonable height of chimney willbe exposed in the
roof void and a ny dampness in the masonry will be
able to dryout in a ventilated roofspace. However,
with a low pitched roof, whe n a chimney is located
at the eaves, or the roofspace accommodates
habitable rooms this beneficial effect will not apply
and particular carein the design and construction
of the roof/chim ney intersection wtll be necessary
to prevent moisture penetrating into the masonry
below.
Opc trays should be provided to prevent the
Structuralframes
Maso nry supported by a structural fram e,
requires particular attention to be paid to the
detai ling of trays and dpc's to ensure their
continuity. Where cavity brickwork is supported on
a n edge bea m, or floor slab, a cavity tray with a
minimum upsta nd of 150 mm should be provided
to prevent moisture penetration into the structure.
The cavity trayshould be continuous around any
column, or other structural member, that obstructs
the cavity. When a structural memb er bridges the
cavity, a vertical dpc should be included between
the structural member and the external leaf, and
stop ends fitted to any ad jacent cavity trays.
Where complex shapes are needed,
prefabricated cloaks should be cons idered to
minimise difficulties of construction.
eft
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
1. Building Research Establishment. Repo rt Driving
Rain Index (1976)
avoiding risks.
4. B5 5628: Part 3: 1985. British Standard Code of
for masonry.
12. Brick Development Association Building Note 1. .
Brickwork Good Site Practice. (1991) TLKnight
13. B5 8215: 1991. British Standard Code of practice
ISBN
o 900191 OS
Page 11 upp er :
Page 11 lower:
Page 21 upper:
~~mVD~on
All enquiries should be addressed to the a utho r at the Brick Development Assoc iation.
The contents of this pubhcatmnare intended for general guidance only and any person intendmg to use these contents for the purpose of design. construction or
repair of bnckworkor any related prcject should first consult a Professional Adviser.
TheBrick Development Association. Itsservants. and any persons who contributed to or who were In any way connected With this publicationaccept no babihty
arising from negligence or otherwise howsoevercaused for any inluryor damage to any person or property as a result of any use or reliance on any method,
product. instruction. idea,or other contents of this publication.