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What is a fault?
A fracture in a rock formation along which there has been movement of the blocks of rock on
either side of the plane of fracture. Faults are caused by plate-tectonic forces.
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which
there has been significant displacement along the fractures as a result of earth movement.
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UNIT-II : PART-A
1. Mention the types of vibration
Free vibration
Forced vibration
system.
UNIT-III -PART-A
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What is floating column? How does their presence affect the seismic performance of
a building?
A column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from foundation level and
transferring the load to the ground. The term floating column is also a vertical element
which ends (due to architectural design/ site situation) at its lower level (termination
Level) rests on a beam which is a horizontal member.
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Define ductility.
Ductility is a solid material's ability to deform under tensile stress; this is often
characterized by the material's ability to be stretched into a wire. Malleability, a similar
property, is a material's ability to deform under compressive stress; this is often
characterized by the material's ability to form a thin sheet by hammering or rolling.
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UNIT-IV
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UNIT V PART-A
1. Mention the software packages for seismic analysis &design.
Seisware software,
OMNI 3D,
Oasys software
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PERIODIC3
NEi Software
Diana software
Define Logarithmic Decrement.
where x(t) is the amplitude at time t and x(t+nT) is the amplitude of the peak n periods
away, where n is any integer number of successive, positive peaks. The damping ratio is
then found from the logarithmic decrement:
The damping ratio can then be used to find the natural frequency n of vibration of the
system from the damped natural frequency d:
where T, the period of the waveform, is the time between two successive amplitude peaks
of the underdamped system.
7.Define Resonance.
Resonance is the tendency of a system to oscillate with greater amplitude at some
frequencies than at others. Frequencies at which the response amplitude is a relative
maximum are known as the system's resonant frequencies, or resonance frequencies