HSDD 30 40

Slide -1
Week 11: Cross talk
Week 11:
Cross Talk in Uniform Transmission Lines
Prof Eric Bogatin, Dean, Signal Integrity Academy
Teledyne LeCroy www.beTheSignal.com, eric@beTheSignal.com
Adjunct Prof, ECEE Dept CU, Boulder
And
Prof Melinda Piket-May
Assoc. Prof, ECEE Dept, CU, Boulder
Spring 2015
March 2015
ECEN 5224 High Speed Digital Design Prof Eric Bogatin www.beTheSignal.com
Slide -2
Week 11: Cross talk
Joke of the day
Slide -3
Week 11: Cross talk
Pop Quiz
(3 points)
Slide -4
Week 11: Cross talk
Topic Schedule
1.
Jan 12:
Welcome and intro
2.
Jan 19
holiday (chpt 1, 2, 3)
3.
Jan 26:
Transmission lines and signals (chpt 7)
4.
Feb 2:
Reflections and circuit simulations (chpt 8)
5.
Feb 9:
Discontinuities (chpt 5, 6)
6.
Feb 16:
Differential pairs (chpt 11)
7.
Feb 23:
S-parameters and the TDR (chpt 2, 12)
8.
Mar 2:
Attenuation and loss (chpt 9)
9.
Mar 9:
10. Mar 16:
Textbook for the class
High speed serial links (chpt 9, 11, 12) (mid term take home)
High speed scope measurements and jitter analysis
11. Mar 23: spring break

12. Mar 30
Cross talk (chpt 10)
13. April 6:
Ground bounce (chpt 6)
14. April 13:
PDN-1 (chpt 4, 6, 13)
15. April 20:
PDN-2
16. April 27
last class- final
Slide -5
Week 11: Cross talk
Week 11 Assignments due April 6, 2015

Next lecture: week 12 Ground bounce
Read chapter 160
View online lectures:
EPSI section 5: Ground bounce
EPSI section 6: Return plane transitions
Lab report: HOL HyperLynx cross talk in uniform

transmission lines
Term Projects due April 27
Slide -6
Week 11: Cross talk
Review of the Mid Term
Slide -7
Week 11: Cross talk
The Problem:
Measured Near and Far End XTK in Two Uniform Microstrips: 5 mil wide
line and space, 4 inches long
1 v incident
signal
Vnear
Vsignal
NEXT =
RT
Near end
Far end
FEXT =
Vfar
Vsignal
Incident signal
Transmitted signal
RT = 100 psec
NEXT: Measured near end cross talk
Very different signatures

Very different magnitudes
10% noise/div
FEXT: Measured far end cross talk
200 psec/div
Slide -8
Week 11: Cross talk
Fundamental Root Cause of Cross Talk:

Fringe Electric and Magnetic Fields
mutual electric field lines
Induced cross talk noise:

Changing mutual electric field
Changing mutual magnetic fields
mutual magnetic field lines
Two general ways of reducing

mutual field lines
Move the traces farther apart
Bring return plane closer to the signal
lines
Move traces apart
Bring return plane closer to signals
Slide -9
Week 11: Cross talk
Why Do we Use Planes in Boards?

Forget the word shielding!
To control the impedance
To keep the signal-return
electric, magnetic fringe
fields from spreading to
other signals.
Cross talk DRAMTICALLY
increases without an
adjacent plane!
Slide -10
Week 11: Cross talk
Two Most Important Principles of Cross Talk in

Busses
x = RT x v
1. The only way noise is induced

on quiet line is:
v = 6 inches/nsec
Electric field coupling = capacitive

changing voltage, dV/dt
Magnetic field coupling = inductive

changing current, dI/dt
2. Signals propagates and

induced noise propagates
1
2
1
2
dV
dt
dI
dt
CW signal current
CCW induced current
@ Near end: IC + IL
@ Far end: IC - IL
Slide -11
Week 11: Cross talk
Dynamics of Cross Talk

Using the XTK SimSIA.exe
Slide -12
Week 11: Cross talk
Induced Voltage Between Two Current Loops

Loop 1
Loop 1
dI1
dt
L21
CW
}
L21
CW
CCW
dI1
dt
CW
CCW
Loop 2
Loop 2
V2 = L21
dI1
dt
I2 =
V2 L21 dI1
=
Z2 Z2 dt
Lentzs: Direction of induced

current is opposite direction
of inducing current
What direction is the induced current?

Slide -13
Week 11: Cross talk
Most important Ways of Reducing NEXT,

FEXT: Control the Fringe Fields
s=w
s=2xw
Move traces farther apart

(keeping Z0 = 50 )
Nominal: s = w
s=2xw
Apart: s = 2 x w
s=w
Z0 = 50
Z0 = 35
Bring return plane closer to

signal lines (lower impedance)
Nominal: Z0 = 50 Ohms
Z0 = 35
Closer plane: Z0 = 35 Ohms
Z0 = 50
Slide -14
Week 11: Cross talk
Arent any!
Independent of rise time
Independent of coupling length
Which has lower NEXT?:

Microstrip
Stripline
Saturated NEXT Coefficient
How Else to Reduce NEXT?

For 50 lines in FR4
1
1E-1
Microstrip
1E-2
1E-3
Stripline
1E-4
1E-5
0
10
Ratio of Separation to w
How much cross talk is too much?

Mit depends!
Roughly 5%
For worst case NEXT

in a bus, keep NEXT < 2%
Design separation > 2 x w, MS or SL
Slide -15
Week 11: Cross talk
Other Ways of Controlling FEXT
Reduce FEXT:
RT
Len
Lower Z0
Larger spacing between signal traces
Shorter coupling length
FEXT
Example 1: Len = 10 inches, RT =

0.3 nsec, separation = w
k = -0.005, FEXT = 10 inches / 0.3
nsec x 0.005 = 17% !!!!!!
Example 2: Len = 2 inches, RT =

0.5 nsec, separation = 2 x w
k = -0.003, FEXT = 2 inches / 0.5 nsec
x 0.003 = 1%
Most important way of eliminating

FEXT
Value of coupling coefficient
Longer rise time

0.000
For 50 lines in FR4
-0.001
-0.002
-0.003
FEXT = k
-0.004
Len [in]
RT [nsec ]
-0.005
-0.006
1
Separation/w
Move to stripline! (IC = IL)

Week 11: Cross talk
Slide -16
Surface traces are on every board

Think Far End Cross Talk
Slide -17
Week 11: Cross talk
Eliminate FEXT with Stripline

Measured at Far end, Near end terminated, TDT end Open
TDR
50 Ohms
open
Far end noise
Differences:
TDR response
Noise response
Stripline
Microstrip
Far end cross talk

in microstrip:
IL > IC
No far end cross
talk in stripline:
IL = IC
Slide -18
Week 11: Cross talk
Diff Pair Near End Cross Talk:

Design Guidelines
For the same line width and diff impedance,

which has more channel to channel differential
cross talk?
Tightly coupled stripline differential pairs
Loosely coupled stripline differential pairs
Slide -19
Week 11: Cross talk
Cross Talk and Coupling in Stripline for Constant

Line Width, 100 Ohm diff impedance
Specs:
Z0_diff = 100 Ohms
W = 7 mils
oz copper
Dk = 4
top
bottom
Spacing = 1 x w
H1 = H2 = 13.1 mils
top
top
bottom
bottom
Spacing = 2 x w
H1 = H2 = 8.6 mils
Spacing = 3 x w
H1 = H2 = 8.2 mils
For the same line width and 100 Ohm diff impedance:
Tightly coupled diff pair requires planes farther away

Loosely coupled diff pairs enables planes closer
more fringe field coupling to neighbors

confines the fringe fields to neighbors
Slide -20
Week 11: Cross talk
Near End Cross Talk:

Design Space
Tight coupling: line to line s = w
-30 dB (3%)
-45 dB (0.5%)
Loose coupling:
line to line s = 2 x w
Uncoupled:
Line to line s = 3 x w
For -30 dB xtk:

Tightly coupled diff pair, pair to pair spacing = 1.5 x w
Loosely coupled diff pair, pair to pair spacing = 1 x w
For -45 dB xtk:
Tightly coupled diff pair, pair to pair spacing = 3.5 x w
Loosely coupled diff pair, pair to pair spacing = 2.5 x w
Slide -21
Week 11: Cross talk
A Common Problem with Dual Stripline: Two

Routing Layers Between Return Planes
Normally, route the

layers orthogonal
as x-y
But what if there is

inadvertent overlap?
For 50 Ohm lines, h ~ w

w
h
Broad side
coupled
stripline
Slide -22
Week 11: Cross talk
Broadside Coupling Can be Huge!

When there is perfect
overlap, broad side coupling,
NEXT ~ 18%
Signal is 1 v
When signals are offset by w,

NEXT ~ 12%
When signals are edge
coupled, NEXT ~ 5%
If dielectric thickness
between signal layers is
thinner, NEXT is larger
Always try to add dielectric fill layers between signal layers
Broadside coupling can be HUGE!

Slide -23
Week 11: Cross talk
Inadvertent Broad Side Coupled Stripline: Unintentional Co-parallel

Overlaps in BGA Breakout Region
Courtesy of Altera
Inadvertent broadside near end cross talk in

BGA break region can be > 15%!
This is a major sneaky failure mode
Keep inadvertent broad side coupling < 1/3 Lensat for the given rise time
Slide -24
Week 11: Cross talk
Summary
Cross talk is generated by capacitive and inductive coupling: fringe

electric and magnetic fields
Reduce NEXT, FEXT by:

Moving traces farther apart
Bringing return plane closer- lower impedance
Propagation direction creates different noise generated in the forward

or backward directions
For most digital applications, when s ~ w, watch out for NEXT, FEXT.
Try to keep s > 2 x w
Watch out for inadvertent broad side coupling
FEXT can be much higher than NEXT
See microstrip think FEXT
Far end noise is eliminated in stripline, always estimate FEXT in

microstrip
Slide -25
Week 11: Cross talk
Additional Important Topics Covered in

the Hands on Labs using HyperLynx
HSDD-30-41
What is RT and output impedance of driver?
Scaling of length, rise time, spacing for NEXT, FEXT, MS, SL
Saturation length and decreasing NEXT by decreasing coupling length
HSDD-30-42 diff pair cross talk

Cross talk in differential pairs: NEXT, FEXT, MS, SL
HSDD-30-43 broadside coupling

How much larger broadside coupling is than edge to edge coupling
Using time domain S31 to get spatial information about where coupling
happens
Saturation length and decreasing NEXT by decreasing coupling length
Week 11: Cross talk
Slide -26

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Slide -1

Week 11: Cross talk

Week 11: Cross talk

Joke of the day

Week 11: Cross talk

Week 11: Cross talk

Welcome and intro

Transmission lines and signals (chpt 7)

Reflections and circuit simulations (chpt 8)

Differential pairs (chpt 11)

S-parameters and the TDR (chpt 2, 12)

Attenuation and loss (chpt 9)

10. Mar 16:

Textbook for the class

11. Mar 23: spring break

Cross talk (chpt 10)

Ground bounce (chpt 6)

14. April 13:

PDN-1 (chpt 4, 6, 13)

15. April 20:

last class- final

Week 11: Cross talk

Week 11 Assignments due April 6, 2015

Lab report: HOL HyperLynx cross talk in uniform

Week 11: Cross talk

Review of the Mid Term

Week 11: Cross talk

Very different signatures

Week 11: Cross talk

Fundamental Root Cause of Cross Talk:

Induced cross talk noise:

mutual magnetic field lines

Two general ways of reducing

Move traces apart

Bring return plane closer to signals

Week 11: Cross talk

Why Do we Use Planes in Boards?

Week 11: Cross talk

Two Most Important Principles of Cross Talk in

1. The only way noise is induced

Electric field coupling = capacitive

Magnetic field coupling = inductive

2. Signals propagates and

CCW induced current

Week 11: Cross talk

Dynamics of Cross Talk

Week 11: Cross talk

Induced Voltage Between Two Current Loops

Lentzs: Direction of induced

What direction is the induced current?

Week 11: Cross talk

Most important Ways of Reducing NEXT,

Move traces farther apart

Bring return plane closer to

Closer plane: Z0 = 35 Ohms

Week 11: Cross talk

Which has lower NEXT?:

Saturated NEXT Coefficient

How Else to Reduce NEXT?

How much cross talk is too much?

For worst case NEXT

Week 11: Cross talk