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DATA .............................................................................................................. 2
DESIGN CALCULATIONS ................................................................................. 3
Estimation of the slab thickness ....................................................................................... 3
Loads ............................................................................................................................... 3
Characteristic values: ............................................................................................... 3
Design values for ULS (Ultimate Limit State) :............................................................. 3
Supporting strips ............................................................................................................. 4
Flow of loads .................................................................................................................... 5
Sagging moment in strip 1 ............................................................................................... 6
Main bottom reinforcement in strip 1 ............................................................................... 7
Secondary bottom reinforcement in strip 1 ...................................................................... 7
Minimum and maximum reinforcement areas in strip 1 ................................................... 8
Choice of bottom reinforcement in strip 1 ........................................................................ 9
Sagging moment in strip 2 ............................................................................................. 10
Main bottom reinforcement in strip 2 ............................................................................. 11
Secondary bottom reinforcement in strip 2 .................................................................... 11
Minimum and maximum reinforcement areas in strip 2 ................................................. 12
Choice of bottom reinforcement in strip 2 ...................................................................... 13
Verifications for the SLS ................................................................................................. 14
Upper reinforcement ...................................................................................................... 15
Above the long beams ............................................................................................ 15
Above the short beams...................................................... Erreur ! Signet non dfini.
Shear reinforcement in strip 2 ....................................................................................... 16
CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................. 16
Thickness ....................................................................................................................... 16
Bottom reinforcement in strip 2 ..................................................................................... 16
Upper reinforcement in strip 2 ....................................................................................... 16
No shear reinforcement ................................................................................................. 16
1/16
DATA
0,9 m
1,6 m
6m
5m
C 30/37
S 500
25 mm
250 kg/m2
300 kg/m2
2/16
DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Loads
Characteristic values:
Permanent loads:
Self-weight of slab:
Surfacing and covering:
Variable loads:
Service load:
0,21 m x 25 kN/m =
250 kg/m =
Total =
300 kg/m =
5,25 kN/m
2,50 kN/m
7,75 kN/m
3,00 kN/m
g = 1,35
q = 1,50
3/16
Supporting strips
Hilleborgs strip method gives a solution to design such a slab.
The principle is the following:
- One imagines supporting strips along the edges of the opening, which will
transfer the loads to the supporting edges
- One determines the flow of loads to these strips
- One calculates these strips as beams.
The geometry of supporting strips can be chosen. Lets take the following choice:
Strip 1 :
Strip 2 :
Span
Width
Direction
Span
Width
Direction
=
=
=
=
=
=
3,9m
6m
1m
0,9m
0,5m 1,6 m
5m
4/16
Flow of loads
The loads are divided to go to the nearest edge.
Fixed edges attract more load than simply supported edges.
Between 2 simply supported edges or 2 fixed edges, the load is divided by 45 - 45.
Between 1 simply supported edge and 1 fixed edge, the load is divided by 30 - 60.
Since the slab is continuous over the green strip, this strip is considered as a fixed
support. In front of the opening, there is no more continuity, and the strip become a
simply support.
1,6m
60
0,9m
45
45
60
1m
0,57m
0,33m
0,33m 0,5m
60
1,43m
1,05m
1,43m
45
45
1,43m
45
1,94m
1,43m
5/16
My = 2,22 kNm
6/16
= 0,0104
A sy d
and
lim 0,371
OK
OK
fcd
17
0,0104 160mm 500mm.
65 mm2
fyd
435
Asy = 65 mm
A sy
b
0,2.
A sx
65 mm
0,2.
26 mm/m
b
0,5 m
Asx / b = 26 mm/m
7/16
A s, min
f
2,9 MPa
0,26. ctm .d 0,26
.160 m m 216 m m /m
fyk
500 MPa
not OK
not OK
A s, min
b
A s,min. k c k fct,eff.
A ct
(minimum reinforcement to control cracking)
s
Where:
k c 0,4
(see 5.4.2)
(simple bending without axial forces)
k 1
fct,eff. fctm. 2,9 MPa
h
b 105 mm.1000m m 105 000 m m
2
s fyk 500 MPa
Act
As, min
b
105 mm
244 mm/m
500 MPa
not OK
Asmin / b = 244 mm/m
As, max
b
OK
8/16
number
spacing
20
17
14
13
11
10
9,1
8,3
7,7
7,1
6,7
6,3
5,9
5,6
5,3
5
4,8
4,5
4,3
4,2
4
3,3
2,9
2,5
cm
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
AREA (mm/m)
6
565
471
404
353
314
283
257
236
217
202
188
177
166
157
149
141
135
129
123
118
113
94
81
71
8
1005
838
718
628
559
503
457
419
387
359
335
314
296
279
265
251
239
228
219
209
201
168
144
126
10
1571
1309
1122
982
873
785
714
654
604
561
524
491
462
436
413
393
374
357
341
327
314
262
224
196
12
2262
1885
1616
1414
1257
1131
1028
942
870
808
754
707
665
628
595
565
539
514
492
471
452
377
323
283
Diameter (mm)
16
20
4021
6283
3351
5236
2872
4488
2513
3927
2234
3491
2011
3142
1828
2856
1676
2618
1547
2417
1436
2244
1340
2094
1257
1963
1183
1848
1117
1745
1058
1653
1005
1571
957
1496
914
1428
874
1366
838
1309
804
1257
670
1047
574
898
503
785
25
9817
8181
7012
6136
5454
4909
4462
4091
3776
3506
3272
3068
2887
2727
2584
2454
2337
2231
2134
2045
1963
1636
1402
1227
32
16085
13404
11489
10053
8936
8042
7311
6702
6187
5745
5362
5027
4731
4468
4233
4021
3830
3656
3497
3351
3217
2681
2298
2011
40
25133
20944
17952
15708
13963
12566
11424
10472
9666
8976
8378
7854
7392
6981
6614
6283
5984
5712
5464
5236
5027
4189
3590
3142
OK
OK
OK
X: 8/200
Y: 6/400
9/16
Variable loads:
Section
Section
Section
kN/m
Section
Section
Section
Mx = 158,86 kNm
10/16
= 0,379
and
lim 0,371
OK
The condition of ductility is not fulfilled, but this is acceptable because this is very local
and the excess is only 4%.
A sn d
fcd
17
0,379 175mm 1000mm.
2592 mm2
fyd
435
Asx = 2592 mm
Asy
b
A
2592mm
0,2. sx 0,2.
518 mm/m
b
1m
Asy / b = 518 mm/m
11/16
As, min
f
2,9 MPa
0,26. ctm .d 0,26
.175m m 264 mm/m
fyk
500 MPa
OK
OK
As, min
b
A s,min. k c k fct,eff.
A ct
(minimum reinforcement to control cracking)
s
Where:
k c 0,4
k 1
(see 5.4.2)
(simple bending without axial forces)
As, min
b
105 mm
244 mm/m
500 MPa
OK
Asmin / b = 264 mm/m
As, max
b
OK
12/16
number
spacing
20
17
14
13
11
10
9,1
8,3
7,7
7,1
6,7
6,3
5,9
5,6
5,3
5
4,8
4,5
4,3
4,2
4
3,3
2,9
2,5
cm
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
30
35
40
AREA (mm/m)
6
565
471
404
353
314
283
257
236
217
202
188
177
166
157
149
141
135
129
123
118
113
94
81
71
8
1005
838
718
628
559
503
457
419
387
359
335
314
296
279
265
251
239
228
219
209
201
168
144
126
10
1571
1309
1122
982
873
785
714
654
604
561
524
491
462
436
413
393
374
357
341
327
314
262
224
196
12
2262
1885
1616
1414
1257
1131
1028
942
870
808
754
707
665
628
595
565
539
514
492
471
452
377
323
283
Diameter (mm)
16
20
4021
6283
3351
5236
2872
4488
2513
3927
2234
3491
2011
3142
1828
2856
1676
2618
1547
2417
1436
2244
1340
2094
1257
1963
1183
1848
1117
1745
1058
1653
1005
1571
957
1496
914
1428
874
1366
838
1309
804
1257
670
1047
574
898
503
785
reinforcement:
16 mm every 7 cm (= 2872 mm/m)
20 mm every 12 cm (= 2618 mm/m)
25 mm every 18 cm (= 2727 mm/m)
25
9817
8181
7012
6136
5454
4909
4462
4091
3776
3506
3272
3068
2887
2727
2584
2454
2337
2231
2134
2045
1963
1636
1402
1227
32
16085
13404
11489
10053
8936
8042
7311
6702
6187
5745
5362
5027
4731
4468
4233
4021
3830
3656
3497
3351
3217
2681
2298
2011
40
25133
20944
17952
15708
13963
12566
11424
10472
9666
8976
8378
7854
7392
6981
6614
6283
5984
5712
5464
5236
5027
4189
3590
3142
13/16
Remarks:
The reinforcement area can be reduced to 50% near the supports (1 bar of 2).
We have respected the assumptions that were made for the calculation of the effective
depth dx and dy:
- Diameter of the principal rebars (x) smaller or equal to 20 mm
- Diameter of the secondary rebars (y) smaller or equal to 10 mm
14/16
Upper reinforcement
Above the long beams
Primary:
Due to accidental hogging moments, a top reinforcement has to be provided above the
supports. Its area should not be smaller than 25% of the main required bottom
reinforcement.
AsX
A
0,25. sx 0,25.2592mm/m 648 mm/m
b
b
AsY
A
0,20. sX 0,2.648 mm/m 130 mm/m
b
b
AsY / b = 130 mm/m
The spacing should be smaller than:
15/16
Where
vEd 111,52kN
k 2
0,5 . 2618mm
0,0075
175 mm.1000mm
Thus
CONCLUSIONS
Thickness
h = 21 cm
No shear reinforcement
16/16