800

BOOK

REVIEWS

edition would be a welcome supplement

to the
A chapter on the concept of resiof electrolytes.
personal libraries
of countless graduate students
dence times in ionic hydration
(by Samoilov)
is
biology,
oceanography,
and other
in chemistry,
It provides a rare opportuespecially welcome.
related fields.
nity to learn directly from one of the masters of
this subject regarding
the \vork going on in the
W. DROST-HASSES
Soviet Union in the field of electrolyte hydration.
Laboratory for Water Research,
An excellent survey of tetraalkyl
ammonium salts
University of Miami,
presents, for the first time, a concise overview
of
Coral Gables, Florida 33134.
these salts as solutes in aqueous solutions.
A useful summary of the infomlation
available
of the
REFERESCE
viscosity of water is presented in chapter 17, and
a beautifully
simplified
discussion of the effects
1969. The
AND
W. KAUZMANS.
EISENUERG, D.,
of non-Brownian
motion on transport coefficients
Oxford.
structure and properties of water.
in electrolyte
solutions is presented in chapter 18.
The volume closes with a chapter on aqueous
dealing
conditions,
solutions
under
extreme
EDMONDSON, W. T., ASD G. G. WIXBERG [EDs.].
with water under high pressures and at high
on methods
for the as1971. A manual
temperatures.
secondary
productivity
in
sessment
of
In a monograph
of such diversity
of subject
fresh
waters.
IBP Handbook No. 17. F. A.
matters, it is easy to find something of interest
Philadelphia
( Blackwell
Sci. Publ.,
Davis,
for most anyone even if only peripherally
interested
Oxford
and Edinburgh).
xxiv + 358 p.
in aqueous systems. Furthermore,
there is very
$13.50.
little duplication
in the various treatments.
The
quality
of style, presentation,
printing,
etc. is
This book is dedicated to the memory of Vituniformly
high; however,
in a volume of 803
torio Tonolli, and this represents the highest index
pages, containing
19 chapters, it is hardly surprisof the generous friendship
of one of the editors,
ing to find the contents somewhat heterogeneous:
W. T. Edmondson;
my husband felt \-ery guilty
some are essentially
pure revie\vs (the chapters
for having persuaded him to take on the heavy
on seawater, biofluids, and partial molal volumes),
task of assembling the material to produce this
while others are original,
novel (and sometimes
manual.
(for
instance,
the
sophisticated)
contributions
The book is mainly concerned with problems
chapter on statistical-mechanical
theory of water).
of methodology
which, in my opinion, represent
Both the author index and the subject index are
the first step for a correct evaluation of any result
excellent.
deriving from even a perfect experimental
design.
The volume is likely to become somewhat of a
One should always remember that the choice of
classic in its field.
For a general treatment
of
appropriate
methods of collection can avoid more
the pure stuff, most readers will likely want to
or less completely the first sources of error, which
fall back on the monograph
by Eisenberg
and
may affect considerably
the results of a research.
the volume
by
( 1969 ) . However,
Kauzmann
The title of the manual cannot give rise to
Horne, to a large extent, takes up where Eisenthe book deals with
ambiguous
interpretations:
berg and Kauzmann left off, namely through conmethods for the evaluation
of secondary producsidering largely aqueous solutions, ancl/or peculitivity in freshwaters
and is not intended to olerarities and exceptional
cases. In spite of the
of production
lap with Methods for the estimation
scant attention paid to water structure in biologiof aquatic animals (\Vinberg
1971).
I believe
cal systems, the volume will be of interest to
that one should read this latter book after having
biochemists,
biophysicists,
and molecular
biolocarefully gone through the handbook on methods.
gists, and it certainly
will be a valuable tool to
The handbook
is divided
into eight chapters.
the general physical chemist concerned with waThe first is devoted to the description
of a large
ter and aqueous solutions.
series of instruments
for collection
of samples,
The cost of this volume is fairly high, yet on a
with critical notes and useful suggestions for imper page basis is still within what appears to be
proving
their efficiency.
Chapter
2 deals with
The price notwithstanding,
the
current norms.
methods of processing samples and data, starting
book is an excellent investment
as a fairly inclufrom the counting
of zooplankton
samples and
sive review of the current state of the art of water
going through the dimensional and chemical e\ralOf the subjects
and aqueous solution structure.
and benthuation of organisms, both planktonic
mentioned
in the subtitle, the book does justice
onic, the use of size data for calculation
of productivity,
and concluding
\\Tith an interesting
to the more recent theories of water and solution
paragraph
on the indirect
determination
of the
The thermodynamics
and transport
structure.
Chapter
3,
reproductive
rate from egg ratios.
properties are dealt with at least adequately.
The
which is mainly concerned with direct determinaexcellent coverage of references to prior studies
tion of zooplankton
reproduction
and marking of
makes a valuable adjunct to the overall presentais unfortunately
much too
natural
populations,
tion. A more inexpensively
produced paperback

BOOK

801

REVIEWS

his own field of work is the most important

for
the understanding
of the whole problem.
As a final comment, I hope to see in the near
future a second edition of this book including the
presentation
of most modern techniques,
which
are mentioned
in this manual only with a few
words.
The ATP-ADP
method, for instance, is
attracting
the attention of scientists in determining living biomass, as well as in estimating RNA
for the evaluation
of growth rate. The role of
allochthonous
material considered as a source of
aquatic productivity
also requires more extensive
handling.
In conclusion,
this manual is certainly
unique
in the literature
for its richness of technical and
conceptual details. The bibliography,
which takes
32 pages, has required
a great effort.
There is
no doubt that this manual is essential for any
student who wants to be introduced
to the problem of the evaluation
of secondary producti\?t\,
in freshwater.
LI~IA

TOSOLLI

Istittlto ltaliano di Iclrobiologia,

Pallanza, Italy.
REFERESCE
G. G. 1971. ?Ilethods
tion of production
of aquatic
demic. 175 p.

WISBERG,

HEEZEN,
The

New York,
p. $-35.00.

evaluation of secondary productivity

in freshlvaters
and gives an example of what may be achieved
through
a correct use of the methodology
and
concepts described in the preceding
chapters.
I
would like to stress the difficulty
the editors of
this manual ha\Te met in assembling a huge number of ideas and contributions
offered by many
qualified
scientists, each of them persuaded that

C. D.

B. C., AND
face

of

the

for the estimaanimals.

Aca-

HOLLISTER.
1971.
Oxford Univ. Press,
and Toronto.
xi + 659

deep.

London,

When we think of the far away I suspect that

most of us, like myself, think of the sky and of
space and go on from there to any philosophical
or other speculations \fe may have. Buckminster
Fuller reminds us that we are on a space ship,
our small planet following
its course, and that we
should not use the telms up or do\vn because
actually the true ones would be out or in. He
reminds us that aviators use accurate terminology
He would
in that they come in for a landing.
have to say that the authors of this book are
looking in on our planet, not down to the depths
of the oceans.
The fact is probably. that more of us look out
than in. And if we look in, or down on the physical world of lvaters, \ve do not see \-ery far. I
saw down through sunlight on a rare occasion on
Penobscot Bay recently. and from this slight revelation of immensities clerivecl a poem.
Our scientific
authors, howe\,er, will not see
what can be seen with the naked eye. The Preface reads ( p. vi ) , The tiny fringe of shallow
sunlit waters which has been so frequently
treated
in books and films is entirely excluded, for in this