PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON CONTAMINANT

TRANSPORT IN GROUNDWATER / STUTTGART / 4-6 APRIL 1989

Contaminant Transport
in Groundwater
Edited by

H.E.KOBUS
W.KINZELBACH
Institutfiir Wasserbau, Universitdt Stuttgart

Siblfothek des Fachgebietea

Hydraulik und Hydrologie
Technische Hochschule Darmstadt
0-61 Darmstadt/PetersenatraBe

A.A.BALKEMA / ROTTERDAM / BROOKFIELD /1989

Contaminant Transport in Groundwater, Kobus & Kinzelbach (eds)

1989Balkema, Rotterdam. ISBN 90 61918790

Contents

Preface

xi

Research on groundwater flow and transport problems at the Universitat Stuttgart

Helmut EXobus

1. Field methods and data processing

Hydrogeologic contaminant behaviour in fractured and unfractured clayey deposits in
Canada
JACherry

11

Effect of the observation network geometry on groundwater solute transport modelling

Andrds Bdrdossy & Peter Nachtnebel

21

Plausibility analysis of structured groundwater quality data via geostatistics

Zbigniew WXundzewicz, Andrds Bdrdossy, Erich JPlate & Jost Grimm-Strele

27

The influence of sampling methods on the results of groundwater quality measurements

BBarczewski & PMarschall

33

Inflow into monitoring wells with long screens

VXaleris

41

Controls on denitrification in shallow unconfined aquifers

Robert CStarr & Robert W.Gillham

51

2. Field studies and tracer

experiments

Experiences in the use of microorganisms in soil and aquifer decontamination

Peter Werner

59

Contaminant transport in bank filtration - Determining hydraulic parameters by means of

artificial and natural labeling
HHotzl, BReichert, PMaloszewski, HMoser & W.Stichler

65

The behaviour of manganese during infiltration of river water to groundwater

HR.von Gunten, EUoehn, GXarametaxas, UXrahenbuhl & MX&slys

73

The migration of As, Hg and Cd in groundwater of the Quaternary gravels in Dornach near
Munich

75

MIZahn

Results on hydrodynamic dispersion in the karstified aquifer of the Upper Jura of Frankonian
Alb, FR Germany
K.P.Seiler, PMaloszewski & KBehrens

83

Longterm prognosis of the groundwater quality as influenced by landuse and landuse changes
in the Fuhrberger Feld using numerical solute transport models
W.HMDuynisveld, OStrebel.JBoettcher & WXinzelbach

89

Simulation of nitrate and sulfate transport and transformation in the Fuhrberger Feld aquifer,
Hannover, Germany
Emil OFrind, W.H.M.Duynisveld, O.Strebel & LBoettcher

97

Impact of a domestic septic system on an unconfined sand aquifer

W.D.Robertson, EASudicky, JA.Cherry, RARapaport & RJShimp

105

Hydrogeochemical forecast under typical conditions of mining enterprises

Vjacheslav GRumynin

113

Clay/organic interactions and their effect on the hydraulic conductivity of barrier clays
R.M.Quigley & EFernandez

117

3. Contaminant chemistry and column experiments

Behaviour of organic micro-pollutants in aquifers
GMatthess

127

Sorption of specific organics in low concentrations on aquifer materials of low organic carbon 133
content: Laboratory experiments
T.Larsen, PXjeldsen, T.H.Christensen, BSkov & MRefstrup
The use of saturated column-experiments in the assessment of pollutant transport in aquifers
Y.M.M.Veenis & WBleuten

141

Transport of organophosphorus pesticides (Disulfoton, Etrimfos) through saturated porous

media
CPenelle, PMuntzer, LZilliox, Ph.Beh.ra & AExinger

147

Experimental investigations on the migration behaviour of heavy metals (Cd and Zn) in
groundwater systems using radiotracer techniques
HBruhl & CMerz

153

Natural denitrification processes in the aquifer

MRodelsperger

159

One-dimensional simulation of the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on the carbonate equilibrium

J.Grossmann, BMerkel & AFaust

163

4. Modelling of chemistry coupled to transport

Coupled modelling offlow,mass transport, heat transport and chemistry: An example
ACoudrain-Ribstein, P.Goblet & GdeMarsily

173

Modelling of groundwater flow and quality changes around bank-filtration well

FLdszlo and ESzekely

179

VI

fields

Approach to model the transport of leachates from a landfill site including geochemical
processes
EckartButow, Ekkehard Holzbecher & VolkerKofi
Numerical modelling of nitrate transport in a natural aquifer
WXinzelbach,W.Schdfer &JBerzer

183

Prediction of bacterial and viral transport in groundwater by deep-bed filtration equation

MJavuz Corapcioglu & AHaridas

191
199

5. Dispersion theory and transport in fractured media

Estimates of dispersion parameters by geostatistical methods - Laboratory and
applications
Fritz Stauffer

field

209

Influence of spatial variability of aquifer properties on groundwater flow and dispersion

M.-Th.Schafineister-Spierling & APekdeger

215

Stochastic description of typical inhomogeneities of hydraulic conductivity influvialgravel

deposits
Peter Jussel

221

Mass transport in an artificial heterogeneous aquifer: Experiments and numerical modelling

GSchafer & H.EXobus
'

229

Nonequilibrium and dispersion during transport of contaminants in groundwater: Field-scale 237

processes
MLBrusseau & P.S.CRao
Comparison between resident andflux-averagedconcentration models forfield-scalesolute
transport in the unsaturated zone
Vladimir Cvetkovic & Georgia Destouni

245

Incidence of heterogeneities on pollutant transport - Density and viscosity contrasts of the

liquid phase - Structure of solid matrix
MABues, MAachib & LZilliox

251

The effect of multi-directional matrix diffusion on contaminant transport through fractured

systems
RXRowe, JRBooker & AHammoud

259

Modelling of contaminant migration in fracture networks: Effects of matrix diffusion

Diane Germain & Emil O.Frind
<

267 .

Propagation of dissolved substances in rock: Theoretical consideration of the relationship

between systems of parallel fractures and homogeneous aquifers
Peter Vogel & Wilfried Giesel

275

6. Numerical aspects of modelling, parameter identification, and optimization

Application of Kolmogorov' s backward equation in random walk simulations of groundwater 283
contaminant transport
Gerard JMXJffink
VII

Modelling transport in fractured rock by the Finite Element Method

K.-PXrohn, J.Wollrath & WZielke

291

Modelling dispersion processes of a field experiment using a multilayer approach

HMontenegro, HMLeismann, BHerrling, VXrenn

299

Behaviour of biodegradable organic contaminants in random stationary hydraulic

conductivity fields
EASudicky & KJBMacQuarrie

307

The Laplace transform Galerkin technique: A time-continuous finite element theory and
application to mass transport in groundwater
EASudicky

317

A method of finite elements combined with a characteristics technique for solving 2-D
contaminant transport in an aquifer
Xue-Yu Zhu & Chun-Hong Xie

327

Basic equations for modelling mass transport in soluble formations

SMajid Hassanizadeh

333

Free convection for high concentration solute transport in porous media

Toon Leijnse

341

Identification of parameters of contaminant transport in groundwater using a recirculating

system
MMilivojcevic, DJgrutinovic & MDimkic

347

Parameter estimation in contaminant transport modelling

CXaujfmann & WXinzelbach

355

Optimal design of well location and automatic optimization of pumping rates for aquifer
cleanup
WBogacki & KDaniels

363

Comments on the calibration of 2-dimensional horizontal transport simulations against

measured in-situ concentrations
Karlheinz Spitz & Michel JLRobin

371

7. Multiphaseflowand transport in unsaturated soil

The behaviour of dense nonaqueous phase liquid contaminants in heterogeneous porous
media
BHXueper, D.B.McWhorter & E.O.Frind

381

Finite element simulation of immiscible and slightly soluble pollutants in soil and
groundwater
H.W.Dorgarten

389

Development of a three-dimensional network model for quasi-static immiscible displacement 397

Lin Aberrant & Michael ACelia

Selective dissolution and transport of hydrocarbons in an alluvial aquifer - Role and impact
of residual air on groundwater contamination
ORazakarisoa, IDRasolofoniaina, PMuntzer & LZilliox

vm

405

Simultaneous determination of unsaturated flow and solute transport parameters

RAbeliuk

413

Development and validation of a soil nitrogen simulation model

B.Huwe & RR.van der Ploeg

421

Studies for calculating the transport of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons by suction of subsoil 429
air to clean contaminated soils
Dieter Weth & Martina Pielke
Computation of air flows induced in the zone of aeration during in situ remediation of volatile 437
hydrocarbon spills
J.Croise, WXinzelbach & JSchmolke
Methane volatilization from contaminated groundwater - The effects of recharge

445

CBDavis & CBarber

8. Various methods and applications (poster presentations)
Centrifugation of soil samples at various speeds: An original technique to measure the
NOj concentration
IKugler, F.Gras, CSchenck &LZilliox

453

The In-Line-Packer-System: A modular multilevel sampler for collecting undisturbed

groundwater samples
G.Teutsch & T.Ptak

455

Determination of dispersion coefficients in soils using their pore size distribution

LUjfaludi & JMaginecz

457

Transport and fixation of cadmium, copper, lead and zinc in a porous aquifer
KHBrand, KHotzl & WXafi

459

An effective single well injection/detection technique for the evaluation of the local scale
dispersivity of Rio Maior aquifer, Portugal
J.PLobo Ferreifa

461

Transport under instationary groundwater flow conditions - Verification of numerical

modeling, investigations and remedial actions
GBattermann, HXufimaul & KZipfel

463

Groundwater pollution by chromium

MBrilly

465

Optimal waste disposal patterns and their impact on the assimilative capacity of aquifers
PLatinopoulos, YMylopoulos & D.Tolikas

467

Groundwater quality model for the Lech river valley

WPelka

469

"

The efficiency of porous aquifers in decomposition and permanent elimination of typical

pollutants out of sanitary landfills
\
Peter Spillmann

471

The mobility of technetium in aquifers - An experimental approach

CTrapp, W.-DBock, HBriihl & AWinkler

473

IX

A concept of practical modelling to estimate and reduce nitrate concentrations in discharged

groundwater
WMeier

475

Software environment for transport and dispersion of contaminants within saturated and
unsaturated zones
J.M.Usseglio-Polatera & PJar din

477

Field and numerical investigations of flow and transport in field soils

K.H0gh Jensen

479

An investigation of the contamination of a dual porosity chalk aquifer by chlorinated

hydrocarbons
LG.Watts & DM.Cooper

481

Quality assurance of the isolation of a contaminated location

GAM.van Meurs, H.T.Sman, KABrink & MLoxham

483

Author index

485