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ISSN: 2321-8134
IJFEAT
INTERNATIONALJOURNALFORENGINEERINGAPPLICATIONSAND TECHNOLOGY
Author Final Year Student, College of Engg and Technology, Akola, Maharashtra,
India,sasuryawanshi1992@gmail.com
fuel like gas and oil. The cost of imported natural gas is increasing beyond expectation and this is making the gasification process
more and more costly. The gasification exit gas need to be purified of impurities like H 2S, CO2, CO. The Rectisol wash process offers
excellent solution to the gas treatment in downstream of any gasification complex.
Rectisol wash unit is physical absorption process. The Rectisol wash unit is used to selectively absorb and removal of
acid gases using methanol as solvent in which at 40 0 C, it absorbs acid gases from feed gases at relatively high pressure. The rich
solvent containing acid gas is led down in pressure to release and recover the acid gases. Methanol has high solubility of acid gas and
low solubility of main gas component. Since selective removal of CO, H 2S and CO2 as a separate stream is possible with this
technique due to high absorption capacity of methanol with low energy consumption. Treated gas can be utilized as fuel to existing
gas turbines, fuel for existing heaters, producing value added product like hydrogen, Carbon monoxide.
Keywords: Rectisole, Gasification, Methanol.
1. INTRODUCTION
The first Rectisol installation was started up in Sasolburg,
Republic of South Africa, in 1955. In the following decades
Rectisol paved the way for huge-scale ammonia and Fischer
Tropsch Synthesis. In the 1970s and 80s, oil residue
gasification proved to be another field of application. The
impressive success of this technology is visualized above.
Nowadays, more than half a century later, Rectisol is still
unique reaching synthesis gas quality in one single process.
Meanwhile, a bunch of alternative technologies appeared on
the market for the simple removal of sulfur compounds and
CO2. However, Rectisol is still the only process taking care of
all other raw gas contaminants specific for coal and oil
gasification, sometimes only present in parts per billion (ppB)
in the raw syngas. Because of this, the comeback of the coal
gasification technology experienced in the first decade of the
millennium comes along with an impressive boost in the track
record of Rectisol plants: Nearly each of the coal gasification
units for production of ammonia, methanol, hydrogen or
synfuels is or will be equipped with a Rectisol gas purification
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1.1 PERFORMANCE
The principal useful components of a raw syngas gas produced
by heavy oil or coal gasification are H2 and CO. Dependent on
the feedstock and type of gasification process this raw gas can
contain 340% CO2 as well as smaller fractions of CH4, H2O,
N2 and Ar. Trace contaminants present may be H2S, COS,
HCN, NH3, nickel and iron carbonyls, gum formers, CS2,
mercaptans, naphthalene, thiophenes, organic sulfides, and
higher hydrocarbons. In order to obtain the gas quality needed
for its usage as a feedstock for a synthesis, as e.g. ammonia
synthesis, methanol synthesis, Fischer Tropsch Synthesis, oxoalcohol synthesis or simply as hydrogen product, reduction gas
or town gas, these impurities must be removed. This especially
holds true for the trace contaminants which usually have to be
eradicated.
Typical purity requirements for synthesis gas:
Total sulfur less than 0.1 ppm by volume
CO2 2 ppm to 3% by volume
Depending on the type of synthesis Sulfur compounds, HCN
and NH3 should be discharged in a stream as concentrated as
possible so as to improve the economics of subsequent
treatment. The CO2 must be sufficiently clean to allow it to be
discharged directly to atmosphere or even used as a product.
The CO2 separated from the gas can be a mixture with
nitrogen when it is vented to the atmosphere. If the CO 2 is
used as a feedstock for another process (e.g. in a urea
synthesis or for production of food grade CO 2) the CO2 has to
be partially or completely recovered as a highly concentrated,
pure and dry product stream. The allowable residual H 2S
content for both cases typically varies in a range of 525
ppmV.
To summarize, the following functions have to be
fulfilled by the gas purification system:
Trace contaminant removal
Deep de-sulfurization
Drying
Bulk CO2 removal
CO2 purification Acid gas enrichment
Where other approaches may end up with up to six separate
processes, the Rectisol technology provides an excellent
option to stick with only one integrated technology and plant,
yielding excellent results with respect to performance and
reliability. For example Rectisol absorbs also COS so that a
separate COS hydrolysis process upstream of the gas wash is
not needed.
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3. INTRODUCTION OF METHANOL
High solubility of the acid gas
Low solubility of the main gas components (like H2, CO,
etc.)
Economical and readily available (non-proprietary bulk
chemical)
Low corrosiveness
No foaming tendency
Low solvent losses
4. GASIFICATION PROCESS
Gasification is a process where carbon containing materials
such as wood, coal or biomass are heated to high temperatures
and allowed to decompose into a mixture called synthesis gas
or syngas. This syngas is a reactive mixture of mainly carbon
monoxide and hydrogen, which we can later convert to other
fuel products. For the purpose of this report biomass,
specifically Miscanthus Giganteus is the target reactant due to
reasons discussed in earlier sections of this report. The type of
physical equipment to be used and process must be modeled
uniquely depending on the feedstock to be used. In the case of
biomass, this consists of four steps: Feed processing and
handling: discussed in the feed handling section of this report.
Pyrolysis: A pyrolysis is a decomposition of
biomass, where the biomass fed to the system decomposes into
a variety of hydrocarbons, olefins and aromatic compounds.
We modeled this via correlations since no accurate
understanding of the kinetics has been found in literature.
Secondary Kinetics determine the reactor effluent
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7. THERMODYNAMIC STUDY
7.1 REACTION ENTHALPY
CAPACITY CORELATIONS
AND
HEAT
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8. COMPARATIVE PROCESS:
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ISSN: 2321-8134
Thermal regeneration usually only for a smaller portion of
the solvent, flash regeneration and stripping for the rest. Acid
gas enrichment: A suitable Claus gas can be produced even
with a CO2/H2S ratio up to 700 in the raw feed gas
a pure CO2 product stream, ready for Enhanced Oil
Recovery, underground storage or chemical usage can be
produced
Inexpensive, thermally and chemically stable solvent
available worldwide anywhere. No degradation, no corrosion,
no disposal problems.
H2+RNH2 RNH3 HS
CO2 +RNH2 +H2O RNH3 HCO3
9. ADVANTAGES:
Uses of CO2
1. High concentration of CO2 used to kill the pest such as
moth
2. It is used in carbonated water such as soft drinks and cold
drinks
3. It can be used as refrigerant in food industry
4. Used to extinguishes the fire
5. It can also be used as raw material for production of urea
Uses of CO
Ultra-pure product gas: e.g. total sulfur <0.1 ppmV CO2 <2
ppmV
11. CONCLUSION
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REFERENCES:
1. Rectisol Article in Chemical Industry Digest June 2013
2. World CTL 2012 India Summit Linde-WorleyParsons paper
presentation-Integrated Rectisol
3. Process Screening Analysis of Alternative Gas Treating and
Sulfur Removal for Gasification Revised Final Report;
December 2002; Nick Korens, Dale R. Simbeck, Donald J.
Wilhelm; SFA Pacific, Inc. Mountain View, California
4. SFA Pacific Process Screening Analysis Dec 2002 pg.no.
23-37
5. Report of Rectisol wash unit of South Africa journal 2007
Page no. 39-71
6. Kohl, A, and Nielsen, R. (1997). Gas Purification (Fifth
edition Ed.). Gulf Publishing Company. Page no. 137-183
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