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Fluid Mech 3
Sem 2 2014
Study Guide
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Study Guide
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Fluid Mech 3
Sem 2 2014
1. Welcome
This is the second course in Fluid Mechanics, and in it we will be looking at refining and extending your understanding
of the subject.
2. Introduction
Instill more advanced concepts of fluid mechanics of incompressible Newtonian fluids, by building on foundations laid
in Fluid Mechanics II. Become familiar with industrial plant and equipment involved in such operations, enabling
learners to become functional in the market place.
3. Outline
The course is presented in the form of lecture/tutorial periods, augmented by laboratory practical sessions. The
lecture/tutorial periods are also used to discuss queries relevant to the sections being covered. The purpose of
practicals is to gain insight into practical fluid mechanics applications in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory.
4. Assessment
Two test marks and the practical mark are necessary to obtain a Class Mark. If both Test 1 and Test 2 were written, the
make-up-test is not written:
Class Mark (%) = 0.4 x Test 1 mark (%) + 0.4 x Test 2 mark (%) + 0.2 x prac mark (%)
The tutorials consist of a question done at the end of section, to be handed in and marked in class.
The Class Mark must be 40% or greater to permit the learner to write the final examination.
Final Mark (%) = 0.4 x Class Mark (%) + 0.6 x Examination Mark (%)
To pass, a minimum Final Mark of 50% must be achieved, but with a minimum Examination Mark of 40%.
To be able to write the supplementary examination subject, a minimum Final Mark of 45% must be achieved.
The test dates are:
Test 1 Wednesday 20 August
Test 2 Wednesday 1 October
Makeup Wednesday 8 October
Study Guide
Fluid Mech 3
Sem 2 2014
Study Guide
Fluid Mech 3
Sem 2 2014
The learner must be present at the test venue at least 5 minutes before a test and at the examination venue at
least 15 minutes before the examination.
No learner will be permitted to leave the examination venue during the first 30 minutes or the last 15
minutes of the examination.
For the examination, a seating plan will be displayed at the entrance to the examination venue, and
learners must seat themselves at their allocated desks.
Scripts, graph paper, etc., and the question paper will be provided by the invigilators.
For tests, bags are permitted in the venue and must be placed under the learners desk and cell phones contained
therein must be disabled.
Once in the test or examination venue, communication between learners is not permitted (talking, written
or gestures). Questions should only be directed to invigilators.
The test attendance register must be correctly completed with the learner's name and registration number.
Learners must ensure that their surname, initials and registration number appears on the cover of the answer
sheets/booklets. Multiple choice response cards must also be correctly completed, according to the instructions
given.
At the end of the examination or tests, learners must stop writing immediately when instructed to do so by the
invigilators.
Learners may not leave their seat, without the consent of an invigilator. Attention for requests to visit the toilet,
leave the exam venue, or query the question paper are made by the learner by raising one hand to attract the
attention of an invigilator.
Study Guide
Fluid Mech 3
Sem 2 2014
9. Plagiarism
During this course, no plagiarism will be tolerated, and will be dealt with severely. Learners are expected to produce
their own work, in their own words. When using other authors material you will need to reference the work
properly, giving due credit and not simply copy the work. In the case of laboratory reports, the details of the practical
such as method need to be presented in the learners own words, to show that they understand the work. The details
on plagiarism are presented at orientation, and on the department notice board, and are found under G(13) in the
rulebook. No excuses will be tolerated, and any event of plagiarism will be brought to a Student Disciplinary tribunal.
10. Syllabus
Dimensional Analysis: Derivations of dimensional/dimensionless variables and constants.
Expected outcome on completion of section should equip the learner to: Use dimensional analysis to endorse/reject
rational assumptions on influences of variables relating to fluid processes. Derive dimensionless quantities, expressing
their relationship among variables.
Flow Regimes: Flow regimes. Velocity distribution and friction in pipes.
Expected outcome on completion of section should equip the learner to: Compare laminar, transitional and turbulent
flow regimes. Compare velocity distribution profiles for laminar and turbulent flow in conduits. Determine relative
roughness of pipe surfaces and friction factors, using a Moody Chart or other engineering nomographs. Compare
smooth pipe flow and fully turbulent flow for rough pipes. Account for pipe fitting losses, both in terms of velocity head
losses and equivalent pipe length frictional losses.
Fixed and Varying Head Flow in Pipes: Pipe systems.
Expected outcome on completion of section should equip the learner to: Calculate heads for pipe flow, including friction
loss for pipe fittings from reference tables (equivalent pipe lengths or velocity heads). Determine flow rates and head
losses for pipes connected in series and/or parallel arrangements. Solve fixed head flow problems (e.g gravity flow,
siphoning and pumping). Solve the fixed heads three reservoirs problem by mathematical/graphical iterations. Solve
varying head problems for inflow/outflow of liquid to/from reservoirs with/without varying cross sections.
Fluid Momentum: Momentum changes, reactions and forces. Resultant forces, work, power efficiency. Expected
outcome on completion of section should equip the learner ta: Apply Newton's 2m1law to momentum change relating to
interaction forces of a moving a jet of incompressible fluid directed to fixed/moving flat plates and curved vanes.
Construct blade velocity diagrams to determine component velocities of absolute velocity (i. e. whirl, flow and relative
velocities) of a liquid in relation to peripheral blade velocities of impellers. Calculate forces, power, etc., involved in jet
propulsion.
Relative Equilibrium Systems: Uniform acceleration of fluids (linear and radial).
Expected outcome on completion of section should equip the learner to: Calculate forces imparted by liquids subjected
to uniform linear horizontal/vertical/inclined acceleration. Differentiate between free, forced, spiral and compound
vortices. Solve vortex problems relating to tank drains, propeller mixers and rotating tanks (open, closed and
pressurized) leading to appreciation centrifugal pump.
Hydrodynamic Transmission: Power transmission. Hydrodynamic machines.
The expected outcome on completion of this section should equip the learner to: Calculate work done and power
transmission from steady heads via pipeline/nozzle systems to hydraulic machines. Determine power transmission
efficiency and maximum power transmission. Describe devices operating on the principles of hydrodynamics (e.g.
hydraulic accumulator, intensifier, crane and lift). Calculate forces, pressures, power, etc., involved with such
hydrodynamic machines. Compare the construction, operation and applications of fluid couplings to torque converters.
Uniform Open Channel Flow: Uniform and most economical discharge through open channels.
The expected outcome on completion of this section should equip the learner to: Determine discharge through open
channels of various cross-sections, using Chezy's, Bazin's, Kutter's and Manning's formulae and constants. Establish the
most economical cross-sections of channels for maximum discharge. Measure irregular cross-section flow areas and
average flow velocities by Pitot tubes, floats, current meters, etc.