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KEYWORDS
Concrete;
Retempering;
Withhold water;
Superplasticizer;
Compressive strength;
Water permeability.
Abstract Retempering of concrete is a common practice in ready-mixed concrete industries for adjusting
the workability that might adversely affect strength and durability properties in hot climates. In this
paper, the effects of retempering with melamine sulphonate naphthalene-based superplasticizer (RS),
water (RW) and withhold water (RWW) on the compressive strength and water permeability (WP) of
concrete, are experimentally investigated. The results of this study indicated that the compressive strength
of concrete retempered with superplasticizer and withhold water, enhanced by increasing the delay
in casting, while retempering with water, resulted in a substantial decrease. Moreover, it was found
that RS improved the water permeability of retempered concrete much more than RWW, whereas RW
diversely increased this parameter. Although RWW imposed a slight slump loss, RWW and RS are generally
proposed for the retempering of concrete, due to the suitable strength and permeability results.
2012 Sharif University of Technology. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.
1. Introduction
Concrete industries and, especially, ready-mixed concrete
industries, are faced with a common problem known as
casting delay, which usually results in a considerable loss of
workability, so that concrete may be unworkable. Delay in the
production and delivery of ready-mixed concrete is inevitable,
which is influenced by the location of construction sites in
relation to the central batching plant and traffic conditions on
the route. On the other hand, improper methods of handling,
lack of site organization, work scheduling and breakdown of
equipment are some other causes of unexpected long delays.
The practice of retempering is frequently performed to
restore the initial slump and keep concrete workable at
construction sites in order to cope with the need for expediting
casting operations and reducing consolidation efforts [1].
Corresponding author.
E-mail address: sobhani@bhrc.ac.ir (J. Sobhani).
212
Nomenclature
RS:
RW:
RWW:
7CS:
28CS:
WP:
CDT:
213
Physical properties
62.89
20.19
3.84
3.99
0.20
0.20
0.72
0.26
1.87
54.02
16.41
4.01
18.2
28.5
42.6
85
210
331.4
3.81
0.24
Specific gravity
(g/cm3 )
Absorption,
24 h (%)
2.53
2.56
2.42
1.93
Fineness
modulus
3.2
Passing from
75 m sieve
(no. 200)
1.1
0.2
RSref
RWref
RWWref
RSn
RWn
RWWn
Superplasticizer
(% of cement)
0
0
2
Variable
178
178
125
178
178 + Variable
125 + 53
Final w/c
0.5
0.5
0.35
0.5
unknown
0.5
Casting
slump
(mm)
35
40
15
7090
7090
5590
a
Concretes made with constant content of coarse aggregate = 712 kg/m3 , fine aggregate=1058 kg/m3 , and
cement=356 kg/m3 .
of free water, i.e., 53 kg/m3 (w/c = 0.15) was used for the
retempering process at the time of casting after intervals of
15 min up to 90 min. In this case, the slump values were just
monitored until a total time of 90 min. The final slump reached
55 mm, which was acceptable for our case.
3.4. Steps of experiment
The following steps were employed to perform the experimental work:
Step 1. In each case, the reference concretes, i.e., RSref , RWref
and RWWref , were batched and produced based on ingredient
materials given in Table 3.
214
215
Table 4: Compressive strength and water permeability of concrete retempered with RS, RW and RWW.
CDT (min)
Reference
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
7CS (MPa)
28CS (MPa)
WP (mm)
RS
RW
RWW
RS
RW
RWW
RS
RW
RWW
20.6
22.3
22.6
24.5
25.4
25.0
25.2
25.2
21.5
15.5
16.5
17.4
16.6
15.8
15.8
15.5
40.4
25.5
25.8
26.9
27.6
28.5
28.5
28.5
33
35.9
36.4
36.4
39
40.1
40.2
40.2
30.8
26.0
28.5
29.0
28.5
28.0
28.0
28.1
50.7
41.2
41.5
41.7
42.1
43.6
44.2
44.3
12.5
12
11.5
12.5
13
12.3
12
12
16.0
16.5
17.0
16.0
17.0
16.5
16.5
17.0
14.5
13.5
13.5
14.0
14.0
15.0
14.0
14.5
RS
RWW
RW
28CS
+8.0
+21.5
28.2
+9.6
+22.1
20.2
216
Average
improve/decline in WP (%)
+13
+0.5
18.9
Acknowledgments
This outcome has been achieved within the activities of the
BHRC with the financial support of the Bonyad-Beton, Iran.
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Jafar Sobhani received a B.S. Degree in Civil Engineering from Iran University of
Science and Technology, an M.S. Degree from Isfahan University of Technology
and a Ph.D. Degree in Structural Engineering from Amirkabir University
of Technology (AUT), Tehran, Iran. Currently, he is Assistant Professor in
the Concrete Technology Department at the Building and Housing Research
Center, Iran. His research interests include: concrete technology, computational
intelligence, and sustainable development.
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