APUNTES de INGLES

Pronombres
Pronombres
Nominativos

Pronombres
Acusativos

Pronombres
Reflexivos

Adjetivos
Posesivos

Pronombres
Posesivos

I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they

Me
You
Him
Her
It
Us
You
them

myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their

mine
yours
his
hers

Pronombres Indefinidos
Everybody
nobody
Everyone
no one
Everything
nothing
Pronombres Relativos
who
which

somebody
someone
something

that

whom

-----

ours
yours
theirs

anybody
anyone
anything

whose

Determiners
The Definite Article The Demonstratives

The Quantifiers&
Others

The Indefinite Article The Possessives

The Numbers

The Definite Article: The (de / di) el, la, lo, los, las.

The boy - el nio

The boys - los nios
The girl - la nia
The girls - las nias
The bus - el autobs
The buses - los autobuses
The man - el hombre
The men - los hombres
The woman - la mujer

The box - la caja

The boxes - las cajas
The beach - la playa
The beaches - las playas
The person - la persona
The people - las personas
The factory - la fbrica
The factories - las fbricas
The foot - el pie

The women - las mujeres

The feet - los pies

Questions
WH - Questions

YES/NO - Questions

TAG Questions

EMBEDDED

WH - QUESTIONS
What ? - Qu? Cul? Cules?
How often ? - Con qu frecuencia?
What else? - Qu ms?
How long ? - Cunto tiempo? Qu longitud?
Which ? - Qu? Cul? Cules?
How long ago? - Hace cunto tiempo?
How ? - Cmo? Cun?
How old ? - Qu edad? Cun viejo?
How else ? - De qu otra manera?
How soon ? - Cun pronto?
When ? - Cundo?
How big ? - Qu tamao? Cun grande?
How far ? - A qu distancia? Cun
Where ? - Dnde? Adnde?
lejos?

Where else ? - Dnde ms?

Why ? - Por qu? Para qu?
Who ? - Quin? Quienes?
Who else? - Quin ms?
Whom ? - A quin? A quines?
Whose ? - De quin? De quines?
How much ? - Cunto/a?
How many ? - Cuntos/as?

How tall ? - Qu estatura? Cun alto?

How deep ? - Qu profundidad?
How early ? - Cun temprano?
How late ? - Cun tarde?
How heavy ? - Qu peso? Cun
pesado?

How thick ? - Qu espesor? Cun

grueso?

What time ? - Qu hora? A qu hora?

What kind ? - Qu clase ? Qu tipo?

Tiempos Verbales
Simple Tenses

Progressive Tenses

(1) Present

(4) Past Perfect

(7) Conditional

What happens?

What had happened?

What would happen?

(2) Past

(5) Future

(8) Past Conditional

What happened?

What will happen?

What would have happened?

(3) Present Perfect

(6) Future Perfect

(9) Modal Verbs

What has happened?

What will have happened?

What (can, could...) happen?

What happens ? ----------- Qu pasa

Affirmative-------- V1

V2

V3

I go to the

went

gone

Subject + V1

go

office - Voy a la oficina

You come from
Brazil - Tu vienes de

come

came

come

buy

bought

bought

lived

lived

work

worked

worked

sell

sold

sold

did

done

gave

given

visited

visited

travel

traveled

traveled

bring

brought

brought

take

took

taken

say

said

said

accepted

accepted

believed

believed

Brasil

She buys
everything - Ella
compra todo

They live in
Chicago - Ellos viven live
en Chicago

We work
here - Nosotros
trabajamos aqu

Negative---------Subject + don't/doesn't
+ V1
I don't sell
anything - No vendo
nada

You don't do that

work - T no haces ese do
trabajo

He doesn't give the

give
orders - l no da las
rdenes

She doesn't visit

anybody - Ella no visita visit
a nadie

They don't travel

anywhere- Ellos no
viajan a ninguna parte

Interrogative----Do/does + subject +
V1 ?
Do I bring the
beer ? - Traigo la
cerveza ?

Do you take the

books ? - Llevs los
libros ?

What does he
say ? - Qu dice l ?

Does she accept

presents ? Acepta ella accept
regalos ?

Do they believe in
God ? Creen ellos en believe
Dios ?

Simple Present: To go
Affirmative

Negative

Interrogative

I go
You go
He goes
She goes
It goes
We go
You go
They go

I don't go
You don't go
He doesn't go
She doesn't go
It doesn't go
We don't go
You don't go
They don't go

Do I go ?
Do you go ?
Does he go ?
Does she go ?
Does it go ?
Do we go ?
Do you go ?
Do they go ?

To Be: ser o estar To Have: haber o tener

Verbo To Be
TIEMPOS

Forma Afirmativa

Verbo To Have
Forma Negativa

Forma Interrogativa

Present

I am a farmer

I have a farm

Past

You are tired

You have to rest

Present Perfect He/ She/ It is sick

He/ She / It has fever

Past Perfect

We are musicians

We have instruments

Future (will)

You are shouting

You have to shut up

Fut (be+going
to)

They are rich

They have money

Future Perfect

Traduccin

Conditional

Soy un granjero

Tengo una granja

Past
Conditional

Ests cansado

Tens que descansar

(//) Est enfermo

(//) Tiene fiebre

Somos msicos

Tenemos instrumentos

(Uds) estn gritando

(Uds) tienen que callarse

Son ricos

Tienen dinero

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
abide (abid)
arise (aris)
awake (auik)
be am/are/is
beat (bit)

Simple Past
abode (abud)
arose (arus)
awoke (auuk)
was/were (us/ur)
beat (bit)

Past Participle
abode (abud)
arisen (arsen)
awoke (auuk)
been (bin)
beaten (bten)

Meanings
soportar
sublevarse subir
despertarse
ser o estar
golpear

become (bicm)
begin (bigun)
bend (bend)
bet (bet)
bind (bind)

became (bikim)
began (bign)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)

become (bicm)
begun (bign)
bent (bent)
bet (bet)

convertise en
comenzar
doblar
apostar

Verbos Irregulares
(1) (2) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
bite (bit)
bleed (blid)
blow (blu)
break (brik)
breed (brid)
bring (bring)
build (bild)
buy (bi)
catch (ctch)
choose (chus)

Simple Past
bit (bit)
bled (bled)
blew (blu)
broke (bruk)
bred (bred)
brought(brot)
built (bilt)
bought (bot)
caught(cot)
chose (chus)

Past Participle
bitten (bten)
bled (bled)
blown (blun)
broken (bruken)
bred (bred)
brought (brot)
built (bilt)
bought (bot)
caught (cot)
chosen (chusen)

Meanings
morder
sangrar
soplar
romper
criar
traer
construir
comprar
agarrar, coger
elegir

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) (3) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
come (cam)
creep (crip)
deal (dil)
dig (dig)
do (du)
draw (dro)
drink (drink)
drive (driv)
eat (it)
fall (fol)

Simple Past
came (kim)
crept (crpt)
dealt (delt)
dug (dag)
did (did)
drew (dru)
drank (draank)
drove (druv)
ate (it)
fell (fel)

Past Participle
come (cam)
crept (crpt)
dealt (delt)
dug (dag)
done (doon)
drawn (droon)
drunk (drank)
driven (drven)
eaten (ten)
fallen (flen)

Verbos Irregulares

Meanings
venir
arrastrarse
tratar
cavar
hacer
dibujar, atraer
beber
conducir
comer
caer

(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) (4) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
feed (fid)
feel (fil)
fight (fit)
find (find)
flee (fli)
fling (fling)
fly (fli)
forget (forgut)
freeze (fris)
get (gut)

Simple Past
fed (fed)
felt (felt)
fought (fot)
found (fund)
fled (fled)
flung (flang)
flew (flu)
forgot (forgt)
froze (frus)
got (got)

Past Participle
fed (fed)
felt (felt)
fought (fot)
found (fund)
fled (fled)
flung (flang)
flown (flun)
forgotten (forgten)
frozen (frusen)
got(ten) (gten)

Meanings
dar de comer
sentir
pelear
encontrar, hallar
huir de
arrojar
volar
olvidar
congelar
conseguir

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) (5) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
give (guv)
go (gu)
grind (grind)
grow (gru)
hang (jang)
have (jav)
hide (jid)
hit (jit)
hold (juld)
keep (kip)

Simple Past
gave (guiv)
went (unt)
ground (grund)
grew (gru)
hung (jaang)
had (jad)
hid (jid)
hit (jit)
held (jeld)
kept (kept)

Past Participle
given (guven)
gone (gn)
ground (grund)
grown (grun)
hung (jaang)
had (jad)
hidden (jden)
hit (jit)
held (jeld)
kept (kept)

Meanings
dar
ir
moler
crecer
colgar
tener
esconder
golpear
sostener asir
guardar, mantener

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) (6) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
kneel (nil)
know (nu)
lead (lid)
leave (liv)
lend (lend)
lose (lus)
make (mik)

Simple Past
knelt (nelt)
knew (ni)
led (led)
left (left)
lent (lent)
lost (lost)
made (mid)

Past Participle
knelt (nelt)
known (nun)
led (led)
left (left)
lent (lent)
lost (lost)
made (mid)

Meanings
arrodillarse
saber, conocer
guiar
dejar irse
prestar
perder
hacer

mean (min)
meet (mit)
pay (pi)

meant (ment)
met (met)
paid (pid)

meant (ment)
met (met)
paid (pid)

significar
encontrarse con
pagar

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) (7) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
put (put)
read (rid)
ride (rid)
ring (ring)
run (ran)
say (si)
see (si)
seek (sik)
sell (sel)
shake (shik)

Simple Past
put (put)
read (red)
rode (rud)
rang (raang)
ran (raan)
said (sed)
saw (so)
sought (sot)
sold (suld)
shook (shuk)

Past Participle
put (put)
read (red)
ridden (rden)
rung (rang)
run (ran)
said (sed)
seen (sin)
sought (sot)
sold (suld)
shaken (shiken)

Meanings
poner
leer
montar, andar en
sonar
correr
decir
ver
buscar
vender
sacudir

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) (8) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
shine (shin)
shoot (sht)
show (shu)
shrink (shrink)
sing (sing)
sink (sink)
sit (sit)
slay (sli)
sleep (slip)
slide (slid)

Simple Past
shone (shun)
shot (sht)
showed (shud)
shrank (shraank)
sang (sang)
sank (saank)
sat (sat)
slew (slu)
slept (slept)
slid (slid)

Past Participle
shone (shun)
shot (shot)
shown (shun)
shrunk (shrank)
sung (saang)
sunk (sank)
sat (sat)
slain (slin)
slept (slept)
slid (slid)

Meanings
brillar
disparar
mostrar
encogerse
cantar
hundir
sentarse
matar
dormir
deslizarse

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) (9) ( 10 ) ( 11 )
Simple Present
sling (sling)

Simple Past
slung (slang)

Past Participle
slung (slaang)

Meanings
tirar arrojar

speak (spik)
spend (spend)
spin (spin)

spoke (spuk)
spent (spent)
spun (span)

spoken (spuken)
spent (spent)
spun (span)

stand (stand)

stood (std)

stood (std)

ponerse (estar) de
pie

steal (stil)

stole (stul)

stolen (stulen)

robar

stick (stik)

stuck (stak)

stuck (stak)

pegar (con cola),

meter

sting (sting)
strike (strik)
strive (striv)

stung (stang)
struck (strak)
strove (struv)

stung (stang)
struck (strak)
striven (strven)

hablar
gastar
hilardar vueltas

picar pinchar
golpear pegar
esforzarse

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) (10) ( 11 )
Simple Present
swear (sur)
sweep (suip)
swell (sul)
swim (sum)
take (tik)
teach (tich)
tear (ter)
tell (tel)
think (zink)
thrive (zriv)

Simple Past
swore (sur)
swept (supt)
swelled (suld)
swam (suam)
took (tk)
taught (tot)
tore (tor)
told (tuld)
thought (zot)
throve (zruv)

Past Participle
sworn (surn)
swept (supt)
swollen (sulen)
swum (sum)
taken (tiken)
taught (tot)
torn (torn)
told (tuld)
thought (zot)
thriven (zrven)

Meanings
jurar
barrer
hinchar
nadar
llevar tomar
ensear
desgarrar
decir
pensar
prosperar

Verbos Irregulares
(1) ( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 ) ( 5 ) ( 6 ) ( 7 ) ( 8 ) ( 9 ) ( 10 ) (11)
Simple Present
throw (zru)
tread (tred)
understand(stand)

wear (wer)
weave (wv)
weep (wip)
win (win)

Simple Past
threw (zru)
trod (trod)

Past Participle
thrown (zrun)
trodden (trden)

Meanings
arrojar
pisar

understood (-std) understood (-std) entender

wore (wor)
wove (wov)
wept (wpt)
won (won)

worn (worn)
woven (wven)
wept (wpt)
won (won)

usar (ropa)
tejer
llorar
ganar

wind (wind)
wring (ring)
write (rit)

wound (wund)
wrung (rang)
wrote (rut)

wound (wund)
wrung (rang)
written (rten)

enrollar
estrujar
escribir

Verbos Modales
Can
May
Could
Might
p.ej. I can: (puedo/s)

Will
Would

Shall
Should

Must
Ought to

Affirmative: can

Negative: can't / cannot

Interrogative Can ...?

I can drive

I cannot read

Can you speak Spanish?

Puedo/s conducir

No puedo/s leer

Pods/sabs hablar espaol?

You can play chess

You can't say that

Can you play chess?

T puedes/sabes jugar al ajedrez

No puedes decir eso

Pods/Sabs jugar al ajedrez?

He can go if he wants

He can't finish this now

Can we tell you something?

l puede ir si quiere

l no puede terminar esto ahora

Podemos decirte algo?

That can be very difficult

Can she go out tonight?

Eso puede ser muy difcil

She can't read without

glasses

It can be raining

It cannot be so easy

Can it fly?

Puede estar lloviendo

(algo) No puede ser tan fcil

(algo)Puede volar?

Ella no puede leer sin anteojos

We can do that very easily We can't understand this

Puede ella salir esta noche?

Can we start tomorrow?

Podemos hacer eso muy

facilmente

No podemos entender esto

Podemos empezar maana?

Anybody can have bad

luck

You can't be so crazy

Can I be with you?

No puedes estar tan loco

Puedo estar contigo?

Cualquiera puede tener mala suerte

The film can be very

boring
El film puede ser muy aburrido

Can they stay with us?

They cannot live here

Pueden ellos quedrse con

nosotros?

Ellos no pueden vivir aqu

Affirmative
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They

can

go
come
work
live
speak
...

Negative
I
You
He

cannot

go
come
work

She
It
We
You
They

can't

live
speak
...

Interrogative

Can

I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they

go ?
come ?
work ?
live ?
speak ?
...

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) ACCOUNT FOR - explicar-

4) ASK AFTER -preguntar por alguien-

2) ADD UP -tener sentido-

5) ASK FOR -preguntar por-

3) ALLOW FOR -tener en cuenta-

6) ASK OUT - invitar a salir-

Ejemplos
1) The storm accounts for the plane crash.

4) Susan is asking after your brother.

2) "I can't understand this. It doesn't add

up".

5) He was very hungry

and asked me for something to eat.

3) All good fishermen allow for the

posibility of snake bites.

6) John likes Susan. He

will ask her out tonight.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) BACK DOWN - echarse atrs

7) BREAK DOWN - averiarse, descomponerse

2) BACK OUT - romper una promesa

8) BREAK IN(TO) - entrar por la fuerza

3) BACK UP - apoyar

9) BREAK OUT - comenzar (una calamidad)

4) BACK UP - retroceder

10) BREAK UP - romper relaciones

5) BLOW UP - estallar

11) BRING UP - educar, criar

6) BLOW UP - llenar de aire, inflar

12) BRING UP - proponer, traer a colacin

Ejemplos

1) Susan threatened to leave, but later

she backed down and stayed.

7) Jack had a terrible day yesterday. His

car broke down on his way to work.

2) Bill's father promised to buy him a

bicycle, but he finally backed out of his
promise.

8) Burglars broke into Jack's apartment

while he was on vacation.

3) If you decide to present that proposal,

I'll back you up .

9) The nation was happy until a terrible

war broke out.

4) Can you back your car up a little? It's

blocking my driveway !

10) Tom got very angry and broke up with

Susan.

5) The soldiers blew the bridge up .

Nobody can cross now.

11) His parents died, so he was brought

up by his grandfather.

6) Will you help me blow these

balloons up for the party?

12) A posible solution was brought up in

the last meeting.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) CALL OFF - cancelar, suspender

11) COME ACROSS - encontrar, toparse con

2) CALL ON - visitar, acudir a

12) COME ALONG - acompaar

3) CALL UP - llamar por telfono

13) COME AWAY / OFF - desprenderse,

soltarse

4) CARE FOR - gustar (se usa negando)

14) COME DOWN WITH - enfermarse de

5) CARRY ON - continuar , seguir

15) COME LOOSE - aflojarse

6) CARRY OUT - llevar a cabo, realizar

16) COME OVER - venir a la casa de uno

7) CATCH UP (WITH) - alcanzar

17) COME ROUND / TO - recobrar la

conciencia

8) CHECK IN - registrarse ( en hotel , etc)

18) COUNT ON - contar con , confiar en

9) CHECK OUT - investigar

19) CUT BACK ON - reducir en consumo de

10) CHECK OUT OF - irse ( de un hotel, etc)

20) CUT UP - cortar en pedacitos

Ejemplos
1) The football match was called off due to
11) I came across an old friend yesterday.
the heavy rain.
2) If you have problems with your
homework, you can call on me.

12) If you want, you can come along with

us.

3) Please, call me up when you finish that

report.

13) I caught the rope strongly with my

hands, but it came off.

4) I really like Brazil, but I

don't care much for its food.

14) Bob didn't come to work today.

He came down with the flu.

5) Although we are very tired, we

must carry on with this work.

15) The rope came loose, so the boat

started to drift away.

6) The work on the building was carried

out in only two months.

16) We are going to have a party at home

tonight. Will you come over?

7) Sally is so intelligent and so fast. It's

really hard to catch up withher.

17) She fainted, but fortunately she came

round very quickly.

8) He arrived at the hotel and checked in.

18) You can count on Jack. He is very

honest.

9) I think this information is wrong. Could

you check it out ?

19) You are a little overweight. You

should cut back on the amount of fat in
your meals.

10) He checked out of the hotel because he 20) In order to make this stew, cut up the
didn't like the service.
meat first.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) DO AWAY WITH - abolir, eliminar

6) DRAW NEAR - acercarse

2) DO UP - abrochar, atar

7) DRAW UP - redactar

3) HAVE TO DO WITH - tener que ver con

8) DRAW UP - detenerse, pararse

4) DO WITHOUT - arreglrselas sin

9) DROP IN (ON) - dar un visita

5) DRAG ON - ser interminable

10) DROP OUT (OF) - abandonar, dejar de ir a

Ejemplos
1) The police are trying to do away
with crime in this city.

6) As summer draws near, people think

about going to the beach.

2) Bill's mother taught him how to do

up his shoelaces.

7) After they had agreed on the terms,

they drew up a contract.

3) That story has nothing to do with the

real facts.

8) Bill drew his car up when he saw

children crossing the street.

4) The refrigerator was empty, so I had

to do without breakfast that day.

9) Next week I will have a lot of free time.

Please, drop inanytime you want.

5) Time drags on when you are waiting for 10) Many young people are dropping out
something
of school nowadays.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) FACE UP TO - hacer frente a

6) FEEL UP TO - sentirse capaz de

2) FALL BEHIND - quedarse atrs

7) FIGURE OUT - comprender, entender

3) FALL FOR - enamorarse de

8) FILL IN / UP - rellenar (formularios)

4) FALL THROUGH - fracasar (un plan)

9) FILL IN FOR - reemplazar, substituir

5) FEEL LIKE - tener ganas de

10) FIND OUT - averiguar, descubrir

Ejemplos
1) He had to face up to many problems
during his childhood.

6) This is a very difficult task. Do you feel

up to doing it ?

2) John was supposed to finish this work

today, but he fell behind.

7) Jane is still trying to figure out how to

solve the math problem.

3) Jack finds Mary to be very attractive. I

think he fell for her.

8) Your address is missing in the form. Can

you fill it in, please ?

4) I wanted to go fishing on Sunday, but my 9) The Professor Brown is not coming . Mrs
plans fell through due to the bad weather. Smith will fill in forhim today.
10) The firemen are trying to find out the
cause of the fire.

5) I don't feel like working today.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) GET ALONG (WITH) - llevarse bien (con)

7) GIVE AWAY - regalar

2) GET BY - sobrevivir (financieramente)

8) GIVE IN - ceder, entregarse

3) GET OVER - recuperarse (de algo malo)

9) GIVE UP - rendirse, darse por vencido

4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar

10) GIVE UP - dejar de

5) GET TOGETHER - reunirse, juntarse

11) GO ALONG WITH - estar de acuerdo con

6) GET RID OF - deshacerse de, librarse de

12) GO ON (WITH) - continuar

Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.

7) You don't wear those shoes anymore.

Why don't you give themaway?

2) The whole family had to get by on the

mother's salary.

8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He

will give in at any moment.

3) John got over his illness very quickly.

9) You are about to finish the race.

Don't give up now!

4) Alice won't be able to get through

with her project until next year..

10) Mary is pregnant. She should give

up smoking.

5) The family got together to celebrate

Christmas.

11) That manager never goes along

with the workers' ideas.

6) Why don't you get rid of these old

magazines?

12) We have to go on with this work.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) GET ALONG (WITH) - llevarse bien (con)

7) GIVE AWAY - regalar

2) GET BY - sobrevivir (financieramente)

8) GIVE IN - ceder, entregarse

3) GET OVER - recuperarse (de algo malo)

9) GIVE UP - rendirse, darse por vencido

4) GET THROUGH (WITH)- terminar, finalizar

10) GIVE UP - dejar de

5) GET TOGETHER - reunirse, juntarse

11) GO ALONG WITH - estar de acuerdo con

6) GET RID OF - deshacerse de, librarse de

12) GO ON (WITH) - continuar

Ejemplos
1) Dogs don't usually get along with cats.

7) You don't wear those shoes anymore.

Why don't you give themaway?

2) The whole family had to get by on the

mother's salary.

8) The boxer cannot continue fighting. He

will give in at any moment.

3) John got over his illness very quickly.

9) You are about to finish the race.

Don't give up now!

4) Alice won't be able to get through

with her project until next year..

10) Mary is pregnant. She should give

up smoking.

5) The family got together to celebrate

Christmas.

11) That manager never goes along

with the workers' ideas.

6) Why don't you get rid of these old

magazines?

12) We have to go on with this work.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) KEEP ON - seguir, continuar

3) KNOCK OUT - dejar sin sentido

2) KEEP UP WITH - mantenerse al nivel de

4) KNOCK OVER - tirar, volcar, atropellar

Ejemplos
1) John will keep on working in that firm for two more years.
2) Laura is so smart and fast. It's really difficult to keep up with her!
3) The old lady knocked the thief out with her umbrella.
4) The car knocked the boy over. Now, he is at the hospital.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) LAY OFF- despedir

10) LOOK BACK ON - recordar, mirar hacia

atrs

2) LEAVE OUT - omitir, olvidar

11) LOOK DOWN ON - despreciar,

menospreciar

3) LET DOWN - decepcionar , defraudar

12) LOOK FOR - buscar

4) LET IN - dejar entrar

13) LOOK FORWARD TO - esperar con ilusin

5) LET OUT - dejar salir

14) LOOK INTO - investigar

6) LET OFF - dejar ir (sin castigo)

15) LOOK OUT (FOR) - tener ciudado (de)

7) LET UP - amainar, disminuir

16) LOOK UP - buscar (una palabra, direccin

etc)

8) LIVE UP TO - cumplir con, actuar de acuerdo

17) LOOK UP - visitar
a
9) LOOK AFTER - cuidar

18) LOOK UP TO - respetar, admirar

Ejemplos
1) The company has laid off ten workers
this year.

10) Grandparents always look back

on their young days.

2) Jack left out his address in the form.

11) Jim is so arrogant. He looks down

on everybody less intelligent than him.

3) I trusted you, but you let me down!

12) Tom is looking for a new job.

4) Sally is knocking at the door. Let her in!

13) Billy is looking forward to going on

vacation to Europe.

5) Sally wants to leave. Let her out!

14) I think this report is wrong. Can

you look into it?

6) The judge felt sorry for the thief

and let him off.

15) Be careful !. Look out for snakes in

this area !

7) The rain started to let up.

16) Edward is looking up a word in the

dictionary.

8) Everybody thinks Robert is a good

person. He tries to live up to that
reputation.

17) If you come to my city, don't forget

to look me up !

9) The nanny is looking after the children.

18) He is the smartest in the class.

Everybody looks up to him.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) MAKE FOR - dirigirse a

5) MAKE UP - maquillarse

2) MAKE OFF WITH - robar, marcharse con

6) MAKE UP (WITH) - reconciliarse (con)

3) MAKE OUT - distinguir, descifrar, entender

7) MAKE UP FOR - compensar

4) MAKE UP - inventar, hacer

8) MIX UP - confundir, mezclar

Ejemplos
1) The plane was making for the airport.

5) Becky uses red lipstick and pink powder

to make up her face.

2) The maid made off with some of the

china from the dinning room.

6) Laura and his boyfriend had an argument

last night, but theymade up today.

3) The ship was so far from the coast that

nobody could make outits nationality.

7) Bill couldn't visit Mary yesterday. So, he

brought her a gift tomake up for it.

4) That writer makes up fantastic stories

8) The teacher mixed me up with so much

about life in the future.

information.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) PART WITH - deshacerse de, regalar

10) PULL DOWN - derribar, demoler

2) PASS AWAY - morir

11) PULL OVER - detenerse a un lado de la

calle

3) PASS OUT - distribuir, repartir

12) PULL THROUGH - salir adelante,

recobrarse

4) PASS OUT - desmayarse

13) PUT AWAY - guardar, poner en su lugar

5) PICK ON - molestar - fastidiar

14) PUT BACK - poner donde estaba

6) PICK OUT - escoger

15) PUT OFF - posponer

7) PICK UP- recoger

16) PUT ON - ponerse (ropa, joyas etc)

8) PICK UP - pasar a buscar

17) PUT OUT - apagar (fuego, luces etc)

9) POINT OUT - indicar

18) PUT UP WITH - tolerar, aguantar

Ejemplos
1) These books are occupying too much
space. I'll have to part with them.

10) The construction workers will pull

down the old building.

2) My grandfather passed away five years

ago.

11) The policeman ordered the speeding

driver to pull over.

3) James was passing out new books to

everyone in class.

12) She was in a hard situation, but

somehow she pulled through.

4) Nancy passed out when she heard the

bad news.

13) The little boy's room is a mess. His

mother wants him to puthis toys away.

5) Everyone in class picked on the new

student.

14) I took a book from the bookcase, but

I put it back at once.

6) Helen likes to pick out the best apples at 15) We'll have to put off our meeting for
the supermarket.
the next week.
7) I found a strange coin at the beach and
I picked it up.

16) I put on a warm coat because it was

cold outside.

8) Jane is going to the movies. Brian

will pick her up at 7:30 p.m.

17) The firemen put out the fire in less than

an hour.

9) The president pointed out the

achievements of his goverment.

18) That noise is bothering me. I cannot put

up with it any longer.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) RIP OFF - estafar, cobrar demasiado

4) RUN INTO - encontrarse con

2) RUN ACROSS - encontrarse con

5) RUN OUT OF - quedarse sin

3) RUN AWAY - escapar

6) RUN OVER - atropellar con el auto

Ejemplos
1) " Don't buy anything in that store.
They'll rip you off "

4) Laura ran into Mary when she was at

the supermarket.

2) Jane ran across her old friend from

school at the supermarket.

5) They wanted to go to Europe, but they

had run out of money.

3) The thief tried to run away, but the

police caught him.

6) The car ran over the dog that crossed the

street.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) SEE ABOUT - atender a, encargarse de

10) SHOW OFF - fanfarronear, presumir

2) SEND FOR - mandar a buscar

11) SHOW UP - aparecer

3) SET BACK - retrasar, demorar

12) SHUT UP - callar, silenciar

4) SET IN - comenzar

13) SLIP AWAY - escabullirse

5) SET OFF - partir

14) STAND FOR - significar, representar

6) SET OUT - partir

15) STAND OUT - sobresalir, destacarse

7) SET UP - establecer

16) STAND UP - dejar ( a alguien ) plantado

8) SETTLE DOWN - establecerce, adaptarse

17) STAND UP FOR - defender (verbalmente) a

9) SETTLE UP - pagar lo que se debe

18) STAND UP TO - hacer frente a

Ejemplos
1) Let's organize a party! You can see
about getting the groceries.

10) He always tries to impress people

by showing off.

2) Billy was feeling sick, so his mother sent 11) We waited for her, but she didn't show
for the doctor.
up.
3) The workers' strike set back the
completion of the new building.

12) Be quiet!... Shut up!

4) People start to wear warm clothes when

the winter sets in.

13) When nobody was watching, he slipped

away.

5) The boat will set off early in the

morning.

14) The letters U. N. stand for United

Nations.

6) All the sailors will set out in that boat

tomorrow.

15) That boy is so smart. He always stands

out in class.

7) That athlete set up a new world record.

16) John waited for Jane, but she didn't

come. She stood him up.

8) Brian likes this city. He is trying to settle 17) Everyone criticized her. Nobody stood
down .
up for her.
9) He won the lottery and was able to settle 18) You have to be brave. You have
up all his debts.
to stand up to that problem.

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) TAKE AFTER - parecerse a

11) TRY OUT - probar, poner a prueba

2) TAKE APART- desmontar, desarmar

12) TRY OUT FOR - tratar de ingresar a

3) TAKE CARE OF -cuidar

13) TURN DOWN - rechazar

4) TAKE OFF - despegar (un avin)

14) TURN IN - irse a la cama

5) TAKE OFF - quitarse (ropa)

15) TURN INTO - convertir en

6) TAKE UP - ocupar

16) TURN ON - prender, encender

7) TALK OVER - discutir

17) TURN OFF - apagar

8) THROW AWAY - tirar a la basura

18) TURN OUT TO BE - resultar ser

9) THROW UP - vomitar

19) TURN DOWN - bajar el volumen

10) TRY ON - probarse (ropa)

20) TURN UP - subir el volumen

Ejemplos
1) Mike takes after his father.

11) The technicians are trying out the new

car.

2) I have to repair this TV. I have

to take it apart first.

12) Tim would like to try out for the

baseball team.

3) The nanny is taking care of the children.

13) Mike asked Jane out, but

she turned him down.

4) The plane is taking off at this moment.

14) I am tired and it is too late. I think

I'll turn in.

5) His T-shirt was so dirty. He had

to take it off.

15) This sofa turns into a bed.

6) The old piano takes up too much space.

16) I was bored, so I turned the TV on.
They will move it somewhere else.
7) This subject is important. We
must talk it over.

17) I got tired of watching TV, so

I turned it off.

8) He threw away all the things that he

didn't use.

18) The film seemed good at first, but

it turned out to be very boring.

9) He had drunk so much that he had

to throw up.

19) The music is too loud.

Please, turn it down

10) I like this T-shirt. Can I try it on ?

20) Could you turn the TV up. I can't hear

it

Verbos Frasales
anterior <--- A - B - C - D - F - G - H - K - L - M - P - R - S - T - W ---> siguiente
1) WAIT ON - atender, servir

6) WIPE OUT - destruir completamente

2) WALK OUT ON - abandonar (novio/a)

7) WORK OUT - hacer ejercicio (en un gym)

3) WARM UP - entrar en calor

8) WORK OUT - resolver, elaborar

4) WATCH OUT (FOR) - tener ciudado (de)

9) WRITE DOWN - anotar, tomar apuntes

5) WEAR OUT - desgastar completamente

10) WRITE UP - redactar

Ejemplos
1) The salesgirl is waiting on the customer.

6) The small town was wiped out by the

tornado.

2) Sally is sad because her

boyfriend walked out on her.

7) Robert is in good shape because

he works out at the gym everyday.

3) Runners warm up before starting a race.

8) They have many problems in the

company, but they will workthem out.

4) "If you go into the jungle, watch out

for tigers "

9) The reporter wrote down everything the

rock star had said.

5) I have worn these shoes out. I have to

buy another pair.

10) They have reached an agreement and

now they will write upthe contract.

Voz Pasiva
Tiempos Simples

Tiempos Progresivos

Present

Past Perfect

Present Continuous

Past

Future

Past Continuous

Present Perfect

Modals

Future Continuous

Frmula :

Subject + (am/are/is) + V3
Sentence

Translation

The products are inspected

Se inspeccionan los productos

Workers are replaced by robots

Se reemplazan los obreros por robots

Thieves are arrested

Se arresta a los ladornes

That car is washed very week

Se lava ese auto todas las semanas

He is asked to be quiet

Se le pide que est callado

He is told not to make noise

Se le dice que no haga ruido

A solution is found

Se encuentra una solucin

Those houses are painted every year

Se pintan esas casas todos los aos

I am given a good advice

Se me d un buen consejo

The student is ordered to leave the room Se le ordena al estudiante que salga del aula
The kid is told not to cross the street

Se le dice al nio que no cruce la calle

I am asked to give a speech

Se me pide que d un discurso

A million copies are sold every year

Se venden un milln de copias todos los

aos

The suspect is investigated

Se investiga al sospechoso

Bill is asked to pay what he owes

Se le pide a Bill que pague lo que debe

The murderer is sentenced to death

Se sentencia a muerte al asesino

Rules are changed

Se cambian las reglas

A skyscraper is built

Se construye un rascacielos

Conditional Sentences
Type

IF clause

Main Clause

Type I

Present

will/ can/ may /must + V1

Type II

Past

would/ could/ might + V1

Type III

Past Perfect

would/ could/ might + have V3

Habitual

Present

Present

Imperativo

Present

Imperative

Sentence

Translation

If he is busy now, I will come back

tomorrow

Si est ocupado ahora, regresar maana

If I have time, I'll visit my parents this

afternoon

Si tengo tiempo, visitar a mis padres esta

tarde

If it is warm tomorrow, we'll go to the

beach

Si est caluroso maana, iremos a la playa

If it is cold, you must wear warm clothes Si est fro, debes usar ropa abrigada
If he doesn't do his homework, he can not
Si l no hace su tarea, no puede ir a la fiesta
go to the party
If she doesn't call you, you can call her

Si ella no te llama, tu puedes llamarla

If you work hard, you may become a

millonaire someday

Si trabajas duro, puede que te conviertas en

un millonario algn da

If you spend more than you earn, you'll

become a poor man

Si gastas ms de lo que ganas, te convertirs

en un hombre pobre

If they don't invite you, you must not go Si ellos no te invitan, no debes ir
If we don't hurry, we'll miss our bus

Si no nos apuramos, perderemos nuestro

autobus

If you pay now, you'll get a discount

Si pagas ahora, obtendrs un descuento

If they don't want to go out, they can stay

Si no quieren salir, se pueden quedar en casa
home
If you drink too much, you'll get drunk

Si bebes demasiado, te emborrachars

If you feel sick, you must stay in bed

Si te sientes enfermo, debes quedarte en

cama

If they don't come here, we'll have to go

there

Si ellos no vienen aqu, tendremos que ir all

There Be (impersonal)
ver + - ?
Conjugaciones

Significado

Ejemplos

THERE IS (singular)

HAY

There is a house

THERE ARE (plural)

HAY

There are two houses

THERE WAS (s)

HUBO, HABA

There was a party last night

THERE WERE (p)

HUBO, HABA

There were many people

THERE HAS BEEN (s)

HA HABIDO

There has been a hurricane

THERE HAVE BEEN (p)

HA HABIDO

There have been two hurricanes

THERE HAD BEEN

HABA HABIDO

There had been many problems

THERE WILL BE

HABR

There will be a party tonight

THERE IS GOING TO BE (s)

VA A HABER

There is going to be a celebration

THERE ARE GOING TO BE (p)

VA A HABER

There are going to be many guests

THERE WAS GOING TO BE (s)

IBA A HABER

There was going to be a party yesterday

THERE WERE GOING TO BE (p) IBA A HABER

There were going to be many guests

THERE WILL HAVE BEEN

HABR HABIDO

There will have been much money

THERE WOULD BE

HABRA

There would be an orchestra

THERE WOULD HAVE BEEN

HABRA HABIDO

There would have been many musicians

THERE CAN BE

PUEDE HABER

There can be a fire

THERE COULD BE

PODRA/ PUDO HABER There could be many injured people

THERE MAY BE

PUEDE HABER

There may be a storm

THERE MIGHT BE

PODRA HABER

There might be blackouts

THERE SHOULD BE

DEBERA HABER

There should be a warning

THERE MUST BE

DEBE HABER

There must be a way out

THERE HAS TO BE (s)

TIENE QUE HABER

There has to be a solution

THERE HAVE TO BE (p)

TIENE QUE HABER

There have to be several solutions

THERE HAD TO BE

TUVO/ TENA QUE

HABER

There had to be a cause

THERE COULD HAVE BEEN

PODRA/PUDO HABER
There could have been a mistake
HABIDO

THERE MIGHT HAVE BEEN

PODRA HABER
HABIDO

There might have been an explosion

THERE SHOULD HAVE BEEN

DEBERA HABER
HABIDO

There should have been warnings

THERE MUST HAVE BEEN

DEBE HABER HABIDO There must have been an error

TIENE QUE HABER

THERE HAS TO HAVE BEEN (s) HABIDO

THERE HAVE TO HAVE BEEN TIENE QUE HABER
HABIDO
(p)
THERE HAD TO HAVE BEEN

TUVO/TENA QUE
HABER HABIDO

There has to have been a reason

There have to have been many reasons
There had to have been a purpose

going to (gonna)

I am
You are
He is
She is
It is

Affirmative
going to come tomorrow
(gonna)

go next week
bring his sister
take her brother
be very easy

Traducin
Voy a venir maana
T vas a ir la prxima semana
l va a traer a su hermana
Ella va a llevar a su hermano
Va a ser muy fcil

We are
You are
They are

have a party
arrive early
leave late

Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta

Ustedes van a llegar temprano
Ellos se van a ir tarde

Negative
I am not
You are not
He is not
She is not
It is not
We are not
You are not
They are not

Traduccin

come tomorrow
go next week
bring his sister
going to take her brother
be very easy
(gonna) have a party
arrive early
leave late

No voy a venir maana

T no vas a ir la prxima semana
l no va a traer a su hermana
Ella no va a llevar a su hermano
No va a ser muy fcil
No vamos a tener una fiesta
Ustedes no van a llegar temprano
Ellos no se van a ir tarde

Interrogative
Am I
Are you
Is he
Is she
Is it
Are we
Are you
Are they

Traduccin

come tomorrow
?
go next week ?
bring his
going to sister ?
take her brother
(gonna) ?
be very easy ?
have a party ?
arrive early ?
leave late ?

Voy a venir maana?

Vas a ir la prxima semana?
l va a traer a su hermana?
Ella va a llevar a su hermano?
Va a ser muy fcil?
Nosotros vamos a tener una fiesta?
Ustedes van a llegar temprano?
Ellos se van a ir tarde?

Ms ejemplos:

I am going to travel to Paris. (voy a viajar a Pars)

I am going to visit my grandmother (voy a visitar a mi abuela)
She is going to make a cake for me (ella va a hacer una torta para mi)
They are not going to remember that (ellos no se van a acordar de eso)
We are not going to go anywhere (nosotros no vamos a ir a ninguna
parte)
Who is going to come today ? (Quin va a venir hoy?)
Are you going to buy a new car? (Vas comprar un nuevo auto?)
Are they going to help you ? (Ellos te van a ayudar?)
What are you going to bring ? (Qu vas a traer?)
When is she going to arrive ? (Cundo va a llegar ella?)

Imperatives
La forma imperativa se usa para dar instrucciones, rdenes, sugerencias,
advertencias y consejos

En forma afirmativa

En forma negativa

Don't cross the street ! - No cruces la

Come here - Ven aqu

calle!

Go there - And all

Open the door - Abr la puerta
Leave me alone - Dejme solo
Turn on the TV - Encend el televisor

Don't say that ! - No digas eso!

Don't be so mean ! - No seas tan malo!
Don't fight ! - No peles!
Don't drink so much ! - No tomes tanto!
Don't invite so many people ! - No

Turn off the radio - Apag la radio

invites tantas personas!

Be careful - S cuidadoso
Let me see that - Dejme ver eso

Don't make noise ! - No hagas ruido!

Don't interrupt ! - No interrumpas!
Don't drive so fast ! -No conduzcas tan

Call me up - Llamme por telfono

rpido!

Finish that report - Termin ese informe

Sit down - Sentte

Don't be late ! - No llegues tarde!

Don't come so early ! - No vengas tan
temprano!

Don't buy so many things ! - No

Stand up - Levantte

compres tantas cosas!

Let's
El Let's (let us) se usa para hacer una sugerencia en la cul uno mismo se
incluye

Let's

Let's not

Let's work - Trabajemos

Let's not hurry - No nos apuremos
Let's make a party - Hagamos una fiesta Let's not do that - No hagamos eso
Let's buy some beers - Compremos
Let's not waste time - No desperdiciemos
algunas cervezas

tiempo

Let's play basketball - Juguemos al

Let's not wait any more - No esperemos

bsketbol

ms

Let's go to the movies - Vayamos al cine

Let's not go so fast - No vayamos tan

rpido

Let's eat some ice creams - Comamos

Let's not drink so much - No tomemos

algunos helados

tanto

Let's take a walk - Tomemos un paseo

Let's not talk about that - No hablemos

de eso

Let's consider this problem -

Let's not bother them - No los

Consideremos este problema

molestemos

Let's see what we can do - Veamos que

podemos hacer

Let's not interrupt - No interrumpamos

Let's try to do it - Tratemos de hacerlo

Let's start with this - Comencemos con

Let's not say anything - No digamos nada

Let's not argue again - No discutamos de

esto

nuevo

Let's finish that - Terminemos eso

Let's not be upset about it - No estemos

molestos por ello

Agreement
Tambin (too) (so) --- Tampoco (either) (neither)

Affirmative (too) (so)

Negative (either) (neither)

I am hungry, and so are you.

I am hungry, and you are too.

I am not tired, and neither are my friends.

I am not tired, and my friends are not either.

My wife is a lawyer, and so am I.

My wife is a lawyer, and I am too.

My sister is not here, and neither are my

parents.
My sister is not here, and my parents are not
either.

She was here yesterday, and so was he.

She was here yesterday, and he was too.

They were not working, and neither was she.

They were not working, and she was not
either.

They were working, and so was I.

They were working, and I was too.

She was not from Brazil, and neither are

they.
She was not from Brazil, and they are not
either.

I can swim, and so can my brother.

I can swim, and my brother can too.

I can't play chess, and neither can you.

I can't play chess, and you can't either.

I could finish on time, and so could my

colleagues.
I could finish on time, and my colleagues
could too.

She couldn't see the film, and neither could

I.
She couldn't see the film, and I couldn't
either.

They might go fishing, and so might we.

They might go fishing, and we might too.

He might not stay longer, and neither might

we.
He might not stay longer, and we might not
either.

We must work hard, and so must he.

We must work hard, and he must too.

We must not be late, and neither must you.

We must not be late, and you must not
either.

I should study more, and so should you.

I should study more, and you should too.

I shouldn't drink so much, and neither

should you.
I shouldn't drink so much, and you shouldn't
either.

They will go to the movies, and so will I.

They will go to the movies, and I will too.

They won't attend the concert, and neither

will I.
They won't attend the concert, and I won't
either.

I would earn more, and so would my

partner.
I would earn more, and my partner would
too.

We wouldn't work on Sundays, and neither

would she.
We wouldn't work on Sundays, and she
wouldn't either.

Mary is not going to come, and neither are

Bill is going to rest, and so are his friends. her children.
Bill is going to rest, and his friends are too. Mary is not going to come, and her children
aren't either.

Jane studies German, and so do I.

Jane studies German, and I do too.

Susan doesn't know you, and neither do I.

Susan doesn't know you, and I don't either.

I don't like novels, and neither does my

I like to go fishing, and so does my brother.
girlfriend.
I like to go fishing, and my brother does
I don't like novels, and my girlfriend doesn't
too.
either.
John cleaned the house, and so did his wife. Bill didn't come, and neither did his brother.
John cleaned the house, and his wife did
Bill didn't come, and his brother didn't
too.
either.
Jack worked hard, and so did his
colleagues.
Jack worked hard, and his colleagues did
too.

Jack didn't bring anything, and neither did

his sister.
Jack didn't bring anything, and his sister
didn't either.

He has lived in this city for years, and so

have we.
He has lived in this city for years, and we
have too.

She has not seen that film yet, and neither

has her boyfriend.
She has not seen that film yet, and her
boyfriend hasn't either.

They have gone on vacation, and so has

their son.
They have gone on vacation, and their son
has too.

Billy has not finished his work yet, and

neither have his companions.
Billy has not finished his work yet, and his
companions haven't either.

I had heard a strange noise, and so had my

friend.
I had heard a strange noise, and my friend
had too.

He hadn't been there, and neither had his

family.
He hadn't been there, and his family hadn't
either.

They have time, and so do I.

They have time, and I do too.

They don't have money, and neither do we.

They don't have money, and we don't either.

Adjetivos
Contrastes

Comparativos
Adjetivos &
&
Verbos
Superlativos

Awake - despierto
Beautiful - hermoso
Big - grande
Bitter - amargo
Black - negro
Careful - cuidadoso
Dark - oscuro
Dead - muerto
Deep - profundo
Difficult - difcil
Dirty - sucio
Drunk - borracho
Expensive - caro

Adjetivos &
Adverbios

Contrastes
Asleep - dormido
Ugly - feo
Small - pequeo
Sweet - dulce
White - blanco
Careless - descuidado
Light - claro
Alive - vivo
Shallow - superficial
Easy - fcil
Clean - limpio
Sober - sobrio
Cheap - barato

Adjetivos &
Sustantivos

Far - lejano
Fast - rpido
Fat - gordo
Full - lleno
Glad - contento
Good - bueno
Happy - feliz
Hard - duro
Healthy - saludable
Heavy - pesado
High - alto
Hot - caliente
Interesting - interesante
Late - tarde
Long - largo
New - nuevo
On - encendido
Past - pasado
Polite - corts, atento
Rich - rico
Right - derecho
Right - correcto
Rough - spero
Safe - seguro
Same - mismo
Simple - simple
Single - soltero
Straight - derecho
Strong - fuerte
Tall - alto
Thick - grueso
True - verdadero
Useful - til
Warm - clido
Wet - mojado
Wide - ancho
Young - joven

Near - cercano
Slow - lento
Thin - flaco
Empty - vaco
Sad - triste
Bad - malo
Sorry - apenado
Soft - blando
Sick - enfermo
Light - liviano
Low - bajo
Cold - fro
Boring - aburrido
Early - temprano
Short - corto
Old - viejo
Off - apagado
Future - futuro
Rude - grosero
Poor - pobre
Left - izquierdo
Wrong - equivocado
Smooth - suave, liso
Dangerous - peligroso
Different - diferente
Complex - complejo
Married - casado
Crooked - torcido
Weak - dbil
Short - bajo
Thin - delgado
False - falso
Useless - intil
Cool - fresco
Dry - seco
Narrow - angosto, estrecho
Old - viejo

Adverbios
Se clasifican en adverbios de:
TIEMPO

LUGAR

FRECUENCIA

MODO

After - despus
Afterwards - despus
Again - otra vez
Already - ya
Always - siempre
As soon as - tan pronto como
At last - al fin
Before - antes
Early - temprano
Ever - siempre, alguna vez
Finally - finalmente
First - primeramente
Formerly - anteriormente
Hereafter - despus
Last - por ltimo
Lastly - finalmente
Late - tarde
Lately - ltimamente
Latterly - ltimamente
Long - mucho tiempo
Meanwhile - entretanto

GRADO

ASERCIN RACIOCINIO

Never - nunca
Newly - recin
Next - luego
No longer - ya no
Now - ahora
Now and then - de vez en cuando
Often - a menudo
Presently - luego
Seldom - rara vez
Shortly - en breve
Since then - desde entonces
Sometimes - algunas veces
Soon - pronto
Then - entonces
Till now - hasta ahora
Today - hoy
Tomorrow - maana
Until now - hasta ahora
When - cuando
Yesterday - ayer
Yet - todava

Conjunciones

According to - de acuerdo a
After - despus que
Although - aunque, si bien
And - y
As - cuando, mientras, a medida que, como
As if - como si
As long as - mientras, con tal que
As soon as - en cuanto

Namely - a saber
Neither... nor - ni... ni
Nevertheless - sin embargo, no obstante
Nor - ni
Notwithstanding - no obstante
Or - o
Or else - sino
Otherwhise - de otra manera, si no

As though - como si
As well as - adems de
Because - porque
Because of - debido a
Before - antes que
Both...and - tanto...como
But - pero
But - sino
Either... or - o... o
Even though - aunque
Except - excepto, salvo
For - porque
Furthermore - adems
However - sin embargo
If - si
In case of - en caso de
In order to - para
Moreover - adems, por otra parte

Provided - siempre que , con tal de que

Providing - siempre que , con tal de que
Since - puesto que, ya que, desde que
So as to - para
So as not to - para no
So that - para que
Still - sin embargo, no obstante
Than - que ( en comparaciones )
Therefore - por lo tanto
Though - aunque
Unless - a menos que
Until - hasta que
Whenever - cada vez que, cuando
Whereas - siendo que, mientras
Whether - si
Whether... or - si... o
While - mientrar, mientras que, aunque
Yet - sin embargo, no obstante

According to (acrding tchu) - de acuerdo a

- Everything was done according to his instructions -- Todo fue hecho de acuerdo a
sus instrucciones

After (fter) - despus que

- He started to eat after he had washed his hands -- Comenz a comer despus de
haberse lavado las manos
- After he had eaten, he went to bed -- Despus de que haba comido, se fue a la cama

Although (oldu) - aunque, si bien - (although = though = even though)

- Although he was not tall, he was excellent at basketball -- Aunque no era alto, era
excelente para el baloncesto
- Although she appears to be happy, she is actually very sad -- Anque parece estar
feliz, est muy triste en realidad

And - y
- Bill buys things and sells them at a higher price -- Bill compra cosas y las vende a un
precio ms alto

As - cuando, mientras, a medida que, como

- As the two boys walked down the street, they found a wallet -- Mientras los dos
chicos caminaban por la calle, encontraron una billetera
- As winter approaches, the temperature gets colder and colder -- A medida que se
aproxima el invierno, la temperatura se pone cada vs ms fra
- As she entered the restaurant, she saw us -- Cuando entr al restaurant, ella nos vi
- She acted as a crazy woman -- Ella actuaba como una loca
- He is not as intelligent as they think -- l no es tan inteligente como ellos piensan

As if - como si - (as if = as though)

- He acts as if he were rich -- l acta como si fuera rico
- They treat me as if they didn't know me -- Me tratan como si no me conocieran
- Bill started to shop as if he had won the lottery -- Bill comenz comprar como si
hubiera ganado la lotera
- They looked as if they hadn't slept for days -- Se vean como si no hubieran dormido
desde hace das

As long as (as lng as) - mientras, siempre que

- You can stay here as long as you work hard -- Te puedes quedar aqu mientras
trabajes duro
- I will live in this city as long as I can -- Vivir en esta ciudad mientras pueda
- Nobody will know about this secret as long as you keep mum -- Nadie sabr de este
secreto mientras mantengas la boca cerrada

As soon as (as sn as) - en cuanto, tan pronto como

-- I will do this work as soon as I can -- Har con este trabajo tan pronto como pueda
-- She started to work as soon as she graduated from the university -- Comenz a
trabajar tan pronto como se gradu de la universidad

As though (as du) - como si - (as if = as though)

Ver " As if "

As well as - adems de
- My sister as well as John will go to the movies tomorrow -- Mi hermana, as como
John, irn al cine maana
- She is intelligent as well as kind -- Ella es inteligente adems de amable
- She works as well as she studies -- Ella trabaja adems de estudiar

Because (bics) - porque

- I don't want to go out because it is too cold -- No quiero salir porque est demasiado
fro

Because of - debido a
- They stayed in because of the bad weather -- Ellos se quedaron en casa debido al mal
tiempo
- She can not play sports because of her illness -- Ella no puede practicar deportes
debido a su enfermedad

Before (bifr) - antes que

- Billy washed his hands before he started to eat -- Billy se lav sus manos antes de
empezar a comer
- He had trained for years before he decided to box professionally -- l haba
entrenado durante aos antes de decidirse a boxear profesionalmente

Both...and (buz...nd) - tanto...como

- He speaks both softly and clearly -- l habla tanto suavemente como claramente
- She plays both the piano and the harp -- Ella toca tanto el piano como el harpa

But - pero
- He spoke clearly, but I didn't understand him -- Habl claramente pero no lo entend
- She saw me, but she didn't recognize me -- Me vi pero no me reconoci

But - sino
- She is not from Argentina but from Brazil -- Ella no es de Argentina sino de Brazil
- He didn't work but he rested all day -- No trabaj sino que descanz todo el da

Either... or (der...or) - o... o

- Either start to work or quit this business -- O empezs a trajar o dejs este negocio

- He must be either very brave or very crazy -- l debe ser o muy valiente o muy loco
- You should either work or study -- T deberas, o trabajar, o estudiar

Even though (ven du) - aunque (although = though = even though)

- ver although

Except (excpt) - excepto, salvo

- They would go to Europe, except they have to go to Japan -- Iran a Europa salvo
que tengan que ir a Japn

For - porque
- We'll have to stay home, for it is raining outside -- Tendremos que quedarnos en casa
porque est lloviendo afuera
- He didn't greet her, for he was very angry -- l no la salud porque estaba muy
enojado
- She turned on the lights, for she was afraid of the dark -- Encendi las luces porque
tena miedo a la oscuridad

Furthermore (ferdermr) - adems - (furthermore = moreover)

- She doesn't want to study , and furthermore she doesn't want to work either -- Ella
no quiere estudiar y, adems, tampoco quiere trabajar
- He was a bad person, and furthermore he was very proud of that -- l era una mala
persona y, adems, estaba muy orgulloso de eso

However (jaover) - sin embargo - (however = nevertheless =

notwithstanding)
- They were not having fun, however they stayed all night -- Ellos no se estaban
divirtiendo, sin embargo, se quedaron toda la noche
- He didn't study much, however he got good grades -- l no estudiaba mucho, sin
embargo, obtena buenas notas

If - si
- If you drink too much, you'll get drunk -- Si bebes demasiado, te emborrachars
- If you spend more than you earn, you'll become a poor man -- Si gastas ms de lo
que ganas, te convertirs en un hombre pobre
- If he were in my place, he wouldn't do this -- Si l estuviese en mi lugar, no hara
esto

In case (of) (in kis ov) - en caso (de)

- Break the window in case of emergency -- Romper la ventana en caso de emergencia
- Call this number in case you get lost -- Llam a este nmero en caso de que te pierdas

In order to - para
- They left early in order to arrive on time for the movie -- Ellos salieron temprano
para llegar a tiempo para la pelcula
- We are working harder in order to earn more money -- Estamos trabajando ms
duro para ganar ms dinero

Moreover (moruver) - adems, por otra parte - (furthermore = moreover)

ver furthermore

Namely (nimli) - a saber

- There were two people in the house, namely Tom and Mary -- Haba dos personas
en la casa, a saber Tom y Mary

Neither... nor (nder..or) - ni... ni

- I want neither to work nor to study -- No quiero ni trabajar ni estudiar
- She drinks neither wine nor beer -- Ella no toma ni vino ni cerveza
- Neither Susan nor Bill wants to see that film -- Ni Susan ni Bill quieren ver esa

pelcula

Nevertheless (nverdils) - sin embargo, no obstante - (however = nevertheless

= notwithstanding)
- Ver however

Nor - ni
-- Bill didn't come today, nor will he come tomorrow -- Bill no vino hoy; ni (tampoco)
vendr maana

Notwithstanding (ntwidstnding) - no obstante

- Ver however

Or - o
- He never works. He is always sleeping or watching TV -- l nunca trabaja. Siempre
est durmiendo o mirando TV
- With all that money, they could buy a new house or travel around the world -- Con
todo ese dinero, ellos podran comprar una nueva casa o viajar alrededor del mundo

Or else (or ls) - sino

- You should study harder, or else you will fail the test -- Deberas estudiar ms duro,
sino reprobars la prueba
- They must leave now, or else they will arrive late -- Ellos deben salir ahora, sino
llegarn tarde

Otherwhise (derwis) - de otra manera, si no

- We should finish this now, otherwise we'll have to do it tomorrow -- Deberamos
terminar esto ahora, sino tendremos que hacerlo maana
- Fortunately they left early; otherwise they wouldn't have arrived on time -Afortunadamente salieron temprano; de otra manera no habran llegado a tiempo

Provided (provided) - siempre que , con tal de que - (provided = providing)

- I will buy the product, provided I can pay for it by credit card - Comprar el
producto, siempre que pueda pagarlo con la tarjeta de crdito
- They will believe you, provided you swear that it is true - Te creern, siempre que
jures que es verdad

Providing (providing) - siempre que , con tal de que - (provided = providing)

- They will go fishing next weekend, providing it doesn't rain -- Ellos irn a pescar el
prximo fin de semana, siempre que no llueva

Since (sns) - puesto que, ya que, desde que

- He didn't understand a word, since he doesn't speak English -- No entendi ni una
palabra puesto que no habla ingls
- Since it was too late, they decided to go to sleep, -- Puesto que era demasiado tarde,
decidieron irse a dormir
- She shouldn't eat so much, since she is a little fat -- No debera comer tanto puesto
que est un poco gorda

So as to - para
- They decided to take a plane so as to travel faster -- Decidieron tomar una avin
para viajar ms rpido
- She paid by cash so as to get a good discount -- Pag en efectivo para obtener un
buen descuento

So as not to - para no
- He took a short nap so as not to be too tired for the party -- El tom una breve siesta
para no estar demasiado cansado para la fiesta
- She wrote down his telephone number so as not to forget it -- Ella anot su nmero

de telfono para no olvidarlo

So that - para que

- You should learn more vocabulary so that you can speak better -- Deberas
aprender ms vocabulario para que puedas hablar mejor
- They decided to save extra money so that they would be able to go on vacation -Decidieron ahorrar dinero extra para poder ir de vacaciones
- He gave her a present so that she would feel better -- l le di un regalo para que
ella se sienta mejor

Still - sin embargo, no obstante

- Jack didn't study much for the test; still he managed to pass it -- Jack no estudi
mucho para la prueba, no obstante, se las arregl para aprobar
- He can not speak very well; still he understands everyting -- No puede hablar bien,
sin embargo, entiende todo
- They felt very sad; still they forced themselves to smile all the time -- Se sentan
muy tristes, no obstante, se obligaban a si mismos a sonrer todo el tiempo

Than - que ( en comparaciones )

- They started to have more problems than they expected -- Empezaron a tener ms
problemas que lo que esperaban
- She discovered that learning English is more difficult than she thought -- Ella
descubri que aprender ingls es ms dificil que lo que pens

Therefore (drfr) - por lo tanto

- I didn't have enough time to study for the test and therefore I couldn't pass it -- No
tuve suficiente tiempo para estudiar para la prueba y, por lo tanto, no pude aprobarla
- John left very late and therefore he didn't arrive on time -- John sali muy tarde y,
por lo tanto, no lleg a tiempo

Though (du) - aunque - (although = though = even though)

- ver although

Unless (anls) - a menos que

- You can not drink alcohol here, unless you are an adult -- No puedes beber alcohol
aqu, a menos que seas un adulto
- They won't be able to travel to Europe, unless they have their passports -- No
podrn viajar a Europa, a menos que tengan sus pasaportes
- Unless you can speak English very well, you can not study in an american
university -- A menos que puedas hablar ingls muy bien, no puedes estudiar en una
universidad americana

Until (antl) - hasta que

- They listened in silence until he finished his speech -- Escucharon en silencio hasta
que l termin su discurso
- He looked for his keys until he found them -- Busc sus llaves hasta que las encontr
- Bill can not go out to play soccer until he completes his homework -- Bill no puede
salir a jugar al ftbol hasta que termine su tarea

Whenever (wenver) - cada vez que, cuando

- He goes to the movies whenever he has the time -- l va al cine siempre cada vez que
tiene tiempo
- Whenever they have to work, they feel sick -- Cada vez que tienen que trabajar, se
sienten enfermos

Whereas (uras) - siendo que, mientras

- The weather is very nice here in summer, whereas in winter it is not so good -- El
tiempo es muy lindo aqu en verano, mientras que en invierno no es tan bueno

Whether (wder) - si
- You must tell me whether you will come -- Debes decirme si vendrs
- I don't know whether to buy this computer or not -- No s si comprar esta
computadora o no

Whether... or - si... o
- I don't know whether to take it or leave it -- No s si llevarlo o dejarlo
- She didn't understand whether she had to go or stay -- Ella no entendi si tena que
ir o quedarse

While (wil) - mientrar, mientras que, aunque

- Many things happened here while you were out --Muchas cosas pasaron aqu
mientras t estuviste afuera
- While they didn't know her very well, they invited her to their wedding -- Aunque
no la conocan bien, la invitaron a su boda

Yet (it) - sin embargo, no obstante

- He wanted to reply to that accusation, yet he didn't -- l quera contestar a esa
acusacin, sin embargo no lo hizo

Preposiciones

About - de, sobre, acerca de

Above - encima de
Across - al otro lado de, a travs de
After - despus de, detrs de, tras
Against - contra
Along - a lo largo de
Amid - entre, en medio de
Among - entre, en medio de
Around - alrededor de
At - en, a, de
Before - delante de, antes de
Behind - detrs de
Below - debajo de
Beneath - debajo de
Beside - al lado de
Besides - adems de
Between - entre (dos)
Beyond - ms all de
But - menos, salvo, excepto
By - por, de
Down - por

Into - en, a, dentro

Near - cerca de
Next to - al lado de, junto a
Of - de
Off - de, fuera de
On - en, sobre, encima
Onto - encima de, sobre, en
On top of - sobre, encima de
Out of - fuera de, sin
Over - sobre, ms de, durante, al otro lado
de

Per - por
Round - alrededor de
Since - desde
Through - A travs de, por
Throughout - por todo, durante
Till - hasta
To - a, hasta, hacia
Toward - hacia
Under - debajo de
Underneath - debajo de
Until - hasta

During - durante
For - por, para
From - de, desde
In - en, a, dentro, de
In front of - en frente de

Up - arriba de
Upon - sobre, encima de
With - con, de
Within - dentro de, a menos de
Without - sin

About (abut) - de, sobre, acerca de

- We are talking about the film we saw last night -- Estabamos hablando acerca de la
pelcula que vimos anoche
- What was it about ? -- De qu se trataba ?

Above (abv) - encima de

- There was an UFO above the house -- Haba un OVNI encima de la casa

Across (acrs) - al otro lado de, a travs de

- My apartment is across the street from the bank -- Mi departamento est al otro lado
de la calle desde el banco
- We ran across our neighbor's garden -- Corrimos a travs del jardn de nuestro
vecino

After (fter) - despus de, detrs de, tras

- The dog is running after the cat -- El perro est corriendo tras el gato
- It is 5 minutes after 4 o'clock -- Es 5 minutos despus de las 4 (es las cuatro y cinco
minutos)

Against (egunst) - contra, en contra de

- The journalist wrote an article against the goverment -- El periodista escribi un
artculo en contra del gobierno
- The plane crashed against the control tower - El avin se estrell contra la torre de
control
- He placed the ladder against the wall -- l puso la escalera contra la pared

Along (alng) - a lo largo de, por

- There are palm trees along the avenue -- Hay palmeras a lo largo de la avenida
- Many people walk along this corridor every day -- Muchas personas caminan por
este pasillo todos los das

Amid (amd) - entre, en medio de

- He was standing amid the crowd -- El estaba parado en medio de la multitud

Among (amng) - entre, en medio de

- I parked my car among the others -- Estacion mi auto en medio de los otros
- Jesus divided the bread among his disciples -- Jess dividi el pan entre sus
discpulos
- There was a traitor among them -- Haba un traidor entre ellos

Around (arund) - alrededor de

- He is wearing a chain around his neck -- l est usando una cadena alrededor de su
cuello
- A lot of reporters were around the actress -- Muchos reporteros estaban alrededor de
la actriz

At (t) - en, a
- My parents are at work -- Mis padres estn en el trabajo

- We usually get up at 8 o'clock, but on Sundays we get up at noon

-- Generalmente nos levantamos a las 8 pero los domingos nos levantamos al medioda
- She looked at me -- Ella me mir
- He is very good at sports -- l es muy bueno para los deportes
- At night -- Por las noche
- At times -- a veces
- At war -- En guerra

Before (bifr) - delante de, antes de

- The orator stood before the audience - El orador se par delante del auditorio
- Mary left before everyone else -- Mary se fue antes que todos

Behind (bijind) - detrs de

- There is a garden behind the house -- Hay un jardn detrs de la casa
- The boxer in white trunks is three points behind the champion -- El boxeador de
pantalones blancos est a tres puntos detrs del campen

Below (bilu) - bajo, debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)

- She has an apartment below mine -- Ella tiene un departamento debajo del mo
- It is freezing. The temperature is below zero. -- Est helando. La temperatura est
bajo cero

Beneath (binz) - bajo, debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)

- Johnny hid all his toys beneath his bed -- Johnny escondi todos sus juguetes debajo
de su cama
- I was sitting beneath my beach umbrella -- Estaba sentado debajo de mi sombrilla de
playa

Beside (bisid) - al lado de, junto a

- Mary sat beside me -- Mary se sent junto a m
- There is a garden beside the house -- Hay un jardn al lado de la casa

Besides (bisids) - adems de, excepto, aparte de

- There were two people at the house besides her -- Haba dos personas en la casa
adems de ella
- Besides his reputation, he has nothing else left -- Aparte de su reputacin, a l no le
queda nada ms

Between (bitun) - entre (solo referido a dos entidades)

- There are no secrets between you and me -- No hay secretos entre vos y yo
- I don't eat between meals -- No como entre las comidas
- There is a great distance between the two cities -- Hay una gran distacia entre las dos
ciudades

Beyond (bi nd) - ms all de, fuera de

- There is a river beyond those mountains -- Hay un ro ms all de esas montaas
- This problem is beyond my capacity. I can not understand it -- Este problema est
fuera de mi capacidad. No lo puedo entender
- Beyond doubt -- Fuera de toda duda

But (bat) - menos, salvo, excepto

- They work every day but Sunday -- Ellos trabajan todos los das salvo el domingo
- We eat any food but meat -- Comemos cualquier alimento excepto carne
- Anyone but her can go -- Cualquiera, excepto ella, puede ir

By (bi) - por, de, cerca

- This film was directed by Spielberg -- Este film was directed by Spielberg
-- I came by (train/car/bus...) -- Vine en (tren/auto/autobs...)
- I live by the river -- Vivo cerca del ro

- They will be here by 5 o'clock PM -- Estarn aqu cerca de las cinco de la tarde
- An even number can be divided by two -- Un nmero par puede dividirse por dos

Down (dun) - por

-- I was walking down the street when I saw the accident -- Estaba caminando por la
calle cuando v el accidente

During (diring) - durante

- The flowers blossom during the spring -- Las flores florecen durante la primavera
- He slept during all the class -- l durmi durante toda la clase

For (for) - por, para, a favor

- I have lived here for many years -- He vivido aqu desde hace (por) muchos aos
- This present is for us -- Es regalo es para nosotros
- They left for Chicago -- Ellos salieron para chicago
- She went for a walk -- Ella fue por una caminata
- Are you for or against that proposal ? -- Ests a favor o en contra de esa
propuesta ?
- We walked for five miles that day -- Caminamos 5 millas ese da
- What for ? -- Para qu ?

From (from) - de, desde

- Where are you from ? -- De dnde sos ?
- I received a letter from my sister -- Recib una carta de mi hermana
- That city is far from here -- Esa ciudad est lejos de aqu
- She works from 9 to 5 every day -- Ella trabaja de 9 a 5 todos los das
- They think they are different from the rest -- Ellos piensan que son diferentes del
resto
- I took a bus from Miami to Chicago -- Tom un autobs desde Miami a Chicago

In (in) - en, a, dentro, de

- In here - Aqu adentro
- In there - All adentro
-They will be in Miami in summer -- Estarn en Miami en el verano
- In the (morning/ afternoon/ evening) -- por la maana/tarde/noche
- I will see you in two weeks -- Te ver en dos semanas

In front of (in frnt ov) - en frente de

- My house is in front of the bank -- Mi casa est en frente del banco

Into (ntchu) - en, a, dentro, hacia adentro

- The cook went into the kitchen -- El cocinero fue a la cocina
- He put some vegetables into a pot -- Puso algunas verduras dentro de una olla

Near (ner) - cerca de

- My apartment is near a bank -- Mi departamento est cerca de un banco

Next to (nxt tchu) - al lado de, junto a

- The bank is next to a police station -- El banco est al lado de una comisara

Of (ov) - de
- The cabin is made of wood -- La cabaa est hecha de madera
- He is a friend of mine -- l es un amigo mo

Off (of) - de, fuera de (lo contrario de On)

- I took a book off the shelf -- Saqu un libro del estante (antes estaba on = sobre the
shelf)
- He took off his coat -- l se sac su saco (antes su saco estaba on = puesto)
- The boat is 3 miles off the coast -- El barco est a 3 millas en frente de la costa

- They turned off the TV -- Ellos apagaron la TV (antes estaba on = encendido)

On - en, sobre, encima

- On the bed -- En la cama
- On the wall -- En la pared
- On foot -- A pie
- On the telephone -- Al telfono
- On the left/right -- A la izquierda/derecha
- On Monday/Tuesday... -- El lunes/martes...
- On the radio. On TV -- En la radio . En la TV
- On vacation -- De vacaciones
- She put her coat on -- Ella se puso su saco (antes estaba off)
- I turned on the lights -- Encend las luces (antes estaban off)

Onto (ntu) - encima de, sobre, en

- The soccer players walked onto the field -- Los futbolistas entraron al campo de
juego

On top of (on tp ov) - sobre, encima de

- He was standing on top of a roof -- Estaba parado en el techo

Out of (ut ov) - fuera de, sin

- He came out of the bathroom -- l sali del bao
- He took a rabbit out of his hat -- Sac un conejo de su galera
- We are out of money -- Estamos sin dinero

Over (uver) - sobre, ms de, durante, al otro lado de

- The plane was flying over the city -- El avin estaba volando sobre la ciudad
- She is over 30 years old -- Ella tiene ms de 30 aos
- Bill will not work over the next month -- Bill no trabajar durante el mes prximo
- The dog jumped over the fence and ran away -- El perro salt la cerca y huy

Per (per) - por

- That model charges 1000 dollars per hour -- Esa modelo cobra 1000 dlares por hora

Round (rund) - alrededor de

- The shop is just round the corner -- El negocio est justo a la vuelta de la esquina
- The family sat round the table -- La familia se sent alrededor de la mesa

Since (sns) - desde

- Susan has been studying since 3 o'clock-- Susan ha estado estudiando desde las 3
- The champion has practiced this sport since he was a little boy -- El campen ha
practicado este deporte desde que era un muchachito

Through (zr) - A travs de, por, por medio de

- I was able to see a house through the fog -- Pude ver una casa a travs de la neblina
- They ran through the forest -- Corrieron a travs del bosque
- I learned about his divorce through the newspaper -- Me enter de su divorcio por
medio del diario

Throughout (zru ut) - por todo, durante todo

- It was raining throughout the country -- Estaba lloviendo por todo el pas
- It rained throughout the winter -- Llovi durante todo el invierno

Till (til) = hasta = Until

(ver until)

To (tchu) - a, hasta, hacia

- I want to give something to her -- Quiero darle algo a ella

- They turned to the left and went straight to the university -- Doblaron a la izquierda
y fueron derecho a la universidad

Toward (tuard) - hacia - (tambin se escribe Towards)

- A storm is going toward the city -- Una tormenta est yendo hacia la ciudad
- Billy started to run toward his mother -- Biilly comenz a correr hacia su madre
- We were all very hungry toward noon -- Estbamos todos muy habrientos hacia el
medioda

Under (nder) - debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)

- The mouse went under the bed -- El ratn se meti debajo de la cama
- I have a T-shirt under my sweater -- Tengo una remera debajo de mi suter
- He is working under pressure -- l est trabajando bajo presin
- Everything is under control -- Todo est bajo control

Underneath (andernz) - debajo de - (under = below = beneath = underneath)

- There is rust underneath the paint -- Hay xido debajo de la pintura

Until (antl) - hasta

- They played soccer until they got tired -- Jugaron al ftbol hasta que se cansaron
- He studied until midnight -- l estudi hasta la medianoche
- The results will not be given until tomorrow -- Los resultados no sern dados hasta
maana

Up (ap) - hacia arriba de

- He climbed up the mountain -- l trep la montaa
- They went up the stairs -- Subieron las escaleras
- Go up this road until you see a big house -- And por este camino hasta que veas un
gran casa

Upon (apn) - sobre, encima de

- He threw himself upon the floor -- Se tir al piso
- She sat upon the bench -- Se sent en el banco
- The engineers put their attention upon the new machine -- Los ingenieros pusieron
su atencin en la nueva mquina

With (widz) - con, de

- Will you come with me ? -- Vendrs conmigo?
- She went to the party with all her friends -- Se fue a la fiesta con todos sus amigos
- The girl with green eyes -- La chica de ojos verdes

Within (widn) - dentro de, a menos de

- The show will start within an hour -- El show comenzar dentro de una hora
- There is a gas station within two miles from here -- Hay una estacin de servicio a
menos de dos millas de aqu
- That is not within our reach -- Eso no est dentro de nuestro alcance

Without (widut) - sin

- I want coffee without sugar -- Quiero caf sin azcar
- He crossed the street without paying attention -- Cruz la calle sin poner atencin

Terminaciones
Verbos terminados en...

Ver Sustantivos Ver Adjetivos

ate ize ish ore oy est ess ute ose ede eve ect ase ive ist en fer fy
ine rm ort pt

it

ude end ent ain are ade ume ult ly

Verbo

abominate - (abminit)
accelerate - (akslerit)
accomodate - (acmodit) alojar
accumulate - (akimulit)
activate - (ktivit)
adulterate - (adlterit)
advocate - (dvokit) - abogar por
aggravate - (gravit)
agitate - (yitit)
alienate - (ilienit)
allocate - (lokit) asignar
alternate - (lternit)
amalgamate - (amlgamit)
amputate - (mpiutit)
animate - (nimit)
annihilate - (anielit)
anticipate - (antcipit)
appreciate - (aprsiit)
appropriate - (aprpriit)
articulate - (artkiulit)
assassinate - (assinit)
associate - (asusiit)
calculate - (clkiulit)
celebrate - (clebrit)
circulate - (srkiulit)
commemorate - (commorit)
communicate - (cominikit)
compensate - (cmpensit)
complicate - (cmplikit)
concentrate - (cncentrit)
conciliate - (consliit)
confiscate - (cnfiskit)
conglomerate - (conglmerit)
congratulate - (congrtiulit)
congregate - (cngreguit)

ict ire use

Sustantivo

abomination
acceleration
accomodation
accumulation
activity
adulteration
advocacy
aggravation
agitation
alienation
allocation
alternation
amalgamation
amputation
animation
annihilation
anticipation
appreciation
appropriation
articulation
assassination
association
calculation
celebration
circulation
commemoration
communication
compensation
complication
concentration
conciliation
confiscation
conglomeration
congratulations
congregation

consolidate - (conslidit)
contaminate - (contminit)
contemplate - (cntemplit)
cooperate - (coperit)
coordinate - (cordinit)
correlate - (crrelit)
corroborate - (corrborit)
create - (criit)
culminate - (clminit)
cultivate - (cltivit)
debate - (dibit)
decorate - (dcorit)
dedicate - (ddicate)
deflate - (dflit) - desinflar
degenerate - (deynerit)
delegate - (dleguit)
deliberate - (delberit)
demonstrate - (dmonstrit)
denigrate - (dnigrit)
designate - (dsignit)
deteriorate - (detriorit)
detonate - (dtonit)
devastate - (dvastit)
deviate - (dviit) - desviarse
dictate - (dctit)
differentiate - (difernshiit)
discriminate - (discrminit)
dislocate - (dsloukit)
disseminate - (disminit)
dissipate - (dsipit)
dissociate - (disushiit)
domesticate - (domstikit)
dominate - (dminit)
donate - (dunit)
duplicate - (dplikit)
educate - (dchukit)
elaborate - (elborit)
elevate - (levit)
eliminate - (elminit)

consolidation
contamination
contemplation
cooperation
coordination
coorelation
corroboration
creation
culmination
cultivation
debate
decoration
dedication
deflation
degeneration
delegation
deliberation
demonstration
denigration
designation
deterioration
detonation
devastation
deviation
dictation
differentiation
discrimination
dislocation
dissemination
dissipation
dissociation
domestication
domination
donation
duplication
education
elaboration
elevation
elimination

elongate - (longuit)
elucidate - (elcidit)
emanate - (manit)
emancipate - (imncipit)
emigrate - (migrit)
enunciate - (innciit)
equate - (kuit) - equiparar
eradicate - (errdikit)
escalate - (scalit) - intensificarse
estimate - (stimit)
evacuate - (ivkiuit)
evaluate - (evliuit)
evaporate - ()
exaggerate - ()
exasperate - ()
excavate - ()
execrate - ()
exonerate - ()
exterminate - ()
extortionate - ()
facilitate - ()
fascinate - ()
fluctuate - ()
formulate - ()
frustate - ()
germinate - ()
gesticulate - ()
graduate - ()
hesitate - ()
humiliate - ()
illustrate - ()
imitate - ()
impersonate - ()
implicate - ()
incarnate - ()
incinerate - ()
incorporate - ()
incriminate - ()
indicate - ()

elongation
elucidation
emanation
emancipation
emigration
enunciation
equation
erradication
escalation
estimation
evacuation
evaluation
evaporation
exaggeration
exasperation
excavation
execration
exoneration
extermination
extortion
facilitation
fascination
fluctuation
formulation
frustration
germination
gesticulation
graduation
hesitation
humiliation
illustration
imitation
impersonation
implication
incarnation
incineration
incorporation
incrimination
indication

infiltrate - ()
inflate - ()
initiate - ()
insinuate - ()
instigate - ()
insulate - ()
integrate - ()
intimidate - ()
intoxicate - ()
invalidate - ()
investigate - ()
irrigate - ()
isolate - ()
lacerate
legislate
liberate
liquidate
litigate
locate
lubricate
mitigate
moderate
motivate
mutilate
narrate
navigate
negotiate
nominate
obliterate
originate
oscillate
overestimate
penetrate
perforate
perpetrate
perpetuate
placate
postulate
precipitate

infiltration
inflation
initiation
insinuation
instigation
insulation
integration
intimidation
intoxication
invalidation
investigation
irrigation
isolation
laceration
legislation
liberation
liquidation
litigation
location
lubrication
mitigation
moderation
motivation
mutilation
narration
navigation
negotiation
nomination
obliteration
origination
oscillation
overestimation
penetration
perforation
perpetration
perpetuity
placation
postulation
precipitation

predominate
procrastinate
radiate
refrigerate
rehabilitate
regenerate
regulate
relate
repudiate
retaliate
resuscitate
reverberate
rotate
saturate
segregate
separate
speculate
stimulate
stipulate
suffocate
tabulate
tolerate
translate
underestimate
urinate
vegetate
venerate
ventilate
vibrate
vindicate

predominance
procrastination
radiation
refrigeration
rehabilitation
regeneration
regulation
relation
repudiation
retaliation
resuscitation
reverberation
rotation
saturation
degregation
separation
speculation
stimulation
stipulation
suffocation
tabulation
toleration
translation
underestimation
urination
vegetation
veneration
ventilation
vibration
vindication

Pronunciacin

PGINA 1 PGINA 2

PGINA 3

PGINA 4

PGINA 5

PGINA 6

PGINA 7

PGINA 8

all (ol) todos - ball (bol) pelota - call (col) llamada - fall (fol) cada - hall (jol)
sala - mall (mol) centro comercial - tall(tol) alto - wall (uol) pared small (smol) pequeo - stall (stol) puesto de mercado - recall (ricol) recordar squall(skuol) rfaga - pitfall (ptfool) riesgo
jaw (yo) mandbula - law (lo) ley - paw (po) pata - raw (ro) crudo - saw (so)
sierra - claw (clo) garra - draw(dro) empate - flaw (flo) defecto - gnaw (no)
roer - thaw (zo) deshielo - straw (stro) pajita - bawl (bol) chillar dawn (don) amanecer - hawk (jok) halcn - lawn (lon) csped - pawn (pon)
empear - yawn (ion) bostezo - brawl (brol) pelea - brawn (bron) fuerza
muscular - crawl (crol) gatear - drawl (drol) habla lenta y aburrida - shawl(shol)
chal

clause (clos) clusula, oracin - cause (cos) cause - gauze (gos) gasa sauce (sos) salsa - pause (pos) pausa, interrupcin - fauna (fona) fauna sauna (sona) sauna - launch (lonch) lanzar, lanzamiento - paunch (ponch)
panza, barriga - haunch (jonch) cadera, anca - fraud (frod) fraude - daub (dob)
embardunar - fault (folt) culpa, defecto - vault (volt) bveda, cripta - haul (jol) tirar,
transportar - flaunt (flont) ostentar, lucir - haunt (jont) guarida - gaunt(gont)
demacrado, flaco - jaunt (yont) excursin
dine (din) cenar - fine (fin) bien, lindo, multa - line (lin) lnea, cola - mine (min)
mina - nine (nin) nueve - pine (pin) pino - wine (uin) vino - brine (brin)
salmuera - shine (shin) brillo, lustre - hide (jid) esconder - ride (rid) paseo side (sid) lado - tide (tid) marea - wide (wuid) ancho - bride (brid) novia guide (gid) gua - pride (prid) orgullo - knife (nif) cuchillo - life (lif) vida wife (wif) esposa - bike (bik) bici - dike (dik) dique - hike (jik) caminata like(lik) gustar - mike (mik) micr(fono - pike (pik) pica - bile (bil) bilis file (fil) archivo, lima - mile (mil) milla - pile (pil) montn - tile (til) azulejo vile (vil) vil - dice (dis) dados - lice (lis) piojos - mice (mis) ratones nice (nis) agradable, amable - rice (ris) arroz - vice (vis) vicio - price (pris)
precio - slice (slis) tajada, rebanada, rodaja - spice (spis) especia - dime (dim)
moneda de diez centavos - lime (lim) lima - time (tim) tiempo, vez, poca chime (chim) campanada - crime (crim) delito - prime (prim) primero, principal pipe (pip) tubo, cao, pipa - ripe (rip) maduro - wipe (wuip) limpiar -

stripe (strip) raya - dire (dir) horrible - fire (fir) fuego, incendio - hire (jir)
contratar - mire (mir) fango, lodo - tire (tir) cansarse - wire (wir) alambre, cable bite (bit) morder - kite (kit) cometa - rite (rit) rito - site(sit) sitio - trite (trit)
trivial - write (rit) escribir - dive (div) sumergirse, bucear - five (fiv) cinco hive (jiv) colmena - alive (aliv) vivo - drive (driv) conducir
face (fis) cara - lace (lis) encaje, cordn - mace (mis) maza - pace (pis) paso,
ritmo - race (ris) carrera, raza - grace (gris) gracia - place (plis) lugar space (spis) espacio - trace (tris) rastro - fade (fid) desteirse - grade(grid)
grado, curso - shade (shid) sombra - spade (spid) pala - trade (trid)
comercio,oficio - safe (sif) seguro, caja fuerte - chafe (chif) rozar, irritar cage (kidch) jaula - page (pidch) pgina - rage (ridch) rabia, furia sage (sidch) salvia - wage (widch) salario - stage (stidch) etapa, escena bake (bik) hornear - cake (kik) torta - fake (fik) falso - hake (jik) merluza lake (lik) lago - make (mik) hacer - rake (rik) rastrillo - take (tik) tomar, llevar wake (wik) despertar - brake (brik) freno - flake (flik) copo, escama quake (kuik) terremoto - shake (shik) sacudir - snake(snik) serpiente stake (stik) estaca, apuesta - dale (dil) valle - gale (guil) vendaval - male (mil)
masculino, varn - female (fimil) femenino, hembra - pale (pil) plido - sale (sil)
venta - tale (til) cuento - scale (skil) escala, escama - stale (stil) rancio, pasado whale (uil) ballena - fame (fim) fama - game (guim) juego - lame (lim)
rengo - name(nim) nombre - same (sim) mismo - tame (tim) manso flame (flim) llama - frame (frim) marco - shame (shim) verguenza, lstima cane (kin) caa - lane (lin) callejn, carril - mane (min) crin, melena pane (pin) cristal - wane(win) menguar - crane (krin) gra - inane (inin)
necio - plane (plin) avin, plano - cape (kip) capa - gape (guip) mirar
boquiabierto - rape (rip) violacin - tape (tip) cinta - drape (drip) cubrir grape (grip) uva - shape (ship) forma- escape (eskip) fuga - base (bis)
base - case (kis) caso, estuche - vase (vis) florero - chase (chis) persecusin erase (iris) borrar - phase (fis) fase - phrase (fris) frase - date (dit) fecha,
cita - fate (fit) destino - gate (guit) puerta - hate (jit) odiar - late (lit) tarde,
atrasado - mate (mit) compaero - rate (rit) razn, porcentaje, tarifa - crate(krit)
cajn - grate (grit) rallar - plate (plit) plato, placa - skate (skit) patn slate (slit) pizarra - state (stit) estado , declarar - estate (estit) propiedad, finca create (kriit) crear - cave (kiv) cueva, caverna - nave (niv) nave - pave(piv)
pavimentar - rave (riv) ponerse furioso - save (siv) salvar, ahorrar, guardar wave (wiv) ola, onda - daze (dis) aturdir - gaze (guis) mirada fija - haze (jis)

- laze (lis) holgazanear - maze (mis) laberinto - raze (ris) arrazar craze (kris) mana
neblina

To Do / To Make
Los verbos to do y to make significan "hacer" pero se utilizan en forma
diferente. Aqu hay algunos ejemplos:
Mrs. Jones is a housewife
La seora Jones es una ama de casa

She has to do the housework

She has to make the beds

Ella tiene que hacer el trabajo de la casa

Ella tiene que hacer las camas

She has to do the cooking

She has to make breakfast

Ella tiene que cocinar

Ella tiene que hacer el desayuno

She has to do the washing up

She has to make lunch

Ella tiene que fregar los platos

Ella tiene que hacer el almuerzo

She has to do the washing/the laundry She has to make dinner

Ella tiene que lavar la ropa sucia

Ella tiene que hacer la cena

She has to do the shopping

She has to make coffee/tea

Ella tiene que hacer las compras

Ella tiene que hacer caf/t

She has to do the ironing

She has to make a cake

Ella tiene que planchar la ropa

Ella tiene que hacer un torta

She has to do the dusting

She has to make sure that the house is

in order

Ella tiene que quitar el polvo a las cosas

Ella tiene que asegurarse que la casa est en

orden

Mr. Jones is a businessman

El seor Jones es un empresario

He is doing business with important

companies
l est haciendo negocios con firmas
importantes

He would like to make a long

trip/journey
Le gustara hacer un largo viaje

He is doing well in his job

His employees make fun of him

Va bien en su trabajo

Sus empleados se burlan de l

He does his best to improve his

company

He has to make a speech for a meeting

Hace lo mejor que puede para mejorar su

empresa

Tiene que hacer un discurso para una

reunin

He has to make decisions every day

Tiene que tomar desiciones todos los das

He is making a lot of money

His secretary makes appointments for

Est haciendo un montn de dinero

him

He is making a fortune

She also makes telephone calls and

reservations

Est haciendo una fortuna

He doesn't like to make mistakes

No le gusta equivocarse

Sometimes he makes a fuss when

something goes wrong

Su secretaria arregla citas para l

Tambin hace llamadas telefnicas y

reservas

He says that his employees make

trouble
l dice que sus empleados causan
problemas

He also says that women make a lot of

noise

Algunas veces arma un lo cuando algo sale Tambin dice que las mujeres hacen mucho
mal
ruido

He rarely makes jokes

He often makes a fool of himself

Casi nunca hace chistes

A menudo se pone en ridculo

He doesn't have much time to make

friends
No tiene mucho tiempo para hacer amigos

He is making an effort to increase sales

He makes use of his authority to

threaten people
Utiliza su autoridad para amenazar a las
personas

Some of his decisions don't make sense

Est haciendo un esfuerzo para aumentar las

Algunas de sus decisiones no tienen sentido
ventas

Otros Ejemplos
John is doing badly at school (he is not doing well) - John no va bien en la escuela
He doesn't like to do his homework - No le gusta hacer su tarea
The hurricane did a lot of damage in the area - El huracn caus mucho dao en la
zona

The policeman was doing his duty when he arrested the thief - El polica estaba
cumpliendo con su deber cuando arrest al ladrn

Mary did her hair and her face and left for the party - Mary se pein, se maquill y
sali para la fiesta

"Can you do me a favor ?"- Me pods hacer un favor?

"I want to make a complaint about the service in this hotel" - Quiero presentar
una queja sobre el servicio en este hotel

The man and the woman were making love in the back seat of their car - El
hombre y la mujer estaban haciendo el amor en el asiento trasero de su auto

Johnny made a mess in his room - Johnny hizo un desorden en su cuarto

Bill made his way to the university - Bill se dirigi a la universidad
Jane made an excuse and left - Jane se disculp y se march
"What are you doing here?" - Qu ests haciendo aqu?

Situaciones

Common Expressions
At the Airport
At the Hotel
At the Restaurant
Traveling by Bus (Train)
Public Transportation
Shopping
At the Post Office
Speaking on the telephone
At the Doctors
At the Drugstore
At the Bank
Movies - Theater - Concerts

Expresiones comunes
En el aeropuerto
En el Hotel
En el Restaurante
Viajando en Tren
Transporte Pblico
De compras
En el correo
Hablando por telfono
En el consultorio del doctor
En la farmacia
En el banco
Cine y Teatro