Chapter 2.

Present Time 2
2.1 Pendahuluan
A. Deskripsi singkat: Pokok Bahasan ini memberikan pengetahuan tata Bahasa Inggris
dalam membuat kalimat present tense
B. Relevansi: Pokok bahasan ini merupakan bagian terakhir dari dua materi cara membuat
kalimat present tense.
C. Kompetensi
C.1. Standar Kompetensi: Mampu membuat kalimat present tense dengan benar.
C.2. Kompetensi Dasar: Setelah menyelesaikan pokok bahasan ini mahasiswa mampu
membuat kalimat present tenses secara benar dengan memperhatikan:
1. Penggunaan final s.
2. Penggunaan Spelling of Final s/-es.
3. Penggunaan Non-action Verbs.
4. Penggunaan Present Verbs dalam short answers to yes/no questions.
D. Petunjuk Belajar: bacalah tiap kalimat dengan teliti, telaah, dan tulis kembali materi
dengan ringkas dalam tabel atau resume. Kerjakan semua latihan soal, verifikasi jawaban
Anda dengan jawaban yang disertakan pada setiap akhir bab.

2.2.Penyajian
2.2.1 Uraian
FINAL -S
a. SINGULAR = one, not two or more. Example: one bird.
b. PLURAL = two, three, or more. Example: two birds, three birds, many birds, all
birds, etc.
c. A plural noun ends in s. Example: Birds sing.
d. A singular verb ends in s. Example: A bird sings.
e. A singular verb follows a singular subject. Add s to the simple present verb if the
subject is 1. A singular noun (e.g., a bird, Ann, Tom) or 2. He, she, or it.

16

Example:
1. A bird

sings outside my window

2. It

sings loudly.

3. Ann

sings beautifully

*He, she, and it are third person singular personal pronouns.

EXERCISE 1. Using final -s.

Directions: Look at each word that ends in s. Is it a noun or a verb? Is it singular or plural?
1. Ali lives in an apartment. lives = a singular verb
2. Plants grow. plants= a plural noun
3. Ann listens to the radio in the morning.
4. The students at this school work hard.
5. A doctor helps sick people.
6. Planets revolve around the sun.
7. A dictionary lists words in alphabetical order.
8. Mr. Lee likes to go to Forest Park in the spring. He takes the bus. He sits on a bench
near a pond and feeds the birds. Ducks swim toward him for food, and pigeons land
all around him.

EXERCISE 2. Preview: spelling of final S/-ES.

Directions: Add final s / -es
1. Talk ______

9.

2. Wish ______

10. Blow ______

3. Hope ______

11. Study ______

4. Reach ______

12. Busy ______

5. Move ______

13. Enjoy ______

6. Kiss ______

14. Fly ______

7. Push ______

15. Carry ____

8. Wait ______

17

Mix ______

2.2.2 Uraian
SPELLING OF FINAL S/ES
a. INCORRECT: visites, speakes. CORRECT: visit

visits, speak

b. Many verbs end in e. final s is simply added: ride

rides, write

speaks
writes

c. Final es is added to words that end in ch, -sh, -s, -x, and z. If a word ends in a
vowel + -y, simply add s. Example: fly

flies, pay

pays

d. The singular forms of the verbs go, do, and have are irregular. go
does /dz/ , have

goes /gowz/, do

has /hz/

**Vowels = a, e, I, o, u. Consonants = all other letters in the alphabet.

EXERCISE 3. Simple present verbs : using final -S/ -ES .
Directions: Underline the verb in each sentence. Add final s/ -es to the verb if necessary.
Do not change any other words.
1. A dog bark barks
2. Dogs bark (no change)
3. Wood float on water.
4. Rivers flow toward the sea.
5. My mother worry about me.
6. A student buy a lot of books at the beginning of each term.
7. Airplanes fly all around the world.
8. Mr. Wong teach Chinese at the university.
9. The teacher ask us a lot of questions in class every day.
10. Mr. Cook watch game shows on TV every morning.
11. Music consist of pleasant sounds.
12. Cats usually sleep eighteen hours a day.
13. The front page of a newspaper contain the most important news of the day.
14. Water freeze at 32 F (0C) and boil at 212F (100C).
15. Mrs. Taylor never cross the street in the middle of a block. She always walk to the
corner and use the pedestrian walk away.
16. Many parts of the world enjoy four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter.
Each season last three months and bring changes in the weather.

18

EXERCISE 4.The simple present and the present progressive.

Directions : Create three sentences about the activity shown in each picture. Work in pairs, in
groups, or as aclass.
Sentence 1 :Activity in progress : Describe what the person in the picture doing.
Sentence 2 :Usual frequency : Describe how often this person probably does this activity.
Sentence 3 :Generalization : Make a general statement or two about this activity.
Example :

Sentence 1 :The man in the picture is swimming.

Sentence 2 :It looks like hes near a tropical island. If hes on vacation there, he probably
swims every day. If he lives there all the time, he probably swims once or twice a week.
Sentence 3 :People swim for enjoyment and exercise. Swimming in the ocean is fun.

19

1.

5.

6.
2.

7.
3.

8.
4.

20

11.

9.

10.
12.

21

2.2.3

Uraian
1. NON-ACTION VERB
a. Some verbs are not used in progressive tenses. These verbs are called non-action
verb. They express a situation that exists, not an action in progress.
Example:
1. I know Ms. Chen INCORRECT: I am knowing Ms. Chen.
2. I'm hungry. I want a sandwich. INCORRECT: I am wanting a sandwich.
3. This book belongs to Mikhail. INCORRECT: This book is belonging to Mikhail.
b. Non-Action Verbs
believe

hear
see
sound

c.

own

think

be

have

understand

exist

possess

know

belong

need

like

want

love

prefer

hate

forget
remember

Think and have can be used in the progressive.

In (d): When think means believe, it is non progressive.
In (e): When think expresses thoughts that are going through a person's mind,
it can be progressive.
In (f): When have means own or expresses possession, it is not used in the
progressive.
In (g):In expressions where have does not mean own (e.g., have a good
rime, have a bad rime, have trouble, have a problem, have company, have an
operation), have can be used in the progressive.

22

2. Present verbs : short answers to yes/no question

QUESTIONS WITH

QUESTION

SHORT ANSWER

LONG ANSWER

Does Bob like tea?

Yes, he does.

Yes, he likes tea.

No, he doesnt.

No, he doesnt like tea.

Yes, I do.

Yes, I like tea.

No, I dont.

No, I dont like tea.

Yes, I am.*

Yes, I am (Im) studying.

No, Im not.

No, Im not studying.

Yes, she is.*

Yes, she is (shes) a

No, shes not. OR

student.

No, she isnt.

No, shes not a student.

DO/DOES
Do you like tea?

QUESTIONS WITH BE

Are you studying?

Is Yoko a student?

OR
No, she isnt a student.
Are they studying?

Yes, they are.*

Yes, they are (theyre)

No, theyre not. OR

studying.

No, they arent.

No, theyre not studying.

OR
No, they arent studying.

*Am, is, and are not contracted with pronouns in short answer.
INCORRECT SHORT ANSWERS: Yes, Im. Yes, shes. Yes, theyre.

EXERCISE 5. Short answer to yes/no questions.

Directions: Answer the questions with books closed. Give both a short and a longer answer.
Work in pairs or as a class.

Example:

Is Texas south of the Equator?

No, it isnt. Texas isnt south of the equator. OR I dont know.

1. Do you wear a wristwatch every day?

2. Is ( . . . ) sitting next to ( . . . ) today?
3. Does ( . . . ) usually sit in the same place every day?
23

4. Are ( . . . ) and ( . . . ) standing up?

5. Are you interested in politics?
6.Is Toronto in western Canada?
(Switch roles if working in pairs.)
7. Do whales lay eggs?
8. Does your country have bears in the wild?
9. Are dogs intelligent?
10. Is ( . . . ) from Combodia?
11. Is the earth turning on in axis and rotating around the sun at the same time?
12. Do all mosquitoes carry malaria?

EXERCISE 6. Review: present verbs.

Directions: Complete the sentences by using the words in parentheses. Use the simple
present or the present progressive. Supply the short answer to a question if
necessary.
1. A: My sister (have) _____________________ a new car. She bought it last month.
B: (You, have) _____________________ a car?
A: No, I_____________________ . Do you?
B: No, but I have a ten-speed bike.
2. A: Where are the children?
B: In the living room.
A: What are they doing? (they, watch)
______________________________________TV?
B: No, they_____________________ . They (play) _____________________ a
game.
3. A: Shhh. I (hear) _____________________ a noise. (you, hear)
_________________ it, too?
B: Yes, I_____________________ . I wonder what it is.
4. A: Johnny, (you, listen)

_____________________ to me?

B: Of course I am, Mom. You (want) _____________________ me to take out the

garbage. Right?
A: Right! And right now!
24

*The symbol ( . . . ) means supply the name of the person.

5. A: Knock, knock! Anybody home? Hey, Bill! Hi! Its me. Im here with Tom. Where
are you?
B: I (be) _____________________ in the bedroom.
A: What (you, do) _____________________ ?
B: I (try) _____________________ to sleep!
A: Oh. Sorry. I wont bother you.Tom, shhh. Bill (rest) _____________________
6. A: What (you, think) _____________________ about at right before you fall sleep?
B: I (think) _____________________ about all of the pleasant things that happened
during the day. I (think, not) _____________________ about my problems.
7. A: A penny for your thoughts.
B: Huh?
A: What (ypu, think) _____________________ about right now?
B: I (think) _____________________ about English grammar. I (think, not)
_____________________ about anything else right now.
A: I (believe, not) _____________________ you!
8. A: (you, see) _____________________ that man over there?
B: Which man? The man in the brown jacket?
A: No, I (talk) _____________________ about the man who (wear) ______________
_____________________ the blue shirt.
9. A: (you, know) _____________________ any tongue-twisters?
B: Yes, I _____________________ . Heres one : She sells seashells down down by
the seashore.
A: That (be) _____________________ hard to say! Can you say this : Sharon wears
Sues shoes to zoos to look at cheap sheep?
B: That (make, not) _____________________ any sense.
A: I (know) _____________________ .

25

2.3 Penutup
2.3.1 Rangkuman
A. FINAL S
SINGULAR

one, not two or more

PLURAL

two, three, or more

2. A singular verb follows a singular subject. Add s to the simple present

verb if the subject is A singular noun (e.g., a bird, Ann, Tom) or He, she, or
it.
B. Spelling of Final s/-es
1. Final s, not es, is added to most verbs. INCORRECT: visites, speakes.
Many verbs end in e. final s is simply added.
2. PRONUNCIATION NOTE: Final es is pronounced /and adds a syllable.*
3. If a word ends in consonant + -y, change the y to i and add es.
(INCORRECT: flys) If a word ends in a vowel + -y, simply add s.
(INCORRECT: paies or payes)
4. The singular forms of the verbs go, do, and have are irregular
C. Non-action Verbs
1. Some verbs are not used in progressive tenses. non action verb. The
express a situation that exists, not an action in progress.
2. Think and have can be used in the progressive. In : When think means
believe, it is non progressive.
3. In (g):In expressions where have does not mean own (e.g., have a good
rime, have a bad rime, have trouble, have a problem, have company, have an
operation), have can be used in the progressive.
D. Present Verbs: short answers to yes/no questions
1. Are they studying? No, they arent. ; Yes, they are (theyre) studying.

26

2. Are you studying? No, Im not. ; no im not studying

3. Does Bob like tea? Yes, he does ; Yes, he likes tea
4. do you like a tea ? yes I do , yes I like a tea.

2.3.2 TES FORMATIF

A.Short answer to yes/no questions.
Directions: Complete the following dialogues by using the words in parentheses. Also give
short answer to the questions as necessary. Use the simple present or the present
progressive.
1. A: (Mary, have)
B: Yes,

a bicycle?
.She (have)

a ten-speed

bike.
2. A: (it, rain)
B: No,

right now?
.At least, I (think, not)

so.

3. A: (your friends, write)

B: Yes,

a lot of e-mails?
. I (get)

lots of e-mails all

the time.
4. A: (the students, take)
B: No,

a test in class right now?

. They (do)

an exercise.

5. A: (the weather, affect*)

B: Yes,

your mood?
. I (get)

grumpy when its

rainy.
6. A: ( Jean, study)

at the library this evening?

B: No, _____________________ . She (be) __________________ at the recreation

center.
She (play) _____________________ pool with her friend.
A: (Jean, play) _____________________ pool every morning?
B: No,_____________________ . She usually (study) _____________ at the library.
A: (She, be) _____________________ a good player?

27

B: Yes,____________________. She
(play) _______________ pool a lot.
A: (You, play)________________ pool?
B: Yes, _____________________ . But I
(be, not)_______________ very good.

*The word affect is a verb: The weather

affect my mood.
The word effect is a noun: Warm, sunny weather has a good effect on my mood.

B. Error analysis: present verbs.

Directions: Correct the errors in verb tense usage.
(1) My friend Omar owns his own car now. Its brand new.* Today he driving to a
small town north of the city to visit his aunt. He love to listen to music, so the CD player is
play one of his favorite CDs - loudly. Omar is very happy: he is drive his own car and listen
to loud music. Hes look forward to his visit with his aunt.

(2) Omar is visiting his aunt once a week. Shes elderly and live alone. She is
thinking Omar a wonderful nephew. She love his visits. He try to be helpful and considerate
in every way. His aunt dont hearing well, so Omar is speaks loudly and clearly when hes
with her.

28

(3) When hes there, he fix things for her around her apartment and help her with her
shopping. He isnt staying for a few hours and then is heading back to the city. He kiss his
aunt good-bye and give her a hug before he is leaving. Omar is a very good nephew.

C. Progressive verbs vs. Non-action verbs.

Directions: Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use the simple present or
the present progressive.
1. Right now I (look) _____________________ at the board. I (see)
_____________________ some words on the board.
2. A: (you, need) _____________________ some help, Mrs. Brown?
B: (you, want) _____________________ me to carry that box for you?
3. A: Who is that man? I (think) _____________________ that I (know)
_____________________ him, but I (forget) _____________________ his name.
B: Thats Mr. Martinez.
A: Thats right! I (remember) _____________________ him now.

29

4. A: (you, believe) _____________________ in flying saucers?

B: What (you, talk) _____________________ about?
A: You know, spaceships from outer space with alien creatures abroad.
B: In my opinion, flying saucers (exist) _____________________ only in peoples
imaginations.

5. Right now the children (be) _____________________ at the beach. They (have)
_____________________ a good time. They (like) _____________________ to play
catch.

Their

parents

(sunbath)

_____________________.

They

(try)

_____________________ to get a tan. They (listen) _____________________ to

music on a radio. They also (hear) _____________________ the sound of seagulls
and the sound of waves.
6. A: What (you, think) _____________________ about right now ?
B: I (think) _____________________ about seagulls and waves.
A: (you, like) _____________________ seagulls ?
B: Yes. I (think) _____________________ seagulls are interesting birds.

30

7. A: Which color (you, prefer) _____________________ , red or blue ?

B: I (like) _____________________ blue better than red. Why ?
A: I (read) _____________________ a magazine article right now. According to the
article,

people

who

(prefer)

_____________________

blue

to

red

(be)

_____________________ cam and (value) _____________________ honesty and

loyalty in their friends. A preference for red (mean) _____________________ that a
person

(be)

_____________________

aggressive

and

(love)

_____________________ excitement.
B: Oh / That (sound) _____________________ like a bunch nonsense to me.
8. A: Does the earth turn around and around?
B: Yes, Jimmy. The earth (spin) ________________________ around and around on
its axis as it circles the sun. The earth (spin) __________________________
rapidly at this very moment.
B: Really? I cant feel it moving. (you, try) ________________________ to fool me?
A: Of course not! (you, think, really,) _________________________________ that
the earth isnt moving?
B: I guess so. Yes. I cant see it move. Yes. It isnt moving.
A: (you, believe) ___________________________ only those things that you can see?
Look at the trees out the window. All of them (grow) _______________ at this
very moment, but you cant see the growth. They (get) _______________ bigger
and bigger with every second that passes. You cant see the trees grow, and you
cant feel the earth spin, but both events (take) ______________ place at this
moment while you and I (speak) _____________________
B: Really? How do you know?

2.3.3 Umpan balik

Score = Jumlah jawaban benar x 100/17.
2.3.4 Tindak lanjut
Jika score anda kurang dari 80 maka ulangi lagi memahami rangkuman, kerjakan semua
latihan, dan test formatif.
2.3.5 Kunci jawaban tes formatif.
31

A.Short answer to yes/no questions.

1. Does mary have, she does, has
2. Is it raining, it isnt, dont think
3. Do your friends write, they do, get
4. Are the students taking, they arent, are doing
5. Does the weather affect, it does, get
6. Is Jean studying, she isnt, is, is playing, Does Jean play, she doesnt, studies, Is she,
she is, plays, Do you play, I do, am not

B. Error analysis: present verbs.

(1) My friend Omar owns his own car now. Its brand new.* Today he is driving to
a small town north of the city to visit his aunt. He loves to listen to music, so the CD player is
playing one of his favorite CDs - loudly. Omar is very happy: he is driving his own car and
listening to loud music. Hes looking forward to his visit with his aunt.
(2) Omar visits his aunt once a week. Shes elderly and lives alone. She thinks
Omar a wonderful nephew. She loves his visits. He tries to be helpful and considerate in
every way. His aunt doesnt hear well, so Omar is speaks loudly and clearly when hes with
her.
(3) When hes there, he fixes things for her around her apartment and help her with
her shopping. He doesnt stay for a few hours and then is heading back to the city. He kisses
his aunt good-bye and gives her a hug before he leaves. Omar is a very good nephew.
C. Progressive verbs vs. Non-action verbs.
1. am looking, see
2. Do you need, Do you want
3. think, know, forget, remember
4. Do you believe, are you talking, exist
5. are, are having, have, are playing, like, are sunbathing, are trying, are
listening, hear
32

6. are you thinking, am thinking, Do you like, think

7. do you prefer, like, am reading, prefer, are, value, means, is, loves, sounds
8. spins, is spinning, Are you trying, Do you really think, Do you believe, are
growing, are getting, are taking, are speaking
2.4 Referensi
Betty Schrampfer Azar, Fundamentals of English Grammar 3rd Edition, Longman, 2003. Chapter
1. Unit 1.4 1.7. Page 12-19.

33