1.

What
a.
b.
c.

type of Molecule is Water?

Polar Molecule with Polar Covalent Bonds
Water is made up of one oxygen atoms and two hydrogen atoms
Oxygen is slightly more electronegative and so has a partial negative
charge.
d. Hydrogen is less electronegative and so has a partial positive charge.
2. Why is Water called a universal solvent?
a. Water is a polar molecule and most substances are polar, and therefore
like dissolves like.
3. Substances dissolved in water are called...
a. Aqueous solutions
4. What type of bonding does water have?
a. Hydrogen bonding. The positive H atom attract the negative O atom.
This gives water its various properties such as high heat of
vaporization, high specific heat, adhesion and cohesion.
5. What molecules do Hydrogen bonding happen with?
a. H F O N
6. What is cohesion?
a. Cohesion is when molecules of the same type are attracted to each
other.
7. What can cohesion used to explain?
a. Why water forms into droplets
b. Why insects can run across water
c. Why water can travel up in columns in plants
d. High heat of vaporization, high specific heat capacity
8. What is adhesion?
a. Attraction between unlike molecules
b. E.g. adhesion of water to the vascular tissues
9. What are waters thermal properties?
a. Water has a High Specific Heat capacity and so it acts as a
temperature stabilizer. This is why perspiration occurs. Water forms
into droplets on your skin and therefore it vaporizes using the excess
heat.
10.What are common aqueous solutions in the body?
a. Cytoplasm
b. Nucleoplasm
c. Stroma
d. Blood Plasma
11.What type of tissue transports water in plants?
a. Xylem
12.What are miscible liquids?
a. Liquids that dissolve in each other to form homogenous solutions.
b. Ethanol and Water
13.What are immiscible liquids?
a. Liquids that dont dissolve in each other.
b. Oil and Water
14.What does hydrophilic mean?
a. It means it has polar molecules and therefore dissolve in polar
solvents?

15.Hydrophobic means?
a. Hydrophobic means that it is non polar and so cannot dissolve in polar
solvents.
16.What is organic chemistry?
a. Study of things that are living/ non living
b. Study of compounds involving carbon
17.What are saturated compounds?
a. Single bonded Carbons
b. Dont react with H
18.What are unsaturated compounds?
a. Double/Triple Bonded Carbons
b. React with Hydrogen
19.What is the hydroxyl functional group?
a. OH at the end and is usually found in carbs
20.What is the carbonyl functional group?
a. C=O (Carbon, double bonded O at the end) found in lipids
21.What is the carboxyl function group?
a. C=O-OH found in proteins
22.What is the amino functional group?
a. N-H-H at the end found in proteins
23.What is a phosphate group?
a. P surrounded with Os and found in ATP
24.How are organic macromolecules formed?
a. Tiny subunits
25.What is an anabolic reaction?
a. Involves making big units out of small subunits and consumes energy
in the process
26.What is a catabolic reaction?
a. Catabolic Reactions involve breaking big units down into their smaller
units and releases energy in the process.
27.Carbohydrates are used for?
a. Energy
b. Building materials
c. Cell identification
d. Cell communication
28.In what ratios do Carbohydrates for?
a. (CH2O)n (1:2:1)
29.Carbohydrates are classified in what three groups?
a. Monosacharradies
b. Oligosaccharides
c. Polysaccharides
30.When subunits go together, it is a _______ reaction?
a. Condensation
31.When subunits separate it is a ________ reaction.
a. Hydrolytic Reaction
32.Can you draw glyceraldehydes?

a.
33.Can you draw Ribose?
a.
34.