Ericsson Parameters Summary

Parameter

Description

Range

BSPWRB

Base Station output power

0 -> 63 dbm

Ericsson
Dafault
Value

SingTel
Recommended
Value

45

45 dBm

Remarks
Note that RBS2301 and 2302 only can supports till 33dbm

900: 31
GSM 1800:
33toto47dbm
45dbmInInodd
odd
values only
BSPWRT

Base Station output power for the non-BCCH RF

channel numbers

0 -> 63 dbm

45

Note that RBS2301 and 2302 only can supports till 33dbm

GSM 900: 31 to 47dbm In odd

values only
GSM 1800: 33 to 45dbm In odd
values only
CGI

BSIC

BCCHNO
BCCHTYPE

Cell Global Identity (conisists of MCC-MNC-LACCI)

MCC - Mobile Country Code

MCC : 3 digits

MNC - Mobile Network Code

MNC : 2 or 3 digits depending

Mncdigithand)

Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

LAC - Location Area Code

LAC: 1 to 65535

CI - Cell Identity

CI : 0 to 65535

NCC - Network Coloue Code

NCC: 0 to 7

BCC - Base station colour code

BCC: 0 to 7

0 to 7

Absolute RF channel number for BCCH

1 to 124( GSM900)

512 to 885 (GSM1800)

NCOMB

NCOMB

Base Station Identity Code (consists of NCCBCC)

In Singtel GSM900, we are only allow to use 1, 4 and 6 for NCC
BSIC = NCC BCC eg NCC=4 , BSIC will ranges from 40 to 47
Bcch - Broadcast Control Channel

Type of BCCH
1) COMB - indicates that the cell has a combined
BCCH
and SDCCH/4
2) COMBC
- indicates that the cell has a

COMB, COMBC, NCOMB

The BCCH is always allocated to time slot number 0 in the defined ARFCN

combined BCCH and SDCCH/4 with CBCH

subchannel

ARFCN - Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number

3) NCOMB - indicates that the cell does not have

any type of combines BCCH and SDCCH/4

CBCH - is used for transmission of messages when the function

Short Messages Service Cell Broadcast (SMSCB) is activate in the cell
CBCH - Cell Broadcast Channel
Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

AGBLK

Number of reserved access granted blocks

0 to 7 if non-combined Bcch is
used

1 AGBLK

Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

5 CCCH

Parameter is only allowed to be change in cell state HALTED

0 to 2 if combined Bcch and

SDCCH/4 is used

MFRMS

Multiframes Period - defined period of

transmission for PAGING REQUEST messages to
2 to 9 CCCH multiframes
the
same paging subgroups

FNOFFSET

Frame Number Offset - Indicates the time

difference from the FN generator in the BTS

0 to 1325 TDMA Frames

ECSC

Early Classmark Sending Control - indicates if an

MS in the cell is allowed to use

No - Early sending is not allowed

early classmark Sending.

Yes - Early sending is allowed

0 TDMA Frame

Yes

YES

To prevent that all cells on a site send BCCH channels at the same time it is possible
to define a deviation with respect to the FN generator called FNOFFSET. By using
FNOFFSET on a synchronised two or three sector site the time for decoding BSIC
can be reduced. RBS2000 and 200 only support the range 0 to 1023.

The parameter ECSC has to be set to YES in order to allow the MS to send the
MS mutliband and/or multislot capability.

TSC

Training Sequence Code

0 to 7

Same as BCC

1,4,7

MSTXPWR

Maximum transmit power for MS on connnection

13 to 43 dbm (GSM900) odd

values only

33

33 dBm

4 to 30 dbm (GSM1800) odd

values only

30

30 dBm

ACTIVE

TCH

TCH

STATE

Cell or Channel Group state

ACTIVE, HALTED

HOP

Frequency hopping status

ON, OFF, TCH

ON: The hopping status for the channel group is

hopping for TCH and SDCCH

The cell or channel group is active or halted

SDCCHs as well as TCHs can hop.
A bcch will not hop even if it belongs to a channel group defined as hopping

OFF: The hopping status for the channel group is

non hopping
TCH: The hopping status fpr the channel group is
hopping for TCH only
HSN

Hopping Sequence Number

0 to 63

HSN=0 : cyclic hopping sequences

system

1 to 63

defined

HSN=1 to 63 : pseudo random sequences

The number of required basic physical channels
NUMREQBPC (BPCs) in a channel group

8 to 128 in steps of 8, SYSDEF

DCHNO

Absolute RF channel number

1 to 124( GSM900)

Related to BCCH plan

512 to 885 (GSM1800)

SDCCH

Required number of SDCCH/8

TN

SYSDEF

16 to 96 range

SYSDEF: system defined limit [ 1 TRX = 8]

32 ARFCN

0 to 16

1 sdcch

Timeslot number where the SDCCH/8 will be

located.

0 to 3 (normal cell). 0, 2
(extended range cell).

1st TimeSlot

CBCH

Cell Broadcast Channel

Yes, No

No

NO

SCHO

SDCCH handover switch

ON, OFF

OFF

OFF

ON - handovers on SDCCH are allowed; OFF - handovers on SDCCH are not allowed

DTXD

Discontinuous Transmission Downlink

ON, OFF

OFF

OFF

Note: ON: DTX DL is enabled for the cell; OFF: DTX DL is disabled for the cell

DTXU

Uplink DTX indicator

0 to 2

GSM900: max 31 DCHNO, GSM1800: max 31 DCHNO, GSM1900: max 31 DCHNO

Refer to notes for different types of configurations

TN is only valid for CCHPOS = TN and must be equal for all channel groups in a cell.

Uplink discontinuous transmission means that the MS does not

0: The MSs may use uplink discontinuous

transmission

transmit continuously, but only when necessary, thus being able

1: The MSs shall use uplink discontinuous

transmission

to save batteries

2: The MSs must not use uplink discontinuous

transmission
MAIO

Mobile Allocation Index Offset

0 to 15 or DEFAULT

FHOP

Frequency Hopping

BB, SY

BB: Baseband hopping

SY: Synthesiser hopping

DEFAULT
BB

DEFAULT

SingTel using Baseband Hopping for GSM900 System, RF Hopping for GSM1800

CHGR

A cell is divided into one or more channel groups

which contain all physical channels on an arbitrary
number of frequencies. Cells with a subcell
structure must have at least one channel group
defined in each subcell.
0 to 15

0 (for cells without a subcell structure).

n/a (for overlaid subcells).
0 (for underlaid subcells).

SCTYPE

Subcell type. SingTel does not use Intelligent

Underlay Overlay [IUO]

UL The subcell type is underlaid.

OL The subcell type is overlaid.

CELL DATA

HCSBAND Layer

LAYER

Defines which cell layers belong to the specified

HSCBAND. Layer 1 has the highest priority
(microcell)

LAYERTHR

The signal strength threshold is used for ranking

of cells in different layer within each HCSBAND 0 to 150 dbm

UL, OL

1 to 8

1 /2

75

75 dBm / 95 dBm

Layer Hysteresis - signal strength is used for

ranking cells in different layers within each
LAYERHYST HCSBAND

0 to 63db

2 dB

PSSTEMP

Signal strength penalty temporary offset

0 to 63db

0 dB

PTIMTEMP

specifies the duration during which PSSTEMP is

valid

0 to 600 seconds

FASTMSREG Handling of fast-moving mobiles switches

ON, OFF

CSYSTYPE

GSM900, GSM1800, GSM1900,

MIXED

MBCR

Specifies
system
type -for
the cell
Multi Bandthe
Cells
Reported
defines
the nos of
neighbours from each frequency band that shall
be

0 to 3

0 second

OFF

OFF

GSM900

GSM900

0 or 1

The HCS feature with 3 layers allows building a network in a two- or three-layered
structure. The higher layers can for example be used for large cells and the lower for
small cells. Cells in layer 1 have higher priority than cells in layer 2, which in turn have
higher priority than cells in layer 3.

Unless it is an Ericsson G18 cell, then it will be specified as GSM1800

0 The multiband MS reports the strongest identified neighbours irrespective of the
frequency band used in the cells.
1 The multiband MS attempts to report, at least, the strongest identified neighbour
cells in each frequency band.

reported in the measurement report

IDLE MODE Cell Selection Criteria: C1, C2

ACCMIN

Minimum received signal level in dbm at the MS

for permission to access the system

CCHPWR

Maximum transceiver power level an MS may use

when accessinf on a control channel

47 to 110 dBm

- 110 dBm

- 104 dBm

A low value of ACCMIN means that the coverage in idle mode is improved at the
expense of the risk of having an increased number of call setup failures

CRH

Cell Reselection Hysteresis - receiving signal

strength hysteresis for required cell reselection

13 to 43 (GSM900)

33

33 dBm

4 to 30 (GSM1800)

30

30 dBm

4 dB

C1(N) > C1 + CRH

1, 4, 6

1,4,6

Up to 8 NCCs can be defined

No

No

HIGH

HIGH

0 dB / 4 = 8 dB

0 to 14 in steps of 2db

over location area border (LAC)

NCCPERM

PLMM (NCC) Permitted - defined the allow NCCs

(Network Colour Code) on the BCCH carriers

0 to 7

for which the MS is permitted to send

measurement reports
CB

Cell Bar Access

Yes, No

CBQ

Cell Bar Qualify - HIGH: The cell has high

priority; LOW: The cell has low priority

HIGH, LOW

CRO

Cell Reselection Offset - defines an offset to

encourage or discourage MSs to select the cell

0 to 63 [0 dB to 126 dB in steps
of 2 dB)

while it is camping on another cell, eg: perforam a

cell reselection
TO

Temporary Offset - defines a negative offset

applied to CRO

The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs

C2 = C1 + CRO TO * H(PT T) for PT 31
C2 = C1 CRO for PT = 31

0 to 7 [0 dB to infinite dB in
steps of 10 dB]

0 dB

The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs

PT

Penalty time - defines duration for which TO is

applied

0 to 31 [0 sec to 620 sec in steps

of 20 sec]

0 / 31

T3212

Defines the time-out value that controls the

location updating procedure,

0 to 255 deci hours [Infinite time

out to 25.5 hours]

40

20 = 2 hours

The setting of this parameter will only affect phase 2 MSs

DOUBLE BA List

MBCCHNO

Absolute RF channel number for measurement on

BCCH

LISTTYPE

identifies which type pf list the chosen

frequencies will be on

1 to 124 (GSM900)

MBCCHNO is the BCCH allocation, i.e. it indicates to the MS the frequencies that
must be monitored and measured in idle, active or both modes.Up to 32 BCCH carriers
32 BCCH in the List can be defined by specifying their ARFCN

512 to 885 (GSM1800)

IDLE, ACTIVE, Omited

IDLE/ ACTIVE

16

16

RLINKUP is used by the BSC to determine when to disconnect the call upon
repeated failure in decoding the SACCH.

16

A counter that is given the value RLINKT is started in the MS

after the assignment of a dedicated channel. Two units increase
the counter if the SACCH data is successfully decoded. One
unit decreases it if it cannot be successfully decoded. If the
counter reaches the value zero, then the call release is initiated.

63

If the measured timing advance value for an access burst is

equal to or greater than MAXTA, then the connection set-up
signalling is terminated by the system.

NO

NO

If the cell is an extended range cell, traffic at a distance of

greater than 35 km between the MS and the BTS can be
supported

Extended range
RLINKUP

Radio Link Time-out - the maximum value of the

radio counter for the uplink

RINKT

Radio Link Time-out - the maximum value of the

radio downlink counter

MAXTA

Maximum timing advance before an MS is

considered lost

XRANGE

Extended range cell

1 to 63 SACCH periods (480ms)

8 to 64 in steps of 4 SACCH
periods (480ms)

0 to 63 (normal cell)

YES, NO

16

63

Filter control for measurement

SSEVALSD

Signal strength filter for speech/data

1 to 9

1 to 5: General FIR filters;

QEVALSD

Quality filter for speech./data

1 to 9

7: Exponential filter; 8: First order Butterworth filter

SSVALSI

Signal strength filter for signalling only

1 to 9

9 Median filter

QEVALSI

Quality filter for signalling only

1 to 9

SSLENSD

Length of signal strength filter speech/data

1 to 20 SACCH periods

QLENSD

Length of quality filter for speech/data

1 to 20 SACCH periods

SSLENSI

Length of signal strength filter for signalling only 1 to 20 SACCH periods

QLENSI
SSRAMPSD

Length
quality
filter strength
for signalling
Rampingof
length
of signal
for only
speech/data

SSRAMPSI

Ramping length of signal strength for signalling

only

10

12

12

10

12

12

1 to 20 SACCH periods

1 to 20 SACCH periods

0 to 18

1 to 20 SACCH periods

6: Straight Average filter

1 SACCH period (480 ms).

LOCATING DATA : Basic ranking of cell data

MISSNM

Max no of consecutive missing measurements for

serving cell or neighbouring cell permitted
before old measurements are considered invalid

BSTXPWR

is the BTS output power on all frequencies other

than
is theBcch
BTSfrequency
output power on the [ BCCH frequency 0 to 80 dbm

50

50 dBm

BSPWR

50

50 dBm

MSRXMIN

Minimum required signal strength received at the

MS in a given cell to consider the cell
0 to 150 dbm

100

100 dBm

as a possible candidate for handover

0 to 80 dbm

Maximum number of consecutive missing measurements for a serving cell or

neighbouring cell permitted before all old measurements are considered invalid.

BSRXMIN

Minimum required signal strength received at the

BTS, at the reference point, to consider the
0 to 150 dbm

116

116 dBm

0 to 150 dbm

0 dBm

0 to 150 dbm

max 150

150 dBm

OFF

ON

ON

ON

NOPREF

NOPREF

cell as a possible candidate for handover

MSRXSUFF

Sufficient signal strength received at the MS to

consider the cell selectable for further ranking
according to the magnitude of the path loss

BSRXSUFF

Sufficient signal strength received at the BTS,

at the reference point, to consider the cell
selectable for further ranking according to the
magnitude of the path loss

AW

Assignment to worst cell switch. Identifies if

assignment to worse cell is allowed from that cell ON, OFF

GPRS Channel administration

GPRS

Activates/deactivates GPRS support in the cell

ON, OFF

FPDCH

used to dedicate a number of traffic channels in

the cell for GPRS only

0 to 8

used in the channel allocation algorithm to

determine where the first dedicated PSET of
PDCHALLOC PDCH be allocated
LAST When allocating dedicated PDCH it must
not be allocated on the non-hopping BCCH
frequency.
If no channels are available on other frequencies
than the non-hopping BCCH frequency ondemand
channels are allocated instead, until the
requirement is fulfilled.

NOPREF, FIRST, LAST

The dedicated Pdch will not be pre-empted by circuit switched traffic

note: NOPREF: the channel alocation algorithm should not consider this parameter

FIRST When allocating the first dedicated PDCH it must be allocated on the nonhopping BCCH frequency. If no channels are available on the non-hopping BCCH
frequency on-demand channels are allocated instead, until the requirement is fulfilled.

CHCODING

CHCODING is used to the GPRS channel-coding

scheme.

CS 1 or 2 for Ericsson R8

PILTIMER

When an on-demand PDCH becomes idle it is

placed in the idle list for the packet switched
domain and PILTIMER is started. When the
PILTIMER expires for a PDCH the channel is
returned to circuit switched domain.

1 to3600.

GPRSPRIO

0 (pre-empt GPRS connection when needed for

voice)
16 (pre-empt all but 1 idle GPRS ts)

0,16,24

CS 2

CS 2

20 seconds

20 seconds

0 or 1

INACTIVE

ACTIVE

95 dBm

24 (pre-empt only idle GPRS ts, leave busy GPRS

connections alone)
MS power control
DMPSTATE

Dynamic MS power control state

ACTIVE, INACTIVE

SSDES

Defines the target value for the desired signal

strength uplink measured by the BTS during the
stationary phase.

47 to 110 dbm

85

INIDES

Defines the target value for the desired signal

strength uplink measured by the BTS during the
initial phase.

47 to 110 dbm

70

85 dBm

5 SACCH

The value of SSLEN > INILEN.

2 SACCH

Faster when value is lower

70

30%

SSLEN

LCOMPUL

Length of stationary signal strength filter

3 to 15 SACCH periods
Path loss
Length
ofcompensator
initial signal factor,
strengthuplink.
filterWhen set to 0, 2 to 5 SACCH periods
zero, no power control towards SSDES is
performed.
0 to 100%

PMARG

Power margin on the new channel at assignment,

intra-cell handover and subcell change and on the
old channel at assignment failure or handover
failure.
0 to 20 dB

QDESUL

Desired quality uplink

0 to 70 dtqu

QLEN

Length of the uplink quality filter

1 to 20 SACCH periods

INILEN

3 dB

20

35 dtqu

12 SACCH

Lower desired SS to prevent interference in Urban Area

QCOMPUL

Quality deviation compensation factor, uplink

0 to 60 %

30

30%
MS power regulation is performed at intervals specified by REGINT. A new power
order is issued only if the calculated power level is different from the current MS
power level.

REGINT

Regulation interval, stationary, uplink

1 to 30 SACCH periods

3 SACCH

DTXFUL

Number of measurements periods before the full

set of measurements are used
0 to 40 SACCH periods

5 SACCH

INACTIVE

ACTIVE

OFF

OFF

SDCCH power control switch. Identifies if power control on

SDCCH is allowed on non BCCH frequencies.

Lower desired SS to prevent interference in Urban Area

The MS can change the power level in steps of

2 dB with a maximum of 8 steps per SACCH
period.

BTS power control

DBPSTATE

Dynamic BTS power control state

ACTIVE, INACTIVE

SDCCHREG

SDCCH power control switch

ON, OFF

SSDESDL

defines the target value for the desired signal

strength downlink as measured by MS in
different parts of the power control interval.

47 to 110 dbm

70

90 dBm

REGINTDL

Regulation interval, downlink

1 to 10 SACCH periods

1 SACCH

SSLENDL

Length of downlink signal strength filter

3 to 15 SACCH periods

4 SACCH

LCOMPDL

Path Loss compensator factor, downlink

0 to 100 %

70

20%

QDESDL

Desired quality, downlink

0 to 70 dtqu

20

0 dtqu

QCOMPDL

Quality deviation compensation factor, downlink

0 to 60 %

30%

60%

QLENDL

Length of downlink quality filter

1 to 20 SACCH periods

5 SACCH

BSPWRMIN

Min allowed output power for the BTS at the

locating reference point on the non Bcch freqs

20

20 dB

62

61

10 dB

10 dB

-20 to +50 dbm

Faster steps of powering up by 2 dB at 1 SACCH

When set to zero there is no power control towards SSDESDL.
RxQual = 0
When set to zero, no quality compensation is performed.

Urgency Conditions for Handover [Locating Algorithm]

Timing advance limit for handover - Urgency
detection parameter

0 to 63 (normal cell) Bits periods

(bp)

TALIM determines the maximum timing advance

that the MS is recommended to use in the cell

0 to 219 (extended range cell) bp

PSSBQ

Signal strength penalty when handover due to

bad quality. This penalty is valid during
PTIMBQ

0 to 63 db

PSSTA

Signal strength penalty when handover doe to too

0 to 63 db
large timing advance. It is valid during PTIMTA

63

63 dB

PTIMBQ

Penalty time when handover due to bad quality

0 to 600 seconds

10

15 sec

PTIMTA

Penalty time when handover due to too large

timing advance

0 to 600 seconds

10

10 sec

QLIMDL

Quality limit downlink for handover. Urgency

detection parameter

0 to 100 dtqu

55

55 dtpu

Deci transformed GSM quality units (dtqu).

QLIMUL

Quality limit uplink for handover. Urgency

detection parameter

0 to 100 dtqu

55

55 dtpu

Deci transformed GSM quality units (dtqu).

63 dB

63 dB

15

15

TALIM

Handover Failure
PSSHF

Signal strength penalty at handover failure

0 to 63 db

PTIMHF

Penalty time at handover failure

0 to 600 seconds

Intra cell handover

IHO

Intra handover switch: ON - Intra cell handover

is allowed; OFF - Intra cell is not allowed

ON, OFF

TMAXIHO

Timer for handover counter

0 to 60 seconds

OFF

OFF

6 seconds

SingTel does not use Intra-Cell Handover. [Globe: ON ]

6

TIHO

Intra cell handover inhibition timer

0 to 60 seconds

10

5 seconds

MAXIHO

Maximum number of consecutive intra-cell

handovers

0 to 15

10

QOFFSETUL Offset for quality uplink

-50 to +50 dtqu

10

QOFFSETDL Offset for quality downlink

-50 to +50 dtqu

10

SSOFFSETUL Offset for signal strength uplink

-30 to +30 db

SSOFFSETDL Offset for signal strength downlink

-30 to +30 db

Idle Channel Measurements

ACTIVE, PASSIVE, NOALLOC

ACTIVE: The measurements made are used for statistical purposes and at channel
allocation.
PASSIVE: No idle channel measurements are made.
NOALLOC: The measurements are used for statistical purposes only.

ICMSTATE

Idle Channel Measurement State

PASSIVE

ACTIVE

INTAVE

The number of measurements that should be used

in the calculation of the interference band for a
channel
1 to 31 SACCH periods

6 SACCH

LIMITn

defines threshold limits for five different

interference bands

LIMIT1 = 0 to 59

Band 1 : -108 dBm

LIMIT2 = 1 to 60

Band 2 : - 104 dBm

LIMIT3 = 2 to 61

12

12

Band 3 : - 98 dBm

LIMIT4 = 3 to 62

22

25

Band 4 : - 85 dBm

INACTIVE

ACTIVE

CELL LOAD SHARING

CLSSTATE

Cell load sharing active/inactive for an individual

cell

ACTIVE, INACTIVE

CLSACC

Percentage of available full rate capable

traffic channels in a target cell at or below
which no

1 to 100 %

40%

40%

0 to 99 %

20%

20%

ON, OFF

OFF

ON

75%

75%

5 seconds

For CLSSTATE activation to have effect, CLSSTATE must be activated

handovers due to Cell Load sharing will be

accepted

CLSLEVEL

Percentage of available full rate capable

traffic channels at which or below which Cell
load sharing

The value of of CLSLEVEL must be less than the value of CLSACC

evaluations are initiated.

HOCLSACC

Handover due to cell load sharing accepted to

this cell

RHYST

Hysteresis reduction parameter - determines how

much hysteresis can be reduced in the cell load
sharing
0 to 100 %
evaluation

CLSRAMP

Cell load sharing ramping time parameter.

Ericsson 1 locating algorithm:

TRHYST
KHYST
LHYST
TROFFSET
KOFFSET
Neighbouring LOFFSET

0 to 30 seconds

Ericsson 3 locating algorithm:

HIHYST
LOHYST
HYSTSEP
OFFSET

Cell Relation SingTel is using Ericsson 3 Algorithm

Ericsson 1
CELLR

Related Cell designation

1 to 7 Characters

The interval during which value of RHYST is ramped up from zero to the final value.

KHYST

Signal strength hystersis when evaluating K-cells

0 to 63db

3 dB

3 dB

LHYST

Path Loss hystersis when evaluating L-cells

0 to 63db

3 dB

3 dB

TRHYST

Signal Strength hysteresis for a K- and L- cell

border segment

KOFFSET

Signal strength offset when evaluating K-cells

LOFFSET

Path Lloss offset when evalutaing L-cells

TROFFSET

Signal strength offset for a K- and L-cell border

segment

BQOFFSET

Signal strength region for bad quality urgency

handovers

CAND

Candidate Type

-63 to 63 db

2 dB

3 dB

3 dB

-63 to 63 db

0 dB

-63 to 63 db

0 dB

0 to 63db

63 dB

3 dB

AWN, NHN, BOTH

BOTH

BOTH

3 dB

0 to 63 db

If set to 6 dB, Slower handover to CELLR

If set to 0 dB, faster handover to CELLR

AWN: Neighbour at assignment to worse cell

NHN: Neighbour at normal handover and at
assignment to better cell
BOTH: Both of the above
AWOFFSET

Signal strength region where assignment to worse

cell is allowed
0 to 63 db

3 dB -> 20 dB when Serving cell is Congested, to offload to other cell [CELLR]

Ericsson 3
HIHYST

Signal strength hysteresis when evaluating high

signal strength cells

0 to 63 db

5 dB

5 dB

LOHYST

Signal strength hysteresis when evaluating low

signal strength cells

0 to 63 db

3 dB

3 dB

HYSTSEP

Signal strength separator for high and low

signal strength cells

0 to 150 dbm

90 dBm

90 dBm

OFFSET

Signal strength offset

-63 to 63 db

3 dB

The parameter is represented by OFFSETN, if the value is in the range (63,

-1) dB. Positive values, (0, 63) dB, is represented by OFFSETP.