ISBN: 978-15-086565-24

Date: 22.3.2015
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH

A. Ladder logic Sequencing For PLC

When the input X0 is given, two valves and one heater are energized. The two valves comprise mainly of dryer
and drain valve. Dryer valve is made to open for duration of 8 hours when the coil is energized. Simultaneously,
the heater is ON for 4 hours and it trips off after the time lapse. The heater is connected in AND logic condition.
The switching ON of heater is done only when the required set point is reached and time limit is reached. The
drain valve is opened and closed for every 45 minutes in order to remove the moisture content in the desiccant
bed. At the end of 8 hours, dryer valve gets de-energized and the closing of dryer valve occurs simultaneously
and the energization of the regenerator valve occurs. The drying process takes place in the regenerator .In the
dryer, the saturated alumina is reused with the help of the hot air and the moisture content is collected near the
drain valve. The periodic release of the moisture is done using the drain valve. This process is repeated
continuously
V. CONCLUSION
Thus this paper gives the implementation of ladder logic programming using PLC.This paper also suggests the
ways to reduce the manual operation and to enhance better productivity without trips.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are indebted to thank our Principal Mr.Venkataswamy and our Head of the Department Mrs. Merlin
Inbamalar and our project supervisor Ms.N.Sangeetha and our external guide Mr.D.Gurumoorthy for guiding
us with constant support and encouragement. We would also like to thank all the faculties of our department for
guiding us and supporting us.
REFERENCES
[1]. C.L.Mantell,Principles of adsorption and its Processes.
[2]. W.J.Thomas,Barry D.Crittenden,Adsorption Technology and design .
[3]. A.K.Gupta,S.L.Arora,Industrial Automation and Robotics.
[4]. K.Y.Lee,M.C.Shin,Power Plants and Power systems Control.
[5]. Sanford L.Heisler PE,Wiley Engineers Desk Reference:A Concise Guide for the professional Engineer.
[6].A.K.Gupta,S.L.Arora,Industrial Automation and Robotics.
[7]. David S.J.Jones,Peter R.Ujado,Handbook of Petroleum Processing.
[8].Sloros/Assoc En,Integrated Solutions for Energy and Facility Management .
[9]. Advances In Instrumentation and Control: Proceedings Of the ISA.International Conference and Exhibit,Volume 44,Part 4.
[10]. Petruzulla,Programmablr Logic Controllers
[11]. William Bolton,Programmable Logic Controllers.
[12]. Chlinton Co.,Instrument and Control Systems, 1982.
[13].EPRI Journal, Electrical Power Research Institute,1991.

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH

PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM USING TEXT-To-SPEECH CONVERSION

FOR CORPORATE APPLICATIONS
Prabu.P*,Ajantaa Priyaadharsini.G.V**,Pavithra.N***,Nalinidevi.G****
Deparment of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Narasus Sarathy Institute of Technology, Salem, India.
*ganeshprabunsit@gmail.com,**ajantaavenkatesan@gmail.com,
***pavithranarayanan93@gmail.com,****devinaliniece@gmail.com.
Abstract- Public Address Systems are mainly electronic sound amplification and distribution system with microphone, amplifiers
and loudspeakers. This conventional system is wired and has no option for selection of destinations. The proposed system proves to
overcome these disadvantages with the usage of ARM Processor. ARM is a full-solutions provider, supporting a broad range of
applications. It has been observed that the performances of the ARM based process are high speed, low cost, low power
consumption. In the proposed system the input message is given in the form of text to the personal computer. This text is converted
into speech with the help of ARM controller on Linux board. Later the controller sends the voice message on to the wireless network
medium and distributes it through the RF transceiver. Then the output is passed to multiple destinations which are loudspeakers.
Also an alert message will be sent to the individual user through the mobile phone before announcement through the speaker. This
process is done with the help of GSM module. Thus, the entire system aims to make the process of announcing a better one.
Keywords- Linux Board, ARM 7 Processor. Python, GSM module, RF transceiver, Embedded C.

I. INTRODUCTION
More than 90 percent of todays corporate needs public address systems for better communication. But, then these systems phase a lot of
disadvantages which make them less desirable. In older days the public address systems employed microphones, amplifiers and
loudspeakers. In this process the entire system can work only within few kilometers or meters. In case if the distance has to be increase then
the usage of wires could also increase. Hence, wiring cost could be more. This is a major drawback also the signal would lose its strength on
passing through a long distance. Signal clarity and quality decreases to a great extent. This is the next major drop of the existing system.
Then in the system the voice spoken on the microphone if not clear , the output on the loudspeaker will also not be audible. This could cause
the entire system to be improper. Last but not the least,the entire systems had only one receiver and a single destination. Hence, for modern
and multi-stored corporates, this conventional method would not be useful. All floors / areas should have individual destinations for the
message to reach the appropriate user. If not, all would be distributed by the announcement which is not important to them. Overall to
overcome all these drawbacks, the new text-to-speech conversion system has been designed to embed in a public address system. Further
this system is made wireless with the help of RF technology which makes it easier to transmit. The input in the proposed system is a text
message. Whatever be the text, it is sent to the ARM7 processor on the Raspberry Pi, Linux board. This processor converts the text in to
voice signal. On the other hand, the processor has a stored alert message (e.g. Everyone on floor1 please listen to the announcement). This
message is provided to alert the individuals on the first floor. This alert message is sent to the higher authority of floor 1, so that he can
instruct his subordinates to be open to the announcement. In between the time, when the processor receives the text and send its to the output
port has speech signal, the selection of floor when the message has to go is chosen from the pc .Now, the alert message gets ready to sent.
The processor at this time will have two signals ready to be transmitted. Firstly, the alert message will be sent through the GSM module to
destined mobile user. Later, after a delay few minutes, the voice signal is processed to the RF transmitters input port. The entire section upto
this constitutes the transmitter section. On the receiver side, the RF receiver, receives the voice signal and transmit it to the relay circuit.
Since we have many destinations, the relay circuit is used to switch the output between various destinations. At the destination there is an
amplifier for the amplification process. In case the signal strength is weak, this boosters the signal and also makes it better in quality and
clarity. Has a next step the amplifier directs the signal to the Loudspeakers. The destinations are multiple for better reachability. Only, then
all can receive the message. Let us see in detail the technical aspects of developing the modern public address system.

II.EXISTING SYSTEM
Let us have a look on the basic setup of the existing public address system. The entire block has three important units that are microphone,
amplifier, and loudspeaker.
Microphone(inp
ut)voice signal

Amplifier

Loud speaker

Fig.1. Block Diagram of Existing System

First, its the microphone, to receive the voice signal and convert it to electrical signal. Then this is amplified because, the loud speaker
would need a high voltage signal as input to work properly. To match this, signal is amplified and sent to loudspeaker. The destination is

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH

single or if desire multiple. But the selection has to be done manually. If any mistake happens then signal would reach unwanted
destinations, which is not desirable. More than all the entire process is wired. Hence, for covering large distance the wiring cost would
increase proportionally.

III.PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed method of public address system proves to be novel as it remains updated and employs new technologies such as Wireless
Communication, Global System for Mobile Communication, ARM7 Processor embedded on a BROADCOM2385 Linux Raspberry Pi
development board. Proposed system employs three major modules that are transmitter module module, receiver module and the GSM
module. Let us see about each module in a detailed manner in further paragraph.
ARM

PC
PS

G
P
I
O

AUDI

RF
TX

RF

RF RX

PHON
E

GSM

RELAY

AMPLIFI
ER

LOUD
SPEAKE
R

Fig.2.Block diagram of proposed system

A.THE TRANSMITTER MODULE:

A.1.POWER SUPPLY:
This is the first and foremost unit that is used for any embedded unit to work. Here, the entire system needs a power supply for 5V. This is
given to the Raspberry Pi development board. Another power supply will be given to the receiver side too.

A.2.PERSONAL COMPUTER:
This is a common personal computer either a desktop or a laptop or even a palmtop. This is used to configure the OS that is to be loaded on
to the Raspberry Pi. The commands are also given through the computer. The text input is given in the Linux terminal of the Raspberry Pi
board on Linux OS.

A.3. RASPBERRY PI:

The main part of the transmitter section is the ARM7 processor on Raspberry pi Linux board. The Raspberry pi has space for storage, this is
the the files and documents to be executed is placed. The Linux OS is loaded on the Raspberry pis and SD cards and its operated by the
computer. An UART connectors the pc and the Raspberry pi, while loading the OS the Linux library files on audio processing are also
included, the unwanted files are removed. This file is now converted into an image format (.img file) and kept in pc.The Raspberry pi
terminal is opened in the pc and the .img file is loaded. Now the OS is loaded. An terminal on the Raspberry pi is opened whole the input is
being typed. Certain commands are given to causes the files on the card. This way the input is being given to the Raspberry pi board.

Fig.3.Raspberry Pi development board

A.3.1. ARM PROCESSOR:

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INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON EMERGING TRENDS IN ENGINEERING RESEARCH

ARM is highly efficient, low cost, low power consumption processors which are widely used in Raspberry pi boards. The ARM processor
converts the text message to the voice signal. The ARM performs various operations like parts of speech tagging, phrase marking, word to
phoneme conversion and clustergen synthesis. These algorithms are coded and developed in C using ellipse IDE and implemented on
commercially available ARM7 Microcontroller.

A.3.2.GPIO:
The GPIO is the abbreviation for general purpose input/output. There are 12 general purpose input/output pins that are controlled by two
controlled pins. The alert message is processed from the ARM 7 and then sent to the GPIO pins. From here they are sent to the GSM.

A.3.3. AUDIO INPUT/OUTPUT:

The audio output is present on the Raspberry pi board. The output from the ARM7 processor is being sent to the audio pin. From here; the
audio is taken and given to the RF transmitter module.

B. GSM MODULE:
The GSM module is interfere with Raspberry pi with the help of ARM7 processor the coding is done in the processor to accept the input.
The message is sent to the user as per the instructions of the processor. The user receives the text message which is an alert.

B.1. GSM:
GSM (Global system for Mobile )/ GPRS(General Packet Radio Service ) TTL- Modem is SIM900 Quad- band GSM/ GPRS device, works
on frequencies 850 MHZ,900MHZ,1800MHZ,1900MHZ.It is very compact in size and easy to use as plugin GSM modem. The modem is
designed with 3V3 and 5V DC TTL interfacing circuitry, which allows user to directly interface with 5V micro
controller(PIC,AVR,Arduino,8051,etc.,) as well as 3V3 micro controllers (ARM,ARM Cortex XX,etc.,). The baud rate can be configurable
from 9600-115200 bps through AT (Attention) commands.

B.2. PHONE:
Phone is a device used for the purpose of communication with each other. Two types of phones are used that are CDMA and GSM. CDMA
phones have a EMI number on them and these cannot be changed often. But, GSM phones makes use of SIM cards. These numbers on the
SIM cards permanent and the phones can be changed. Here in this system we make use of SIM based phone that is configured with the help
of GSM module.

C. RF MODULE:
The Audio output of the Raspberry pi board is taken to the text of the RF module. The voice signal is sent over the frequency spectrum of
range 850, 900, 1800, 1850 MHZ.

C.1.RF TRANSMITTER:
The transmitter contains the receiver input that gets the audio signal. This signal is now modulated based on frequency with a carrier signal
and sent to the wireless transmitter.

C.2. THE RADIO FREQUENCY SPECTRUM:

Radio frequency spectrum contains electromagnetic waves ranging from 30Hz-300MHz. All these waves in the RF spectrum are utilized to
transfer and receiver message. Messages sent through this are always modulated.

C.3.RF RECIVER:
The RF receiver receives the signal and demodulates it. This demodulated signal is then sent to the relay circuit for transmitting it to various
destinations.

D. RECEIVER MODULE:
On the receiver side the main blocks are the relay circuits, amplifiers and loudspeaker. All these three are single numbered except the loud
speaker. According to the number of destinations where the addressing is needed, the quantity of loudspeakers used will vary proportionally.

D.1.RELAY:

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A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet , to mechanically operate a switch. But other operating
principles are also used such as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by low power signal (with
complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits) or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

D.2. AMPLIFIER:
The amplifier in general is a device working on negative feedback. This helps strengthen the weak signal. Further, in this system, the
amplifier aims to increase the voice clarity and amplitude by removing the unwanted noise.

D.3.LOUDSPEAKER:
Loudspeaker is generally a device for reproducing any given input aloud. A normal 12V loudspeaker is used here the audio signal that is
being received from the amplifier. The loudspeaker are installed as per the number of destinations needed.

IV.CONCLUSION
Thus, all the above discussed module together form the newly developed public address systems. The output of the system is the audio voice
and the text to the mobile phone. The screen shot of the text in the mobile has been attached with this. Further, higher wireless systems like
Zigbee, Wi-Fi could be used for longer distance and more better quality of output.

Fig.4.Output of GSM Module

REFERENCE
1) Abdul Rawoof, Kulesh, Kailash Chandra Ray ARM based Implementation of Text-To-Speech (TTS) forreal time Embedded
Systems in International journal on Signal and Image Processing, October 2014.
2) Shankar kumar.S, Jenitha.J, Narmadha.I, suganya.A, An Embedded module as Virtual Tongue for the Speech less in International
Journal of Information Sciences and Techniques (IJIST) Vol.4, Issue 3, May 2014.
3) Prof. Dr.P.Aishwarya, Implementation of speech Synthesis System using Neural Networks in International Journal of Emerging Trends
and Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 3,Issue 2, March- April 2014.
4) Poonam.S.Shetake, S.A.Patil, P.M.Jadhav, Review of text to speech conversion Methods in 10th International Conference of IRF,
ISBN:978-93-84209-23-0 01,June 2014.
5) MithaliPatil, AshwinBedare, VarshaPacharne, Design and Implementation of Voice Controlled Wireless Intelligent Home Automation
System using Zigbee, in International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer science and Software Engineering, Volume 3, Issue 4,
April 2013.
6) Er.SheillyPada, Er.Nidhi, Ms.RupinderdeepKaur, A Step Towards Making an Effective Text to Speech Conversion System in
International Journal of Engineering Research and Application(IJERA) Volume 2, Issue 2, March-April 2012.

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7)E. Matusov, S. Kanthak, and H. Ney,Integrating speech recognition and machine translation:Where do we stand? in Proc. Int.Conf.
Acoust. Speech Signal Process., 2006, DOI: 10.1109/ICASSP.2006.1661501.
8) Meng H, Keung C, Siu K, et al. CU Vocal: Corpus-based syllable concatenation for Chinese speech synthesis across domains and
dialects In: Proceedings of the ICSLP. Dever, USA, 2002: 2373-2376.
9) L. Deng and D. OShaughnessy,Speech ProcessingVA Dynamic andOptimization-Oriented Approach.New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.
10) L. Deng and X. Huang, Challenges inadopting speech recognition, Communication.
ACM, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 1113, Jan. 2004.
11) W. Hu rst, T. Kreuzer, and M. Wiesenhutter, A Qualitative Study Towards Using Large Vocabulary Automatic Speech Recognition to
Index Recorded Presentations for Search and Access over the Web, Proc. IADIS Intl Conf. WWW/Internet (ICWI 02), pp. 135-143, 2002.
12) http://computers.tutsplus.com/articles/how-to-flash-an-sd-card-for-raspberry-pi--mac-53600
13) The Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) Cantonese Romanization Scheme. http://www.iso10646hk.net/jp/index.jsp. 2008

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