Wainganga Report (Previous Project)

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E.
PROJECT
CHAPTER-I
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1
INTRODUCTION
The Wainganga Hydroelectric Project located on the border of Gadchiroli and
Chandrapur districts of Maharashtra State envisages utilization of the water of
the river Wainganga, a tributary of Godavari for power generation on a
storage type development, harnessing a hydraulic head of about 25.4 m.
The project with a proposed installation of 105 MW (5 x 21 MW) would afford
an annual energy generation of 246.146 GWh in a 90% dependable year. The
tariff from the project at present day cost would be Rs. 3.32/ kWh (levellised).
The diversion site is located at Latitude 200 230 N, Longitude 790 57 35"E.
The nearest rail head to the project area is located at Bramhapuri about 25
km upstream of project site. Bramhapuri is connected to Nagpur (about 130
km) via Umred-Nagbhir section. The project is also approachable by road by
the same route i.e. Nagpur-Umred-Nagbhir-Brahmapuri. Another approach
can be from Chandrapur (District headquarter) located about 150 km from
Nagpur and connected by National Highway/State Highway. The Wainganga
dam site is located at a village Daungar Saungi which is about 95 km from
Chandrapur via Kelzar-Mul-Gadchiroli-Purla by state highway and further 10
km by single lane ordinary road going upstream along the Wainganga river.
The nearest airport is located at Nagpur.
1.2
SCOPE OF WORKS
The Wainganga HE project envisages construction of :
1-1
PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT
a 32 m high concrete power dam and overflow section and rest all is
earthen dam across river Wainganga to provide a live storage of
5155.0 M cum with FRL at El 222.4 m and MDDL at El 212.0 m
70.0 m long and 5.0 m dia penstock 5 Nos.
A surface power house having an installation of 5 Kaplan turbines

driven generating unit of 21 MW each operating under a gross head of
25.4 m; and
300 m long tail race channel to carry the power house releases back to
the river.
1.3
HYDROLOGY
The river Wainganga drains a total catchment area of 43658 sq km at the
project site which includes free catchment area of about 8796 sq km. The
water availability for the project i.e. the dependable flows both for 90% and
50% dependable year have been assessed, based on observed data and
incorporating 12 Gauge Discharge sites (maintained by CWC) in the region
utilising the available data from 1970-71 onwards for most of the sites. The
computed inflow series worked out has been utilized for Power Potential
Studies. The design flood (PMF) has been assessed as 63330 cumecs.
1.4
POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES

Annual energy generation has been computed for all the 31 years (19702001) with installed capacity of 105 MW. The annual firm power generation is
computed as 153.3 million units. The average annual generation considering
secondary energy generation works out to 246.146 million units.
1-2
1.5
POWER EVACUATION ASPECTS

The line from this HEP is intended to be evacuated by purposed 220 KV D/C
line to newly proposed 220/132 kV S/S near Chandrapur.
1.6
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS
The project site is located in reserve forest area on river Wainganga. The
submergence area is 87500 ha, and about 80% of the land falls under the
category of forest area and clearances under Forest Conservation Act shall
be required. In addition, land will also be required for other project
appurtenances.
Based
on
assessment
of
environmental
impacts,
management plans have to be formulated for acquisition of forest land, wildlife

conservation, muck disposal, quarry stabilization, and other environmental
issues. These issues would be addressed during the investigation stage for
DPR preparation.
1.7
ESTIMATES OF THE COST

The project is estimated to cost Rs. 1321.77 Crores including IDC at
June,2003 price level. The preliminary cost estimate of the project has been
prepared as per guidelines of CEA/CWC. The break up of the cost estimate
is given below:
Particulars
Civil Works
Electro Mechanical Works
Sub Total (Generation)
Interest During Construction
Total (Generation)
Transmission Works
Grand Total
Rs. (in Crores)

:
:
:
:
:
:
:
936.91
178.70
1115.61
176.41
1292.02
29.75
1321.77
1-3
1.8
FINANCIAL ASPECTS
As indicated above, the Wainganga HE Project, with an estimated cost
(Generation only) of Rs. 1292.02 Crores (including IDC of Rs. 176.41 Crores)
and design energy of 246.146 GWh in a 90% dependable year is proposed to
be completed in a period of 5
years.
The tariff has been worked out
considering a debt-equity ratio of 70:30, 16% return on equity and annual

interest rate on loan at 10%. The tariff for first year and levellised tariff (at
power house bus bar) have been worked out as Rs.3.86 /kWh & Rs.
3.32/kWh respectively.
1.9
CONCLUSIONS
9.1
The Wainganga HE Project involves simple civil works and could be

completed in 5 years. The project would afford a design energy of 246.146
GWh in a 90% dependable year. The cost per MW installed work out to Rs.
10.62 Crores. The Preliminary Feasibility Report indicates that the scheme
merits consideration for taking up Survey & Investigation and preparation of
DPR, especially considering the scenario that releases from this storage
project are proposed to be utilised for generation of power on a run-of-theriver type development in respect of 3 H.E. Schemes proposed in the
downstream reach.
9.2
Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Report imposes restriction on utilisation of

1.5 TMC at every stage utilisation and that there is a limitation to use 41 TMC
by Maharashtra State. However, Wainganga Hydel Development does not
entail consumptive use of water except for evaporation and hence the above
restrictions do not infringe any of the provisions of the award.
1-4
CHAPTER - II
BACKGROUND INFORMATION
2.1
General
Maharashtra is the third largest State in area and second most populous
State. It is located in the Western part of the country with long coast line on
the Arabian Sea and the State includes major portion within the Central part of
the Peninsular India. It occupies 9.0% of the land area and supports 9.4% of
the population (Census 2001). It is bestowed with low hill ranges and is
traversed by major river systems. The surface water resources of the State
comprise of the river systems of Krishna, Bhima, Godavari, Tapi, Purna,
Wardha, Wainganga. It has rolling topography with hill ranges of Satpuda Hills
along the northern border, Bhamragad-Chiroli-Gaikhuri ranges on the east
serving as natural limits to the State. The Sahayadri Range rises to about El
1000 m and fall in steep cliffs to the Konkan on the west. The Konkan area
between Arabian Sea and the Sahyadri Range is narrow coastal land about
50 km wide and is highly dissected and broken between narrow, steep valleys
and laterite plateaux.
The State has tropical monsoon-climate with seasonal heavy rains of about
400 cm from the west in the Sahyadri. It has also heavy rain on the windward
side on the Konkan and declines towards north-east of Sahyadri. The rainfall
decreases to 70 cm in Sholapur and Ahmednagar. The state supports 17% of
the forest area. The Maharashtra is one of the most advanced states of India
as regards industry, trade, transport and communication.
Maharashtra has very rich heritage of ancient monuments. It has the finest
examples of Indian architecture carved out of natural rocks in distinctive styles
2-1
at several places scattered all over the state. Mumbai, the state capital, is
called the commercial capital of India. It is also known as the Gate of India
and serves as the major port of western India.
Maharashtras contribution to the Indian economy is high and it is called as
the power house of India. Maharashtra with 9.4% of the population accounts
for nearly one-fourth of the gross value of Indias industrial sector. The state
has achieved high levels of industrialization. This is evidenced by the fact that
secondary and tertiary (manufacturing and service) sectors contribute 78.8%
of Maharashtras Gross Domestic Product, as compared to the national
average of 65.4% for the same fields. The per capita income of the State is
about Rs. 17,295/- against national average of Rs. 10,771/-. It contributes
14.7% to the GDP and 15.1% to the national income.
2.2
POWER SCENARIO IN WESTERN REGION
2.2.1 Present Status

The Western Region comprises of the states of Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Gujarat, Goa, Daman Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli. Most of the
states are suffering from lower growth rate in energy as against the expected
projections. Also that most of the states suffer due to severe peak load
shortages. The percentage pattern of actual utilization of electrical energy
during 1997-98 are given below in Table 2.1 (Ref: Sixteenth Electric Power
Survey of India, CEA):
2-2
Table 2.1
Percentage Utilization Sector wise
Categories
Actual
Projected
(1997-98)
(2003-04)
24.28
26.48
9.39
9.24
Irrigation
30.90
26.99
Industry
28.66
30.76
Others
6.77
6.53
100.00
100.00
Domestic
Commercial
Total
The statewise energy requirement at power station Bus-bars and energy

consumption as per estimate of 2002-03 are given as under in Table 2.2
depicting overall energy deficit of 18.5% in the Western Region.
Table 2.2
Energy Status (M Kwh)
State
Goa
Requirement Estimated
Shortage/ %
(M Kwh)
consumption Surplus
variation
1826.0
1341.76
-484.24
-26.52
Gujarat
49141.0
39075.98
-10065.02
-20.48
Madhya Pradesh
41517.0
33255.48
-8261.52
-19.70
Maharashtra
84504.0
70460.48
-14043.52
-16.62
Nagar 988.0
880.58
-107.42
-10.87
639.0
584.43
-54.57
-8.54
145598.71
-33016.29
-18.49
Dadra
&
Haveli
Daman & Diu
Western
Region 178615
(Total)
2-3
2.3
NECESSITY OF HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE STATE
2.3.1 Scenario of Hydro-electric Projects

The scenario of hydro-electric projects completed so far in Maharashtra State
is given in the Table 2.3 and the projects under construction given in Table
2.4:
Table 2.3
Completed Projects
Sr
No
Name
of
Hydro- Number
of Capacity
of Total
Electric Project
Generator
each
unit potential
units
(MW)
(MW)
installed
Konkan Region
1
Koyana Stage III
80
320.00
Bhira
40
80.00
Bhatsa
15
15.00
Terwanmedhe
0.20
0.20
Surya
6.00
Surya RBC fall
0.75
0.75
Pune Region
7
Radhanagari
1.20
4.80
Koyana stage I
70
280.00
Koyana stage II
80
320.00
10
Bhatghar
16
16.00
11
Vir
4.5
9.00
12
Tillari
60
60.00
13
Pawana
10
10.00
14
Yevteshwar
0.075
0.075
2-4
15
Khadakwasala
16
16
Kanher
4.00
17
Dhom
2.00
18
Ujani
12
12.00
19
Manikdoh
6.00
20
Dimbhe
5.00
21
Warna
16.00
22
Dudhganga
12
24.00
23
Koyana Stage IV
250
1000.00
Nashik Region
24
Vaitarna (Underground)
60
60.00
25
Vaitarna (Dam toe)
1.50
1.50
26
Bhandardara PH- II
34.0
34.00
27
Karanjwan
3.0
3.00
Marathwada Region
28
Yeldari
7.5
22.5
29
Paithan
12
12.0
30
Majalgaon
0.75
0.75
80
53 (33%)
Nagpur Region
31
Pench (Interstate project) 2

Projects completed by M/s TATA
32
Bhira
25
150.00
33
Khopoli
12
72.00
34
Bhivpuri
12
72.00
35
Bhira
150
150.00
2-5
Projects completed by Private Agencies

36
Bhandardara PH-I
12
12.00
37
Vajra Prapat
3.00
Total Potential Created
2852.575
Table 2.4
Projects Under Construction
Total
Name of Hydro- No.
of Design
Capacity
of potential
Electric Project
Generator
each
unit (MW)
units
(MW)
Proposed
Konkan Region
Sr
No
Ghatghar
125
250.0
Pune Region
2
Dolvahal
2.00
Konal
10.00
Chass Kaman
3.00
Nashik Region
5
Sardar
Sarovar
391.50
(Interstate)- 27%
Marathwada Region
6
Majalgaon
0.75
2.25
Shahanur
0.75
0.75
Total Estimated potential of ongoing projects
659.50
2-6
2.3.2 Hydro and Thermal Power Mix

The main sources for generating electricity in Maharashtra are Hydro,
thermal, nuclear and wind energy. The position of electricity generation by the
end of 9th five year plan (2001) is given in Table 2.5.
Table 2.5
Fig. In Mw
Sector
Thermal
Hydro
Nuclear Wind
Total
Coal
Gas
Diesel Total
State
2400.17 6425
912
7337
6.4
Private
447
1650
920
2570
313.8 3330.80
1339
391.9
1730.9
297
Central 0
Total
2847.17 9414.0 2223.9 0
11637.9 297
9743.57
2027.90
320.2 15102.27
The development of Hydro-electric and thermal energy generation in

Maharashtra is quite disproportionate and the percent share of hydro is 20%.
With the diminishing coal reserves and difficult oil position all over the world, it
is necessary that economic balance of 40:60 between hydro and thermal
generation of power is obtained.
2-7
2.3.3 Actual Power Supply Position

The actual power supply position in the State is given in Table 2.6.
Table 2.6
Actual Power Supply Position
Period
Peak
Demand
(MW)
Peak
Met
(MW)
Peak
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (MW)
Peak
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (%)
Energy
Requirement
(MU)
Energy
Availability
(MU)
Energy
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (MW)
Energy
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (%)
2001-02
12265
10726
-1539
- 12.5
80489
73438
-7051
-8.8
2002-03
13697
10984
-2713
- 19.8
87152
75472
-11680
-13.4
April-Oct
13612
11078
-2534
- 18.6
48845
44559
-4286
-8.8
(Terminal
9th
year
plan)
2003
2.3.4 Capacity addition during 10th Plan (2002-2007)

The capacity addition of energy from major sources during the 10th Five year
plan period as assessed by Planning Commission is given as under in Table
2.7.
2-8
Table 2.7
Capacity addition during 10th plan
Name of project
(Central Sector)
Type IC (MW)
TARAPUR U-3&4
1080
Capacity addition Benefit / Shares

during 10th plan MW
MW
1080
471
SIPAT STPP ST-I
1980
1320
444
VINDHYACHAL III
1000
500
168
BAV-II
37
37
16
Total
4097
1099
State Sector
GHATGHAR
250
250
250
SARDAR SAROVAR-2
(27%)
1450
1450
391.5
PARLI TPP ST-I
250
250
250
1950
2655
891.5
1444
1444
1444
1444
1444
1444
Total
Private Sector
DABHOL II
LNG
Total
Grand Total
3434.5
2.3.5 The anticipated power supply position at the end of 10th plan period i.e. 2006
shall be as under in Table 2.8.
Table 2.8
Anticipated power supply position
Peak
Demand
(MW)
Peak
Availability
(MW)
Peak
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (MW)
Peak
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (%)
Energy
Requirement
(MU)
Energy
Availability
(MU)
Energy
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (MW)
Energy
Deficit(-)/
Surplus
(+) (%)
16716
13271
-3445
-20.6
106892
85465
-21427
-20.0
2-9
2.4
BRIDGING THE GAP OF HYDRO POWER GENERATION

With a view to prioritize the large number of identified H.E. schemes to
harness the vast untapped hydro resources in the country ranking studies
have been carried out by Central Electricity Authority, Ministry of Power, Govt.
of India to take up H.E. projects in the order of their attractiveness for
implementation. Subsequently, after consultation process initiated by Ministry
of Power with various state agencies, CPSUs etc., it was considered
appropriate that Preliminary Feasibility Report (PFRs) of selected hydroelectric projects in Maharashtra State be taken up so that feasibility of the
schemes considered in ranking studies could be established.
The list of H.E. projects proposed for PFR studies in Maharashtra State is
given as under in Table 2.9.
Table 2.9
List of the Projects for Preparation of PFRs in Maharashtra State
1.
Wainganga H.E. Project
Godavari River Basin
2.
Samda H.E. Project
3.
Ghargaon H.E. Project
4.
Kunghara H.E. Project
5.
Pranhita H.E. Project
Pranhita River Basin
6.
Kadvi
Varna River Basin
7.
Kumbhi-I H.E. Project
Krishna River Basin
8.
Kasari-I H.E. Project
Kasari River Basin
9.
Hiranyakashi Vedganga H.E. Project
Vedganga River Basin
H.E. Project
2-10
In order to improve upon the share of hydro-power generation it is essential to

develop the hydro-power potential of the State to give further accelerated
growth to the Industrial expansion in the State and accordingly this report
presents the prefeasibility stage studies of the Wainganga H.E. Project,
located on the boundary of Gadchiroli and Chandrapur Districts of
Maharashtra State and is detailed in the following chapters.
2-11
CHAPTER - III
THE PROJECT AREA
3.1
GENERAL
The Wainganga H.E. Project is located on the Waingaga river which is one of
the major tributaries of Godavari river. The Wainganga river rises at
El 640.0 m in the Seoni District of Madhya Pradesh from the Western slopes
of Maikala Ranges which is continuation of the Satpura Ranges in Central
India. The river in its the initial reaches flow westwards and thereafter
southwards in M.P. State and continues to flow Southwards in Maharashtra
State. It is joined by the Wardha river at a place called Gundapet flowing from
the west, draining the major portion of the Maharashtra Plateau. Thereafter
the river is known as Pranhita river. The upper catchment area lies in the high
rainfall range of 2000-4000 mm. The Prahnita river joins the Godavari river on
the left bank which drains the Eastern Coast in Andhra Pradesh and flows out
to the Bay of Bengal. The Wainganga H.E. Project is the second major project
proposed on river Wainganga in the Maharashtra State, the first being
Gosikhurd Project (under construction) in the upper reaches of Wainganga.
The Wainganga H.E. project is proposed as a storage project followed by the
Run-of-the River schemes downstream to utilise the regulated discharges for
generation of power at the Samda, Ghargaon and Kunghara H.E. projects in a
cascade development for exploiting the hydropotential of the Waingaga river.
The Wainganga H.E. project is a Dam-toe power station and utilises the live
storage of 5155 M cum proposed to be created by a gravity dam with crest
gates in the main river reach flanked by earthen dam on both the flanks. The
Gravity Dam is located at river bed level of El 196.0 m near a village called
Daungar Saungi downstream of the confluence of the Khobragarhi Nadi
flowing from the east and joining on left bank. The Wainganga forms the
3-1
border of Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts flowing north-south in

Maharashtra State and the dam is located on the border of the two districts at
Latitude 20o 23 0 N and Longitude 79o 57 35 E.
3.2
CLIMATE
The sub-basin has a dense network of six meteorological stations located at
Chhindwara, Seoni, Gonda, Nagpur, Chandrapur and Brahmapuri. The
climate of the sub-basin is characterized by hot summer from March to May
with rainy season from June to September although the area has some rains
in post monsoon season also. The summer is slightly milder in the part subbasin in M.P. State than that lying in Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh
States. Mean daily maximum temperature varies from 26o-30o C in July to
32o-33o C in October and show a general increase from north to south and
from coast to up country in the west. The minimum daily temperatures varies
monthwise viz. 10o to 15o C in January, 22o to 26o C in August, 23o to 25o C in
July and 18o to 22o C in October. The wind velocity ranges from 3 to 7 km per
hour during Oct. to May and 8 to 10 km per hour from June to September
caused by South West monsoon.
The isohyte of 1500 mm passes the river parallely where the Dam-toe power
station is proposed.
3.3
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
The State is divided into 31 administrative districts spread over in 325 Tehsils
covering 41251 villages (excluding 2613 un-inhabitated villages) and 336
urban centres. About 70% of the population depend on agriculture. It has
21.662 M ha as gross cropped area with only 15.4% area as irrigated. The
3-2
Irrigation projects are generally multi-purpose having irrigation and hydropower components.
The State is the second most populous State in India with female ratio of 922
per 1000 males and population density has reached 314 per sq km (Census
2001). The literacy rates of 67.5% and 86.3% respectively have been
achieved among the female and male population. The same in Chandrapur
and Gadchiroli Districts is only at 2/3rd of the State averages. Urban
population constitue about 41%. The area under operation holding for
agriculture in the State has marginally declined but has shown relatively
higher cereal production.
The eastern districts covering Chandrapur, Gadchiroli and Bhandara have a
low population density of 116 persons per sq. km as against the State
average of 336 and constitute highest Schedule caste and Schedule tribe
population of 29.83% (1990-91 fig.). It has lateritic soils and grow mostly
coarse cereals The land holdings are small and the districts support large
forest boundary. However, the literacy rate in Chandrapur and Gadchiroli are
in the range of 30-45% and 45-60% respectively which are much lower than
the State averages.
The percentage of urban population in Gadchiroli is least (in the range of upto
10%) and Chandrapur has 25 to 50% urban population as compared to + 50%
for Pune area . The house hold size in the Chandrapur area, Gadchiroli
Districts are 4.57 and 4.83 as against 5.14 for whole of Maharashtra State.
3-3
CHAPTER IV
TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS
4.1
GENERAL
The Wainganga H.E. Project is located on the Waingaga river which is one of
the major tributaries of Godavari river. The Wainganga river rises at
El 640.0 m in the Seoni District of Madhya Pradesh from the Western slopes
of Maikala Ranges which is continuation of the Satpura Ranges in Central
India. The river in its initial reaches flow westwards and thereafter southwards
in M.P. State and continues to flow Southwards in Maharashtra State. It is
joined by the Wardha river at a place called Gundapet flowing from the west,
draining the major portion of the Maharashtra Plateau. Thereafter the river is
known as Pranhita river.
The project is located on the border of Gadchiroli and Chandrapur districts of
Maharashtra State envisages utilization of the water of the river Wainganga, a
tributary of Godavari for power generation on a storage type development,
harnessing a hydraulic head of about 25.4 m for generation of power with
installed capacity of 105 MW (5x21 MW).
The Wainganga in the project area has a very flat gradient of the order of 1 in
2500 and runs in a wide valley with width varying from 700 m to 1100 m. The
area is characterized by frequent rock exposures in the bed of the river and
along the flanks.
4-1
4.2
REGIONAL GEOLOGY
The essential geological unit covering most of the area comprises of granite
and granite gneisses which have been cut by later dykes comprising of
dolerite and other basic intrusives.
Interstratified with hornblende-schists
amphibolite bodies are well exposed in the Wainganga river section. Apart
from these a series of quartzite and schist comprising of Archean
metasedimentaries are also well exposed in the northeastern part of the area.
The mutual contact relationship of the different rock units are not very clearly
identifiable owing to thick forest and soil cover. Based on field observations
the stratigraphic succession of the area worked out is given below:
Recent to
Quartz vein/pegmatites
sub-Recent
Amphibolites
Archaean
Amgaon
Quartzites
Gneissic
Banded Iron Formation
Complex
Gneisses/migmatites
The general distribution of the different rock types and lithological variation is
well reflected in the topography of the area. Gneisses occupy the major area
and is the most prominent rock type which forms an undulatory topographic
expression of the area.
The resistant rock types such as amphibolites,
quartzites and Banded Iron Formation outcrop as prominent narrow ridges.

The younger granites and basic dykes and other intrusives on the other hand
have given rise to small domical hills in the area. Patches of low lying area
particularly in the western half have also developed from laterite capping over
the gneisses.
4-2
Gneisses/migmaties
Though these are the most abundant rock types in the area, they do not form
any conspicuous topographic feature due to their pronounced weathering. As
a result, outcrops are rare and are noticed only in the nala and river sections.
The rocks
show marked variation from a coarse grained-gneiss to fine-grained rock
within a short distance and become micaceous. These are often intruded by
pegmatite and quartz veins both across and along the plane of foliation.
In thin sections, the rock consists of quartz, felspar, biotite and the other
accessory minerals. The quartz shows undulatory extinction and at places is
granulated. The felspars are generally turbid due to alteration and both albite
and varying proportion of potash felspar are present. Biotite is the main dark
constituent, while minor amount of muscovite is also noticed. Apatite, epidote
and sphene occur in minor amounts. In some thin sections small ragged
crystals of hornblende are also noticed, which may perhaps be relict.
Banded Iron Formation
They are conspicuously exposed near Mohjhari, Purla, Armori in Kandesar
Pahar and in Khobragarhi river section. The outcrops near Mohjhari exhibit
well developed local anticlinal and synclinal folds with their fold axes trending
NNW-SSE to NE-SE, plunging 50 to 70 degrees towards NW. Finely banded
character and close folding are observed almost every where in these rocks.
The rocks are brownish grey in colour, fine grained, hard and compact and
consist of alternate layers of either magnetite or hematite and quartz. They
vary considerably in width, from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. These
layers are of different colours, from black through dark brownish red and light
red to brown. The quartz in some bands is cherty, in others it is relatively
4-3
coarse-grained. The bands display well developed joints and dislocate layers
at places. Minute veinlets of quartz and iron ore commonly cross the bedding.
The laminae at places pinch out sharply.
Quartzites
Quartzites constitute the prominent ridges near Dewalgaon, Dongarasaungi ,
Thanegaon, Akapur, Selda and Saigaon. They are white, buff, light brown
and bluish grey in colour. The brown shades in the rocks are attributable to
the decomposition of iron bearing minerals dispersed by surface water and
coating the grains and forming films in the cracks and crevices. These rocks
are, at places, micaceous, while some consist almost entirely of sheared
quartz. In texture they range from fine to coarse grained.
In thin sections, they are mainly composed of sheared quartz with small
quantity of muscovite, biotite and ore. The bluish quartzites from the hill SE
of Saigaon, contain mica and dusty inclusions of ore.
Amphibolites
They are interstratified with hornblende-schists in Wainganga river section,
south of Mendki and in most of the nala sections in the area.
These
amphibolite layers appear to be lensoid inclusions enclosed in the granitegneiss. The rocks are dark, and generally have a mottled appearance due to
the presence of felspar, quartz and light coloured epidote.
Thin veins of
quartz and pegmatite, showing minute folds are noticed in some of the
exposures.
In this sections they appear to be composed of a highly pleochroic, green,
acicular hornblende, showing a preferred orientation. Quartz and plagioclase
4-4
felspar occur in variable amounts, while minor amounts of garnet and ores are
also observed.
At places pegmatitic material has been injected into the hornblende-schists
and aphibolites along their planes of foliation, imparting a banded appearance
to these rocks. They show profused development of pink garnet ranging in
size from 0.2 to 1 centimetre across at Potesar-Ghat in Wainganga river.
Quartz Veins / Pegmatites
They are commonly noted intruding the gneisses all over the area. Good
exposures are however, noticed in Wainganga river near Katli, Halda, at the
confluence of Kholandi nala and the Wainganga river, and in the nala north of
Ekara. They consist essentially of coarse masses of quartz and felspar, the
latter being pink microcline.
Tourmaline and mica are occasionally
developed. Thin epidote veins are noticed in some of the hand specimens.
4.3
STRUCTURE AND TECTONICS

Foliation: The General trend of foliation in the Archaean suite of rocks veers
between NNW-SSE and WNW-ESE with steep dips either towards SW, SSW
or NE. At places, the trend of rocks changes to NNE-SSE with WNW dips
varying between 30 and 70 degrees.
Lineation: Linear arrangement of minerals in amphibolites show plunges of
20o to 30o from NW to West, while in gneisses, the lineation is parallel to the
plane of foliation.
Joints: Four sets of common joints displayed by Archaean suite of rocks are
(1) N800W-S80oE with vertical dip
4-5
(2) N45oE -S45oW

o
(3) N30 W-S30 E
(4) N10oW-So10oE with dip 25o towards N80oE.

Folds: The variation in strike and dip directions as indicated above, suggestS
a series of anticlinal and synclinal folds with their axes plunging between 30
and 50 degrees towards north-west. Such abrupt changes in strike and dip
directions are recorded in the nala sections near Padmapur, Mendki,
Gunjewahi and at the confluence of Wainganga-Khobragarhi rivers. Banded
magnetite-quartzites near the village Mohjhari, exhibit well developed local
anticlinal and synclinal folds with their axes plunging between 50 and 75
degrees towards WNW. Miniature folds are very common in hard compact
gneisses, amphibolites, quartzites and banded magnetite-quartzites, with
pegmatite
and
quartz
veins
traversing
the
amphibolites and display fine ptygmatic folds.
hornblende-schists
and
These are seen in the
Wainganga river section near Potesar. Puckering is observed in the quartzschists, on the hill west of Dewalgaon.
Shearing and crushing is very
conspicuous in the quartzites, resulting in their brecciated appearance. Thin

quartz veins ramifying in all directions are conspicuous in the brecciated
quartzites.
Faults : The brecciated quartzites, which are clearly the result of crushing and
shearing phenomena, form the narrow ridges tranding NNW to NW near
SeosagarTaluk, Rampur Jankapur and Akapur, and perhaps suggest a series
of fault zones.
4.4
SEISMOTECTONICS AND SEISMICITY

The project is located in the region forming Telangana region of Andhra
Pradesh and a small southeastern part of Maharashtra. The entire region
4-6
barring the southwestern part constitutes a segment of Godavari River Basin

with major tributaries such as Pranhita and Indravati, flowing south. The tract
between Warangal and Hyderabad forms the drainage 'divide between the
Godavari Basin in the northeast and Krishna River Basin in the south-western
part.
The area comprises two major tectonic domains viz. the eastern Dharwar
Craton and the southern most part of the Bastar Craton separated by the NW
trending Godavari Rift Basin. The Dharwar Craton in this part of the terrain is
represented by basement elements comprising gneisses and migmatites of
Peninsular
Gneissic
Complex
(with
vestiges
of
TTG
and
earliest
supracrustals) and the granulites, of Khammam Belt. The basement gneisses

are overlain by Meso-Proterozoic platform covers of Pakhal comprising the
shelf facies rocks, exposed all along the shoulder of Godavari Rift system. In
the northern part of this craton the basement as well as the cover rocks of
northwestern extremity of the Godavari Graben have been overplated by the
continental flood basalts of Late Mesozoic - early Cenozoic period.
Tectonically, the Bastar Cratonic domain in the sheet area presents a
heterogeneous picture in the sense that the terrain exposes the earliest
basement as well as the most recent alluvial covers. The basement of this
craton is represented by granite gneisses, with enclaves of earliest
supracrustals (Bengpal Group), the charnockites and khondalites of
Bhopalpatnam Granulite belt ; the folded bimodal volcanic suite of Nandgaon
Group and the homophanous granitoids of Dongargarh . The basement is
overlain by moderately deformed volcano-sedimentary covers in abortive rift
basins, represented by Abujmer Group of rocks. The other sedimentary
platform covers are undeformed shelf sediments, ranging in age from Late
Proterozoic to Early Palaeozoic occurring in small interior basins in the area.
4-7
The Godavari Graben, separating the Eastern Dharwar and Southern Bastar
Cratons represents a polycyclic rift system, probably initiating in the Middle
Proterozoic as evidenced by the Pakhal and Sullavai shelf sediments
preserved in the basin periphery deposited during the early aborted rift cycle.
The major part of this rift basin, at present, is represented essentially by
terrestrial
facies
cover,
(Gondwana
rocks)
with
occasional
marine
transgressive sediments. The Godavari Basin can be subdivided into two subbasins separated by the Mailaram high. The disposition of the Godavari
Graben is parallel to the tectonic grain of both Bastar and Dharwar Cratons,
and in the vicinity of both the eastern and western shoulders of the basin, it is
marked by northwest trending thin granulite belts. The basin however cuts
across the NE trending Eastern Ghat Granulite Belt.
The principal structural trend in the basement complex and ancient

supracrustal belts in both Dharwar and Bastar Craton is NNW-SSE to N-S.
The platform cover rocks occurring in the interior sag basins do not show
much deformation. The terrain is traversed by fairly dense network of NE and
NW and a few E- W trending lineaments. In the central part of the area the
Godavari Basin is bound by parallel en-echelon fault system, some of which
have affected both the basement and cover. Three major faults in the area
indicate neotectonic signature. They are WNW -ESE trending Kadam Fault,
the Kinnerasani -Godavari Fault with its splays and the Godavari Valley Fault.
The eastern margin of the Godavari Graben is bound by NNW -SSE trending
basin margin fault. The basin architecture is further controlled by a series of
horst and graben structure formed by longitudinal as well as transverse faults.
The western margin of the basin is however, not controlled by a continuous
boundary fault.
4-8
Seismicity of the terrain is mostly confined to the Godavari Basin, particularly

towards its southeastern end in the Bhadrachalam area. A total of 29 events
have been recorded from this region upto 1990. The strongest earthquake
with a magnitude of 5.3 was recorded in the region on the 13th April, 1969
with its epicentre close to Bhadrachalam. This earthquake was felt widely
even at Hyderabad, which is situated 200 km from epicentral region, and
caused considerable damage around Bhadrachalam. This earthquake was
followed by a number of aftershocks which were confined to a narrow zone of
10 and 20 km width, trending approximately NW -SE along the Godavari
Valley. The foci of the aftershocks were shallow and varied between 10 to 15
km. As per Map of India Showing Seismic Zones (IS-1893(Part-1)) the area is
located in Zone- II . Keeping the seismicity and seismo-tectonic set-up of area
in view it is suggested that suitable seismic coefficient be incorporated in the
designs of appurtenant structures of the scheme.
4.5
GEOLOGY OF THE PROJECT SITE

The Wainganga HE Project site was inspected on 21st January, 2004 and it
was observed that Wainganga river flows south / south-eastwards in the
project area with a width of about 1000 m in river reach.
The outcrops near river bed exhibit well developed local anticlinal and
synclinal folds with their fold axes trending NNW-SSE to NE-SE plunging 50
to 70 degrees towards NW. Finely banded character and close folding are
observed almost every where in these rocks. The rocks are brownish grey in
colour, fine grained, hard and compact and consist of alternate layers of either
magnetite or hematite and quartz. They vary considerably in width, from a few
millimeters to a few centimeters. These layers are of different colours, from
black through dark brownish red and light red to brown. The quartz in some
bands is cherty, in others it is relatively coarse-grained. The bands display
4-9
well developed joints and dislocate layers at places. Minute veinlets of quartz
and iron ore commonly cross the bedding. The laminae at places pinch out
sharply.
The dam site lies in a stable zone with shallow depth of overburden in the
river reach. The flat topography of the area has necessitated the provision of
a fairly long earthen dam. As the rocks is available at shallow depth, a positive
cut-off under the dam is recommended from seepage considerations.
4-10
CHAPTERV
HYDROLOGY
5.1
INTRODUCTION
The Pranhita river with its three principal branches viz, the Penganga, the
Wardha and the Wainganga is the largest tributary of the Godavari river. The
Wainganga after its confluence with the Wardha is called the Pranhita. As per
Godavari Water Dispute Tribunal (GWDT) report, the Pranhita sub-basin
comprises of the catchment area of river Wainganga from its source to its
confluence with the Wardha and the Pranhita upto its confluence with the
Godavari. The map of the sub-basin and its line schematic diagram are given
at Plate 5.1 and Plate 5.2 respectively. The sub-basin excluding the Wardha
and the Penganga rivers has a catchment area of 61819 sq km.
The proposed Wainganga H.E. Project site is located downstream
of
Gosikhurd project. The total catchment area at the proposed site is 43,658 sq
km while the catchment area of Gosikhurd is 34,862 sq km. Thus the free
catchment area between Gosikhurd and Wainganga H.E project site is 8,796
sq km.
5.2
DATA AVAILABILITY
5.2.1 Rainfall Data

Rainfall data of 41 raingauge stations in and around the sub-basin have been
considered for the present studies. The monthly rainfall data were obtained
from IMD from 1970 onwards till 1994-95 for majority of these stations.
The
missing rainfall data has been estimated using standard statistical methods.
5-1
The weighted average monthly rainfall has been computed for the period
using Thiessens Polygon method for the entire sub-basin i.e catchment upto
Ashti G&D site having a catchment area of 50,990 sq.km. The weighted
monthly rainfall of Pranhita sub-basin, catchment upto Ashti G&D site, using
the Thiessens weights and station rainfall were calculated. Similarly monthly
catchment rainfall upto Wainganga H.E site have been computed using the
Thiessens weights of influencing stations upto the proposed H.E site.
5.2.2 Gauge and Discharge Data
There are twelve Gauge and Discharge sites maintained by CWC in Pranhita
sub basin. The Ashti G&D site maintained by CWC is located just upstream of
confluence of river Wainganga with river Wardha and is about 95 km
downstream of proposed Wainganga dam site. The discharge data from the
year 1965-66 onwards is available.
However, data from 1970-71 onwards
has been utilized in the present studies. The catchment area at this G&D site
is 50,990 sq km which is 82.48 per cent of total catchment area of the subbasin. The data of this site has been used for developing the Rainfall-Runoff
model for the sub-basin and computing the runoff at the proposed H.E project
site.
5.3
UTILISATION
The planned utilisation from the existing projects in the Pranhita sub-basin
upto Wainganga H.E. Project is given below:
5-2
Table 5.1
Water Utilisation from Existing Projects
State
Projects
MP
Major, 2 Nos.
Annual Irrigation Annual

(ha)
utilisation
(MCM)
37197
256
Medium, 13 Nos.
38690
272
Minors
28218
127
104105
655
Major, 3 Nos.
169252
1489
Medium, 19 Nos.
57936
278
Minor
109024
928
336212
2695
State Total
Maharashtra
Total up to Wainganga H.E. Site
The planned utilisation of annual discharges for ongoing and contemplated

projects are utilised for this study. The actual utilisation data of existing major,
medium and minor projects upstream of Ashti G&D site have been taken from
NWDA study and WAPCOS study for Godavari basin. The upstream
utilisation are inclusive of evaporation losses. The regeneration due to
irrigation utilisation has been taken as 10 percent of utilisation on average
basis from existing major and medium projects. The seasonal and monthly
abstraction and regeneration at Ashti G&D site have been worked out and are
utilised in the study.
5.4
WATER AVAILABILITY STUDIES
5.4.1 Rainfall-runoff corelation

A Rainfall-Runoff model for each monsoon month has been developed by
regression analysis at the Ashti G&D site, using weighted catchment rainfall
5-3
and corresponding to the virgin flows for the period 1970-71 to 1994-95. The
best fitted equations / relations have been developed monthwise from June to
October.
5.4.2 Yield Assessment
Two alternatives have been considered for yield assessment as under :
Alternative I
Under this alternative, the monthly Rainfall-Runoff model developed for Ashti
G&D (CWC) site has been assumed to hold good
at the proposed
Wainganga H.E. site as at this site the catchment area covers 82.48 percent
of the Pranhita sub-basin area.
While assessing the catchment rainfall at
Wainganga H.E site, Thiessens polygons have been drawn using

respective
the
Thiessen weights. Rainfall series for each month have been
developed for the period 1970-71 to 1994-95. The virgin yields were then
computed using the monthly Rainfall Runoff model. The existing, ongoing
and proposed utilisations were then deducted to estimate the net annual
dependable flows at the Wainganga H.E site.
Alternative II
The observed monthly flows at Ashti G&D site were converted into virgin flows
at G&D site and reduced in catchment area proportion and catchment rainfall
proportion of Ashti G&D site and proposed H.E project site to yield virgin
flows and also net inflows at the proposed Wainganga H.E site.
5-4
The detailed computations of the yield study are presented in a separate

study Hydrological studies for Wainganga H.E. Project.
The dependable flows thus worked out under the two alternatives at
Wainganga H.E Project site are given as under :
50% dependable
Alternative I
(M cum)
6665.9
Alternative II
(M cum)
5527.9
75% dependable
3535.4
3269.7
90% dependable
2554.6
1932.4
The monthly yield series at Wainganga H.E. Project site from 1970-71 to
2001-02 are given in Annexure 5.1.
The Alternative II has been recommended as the net yields for this H.E.
project. This study is well within the limitations of the GWDT award. The
utilisation by this Hydro-electric project is of non-consumptive nature and does
not infringe any of the provisions of the award.
5.5
DESIGN FLOOD
The proposed Wainganga H.E. Project is located downstream of Gosikhurd
Project on the same river. The total catchment area above Wainganga H.E.
Project is 43,658 km2
out of which the catchment area 34,862 km2 is
intercepted by Gosikhurd Project.
For this H.E. Project it is proposed to
estimate the flood by unit hydrograph approach and by Regional Flood

Frequency Analysis.
Wainganga
The outflow hydrograph of Gosikhurd is routed at
dam site and the flood for the intermediate sub-catchments
5-5
between Gosikhurd and Wainganga have been superimposed for the

combined effect.
5.5.1 Unit Hydrograph Approach
i)
For the derivation of unit hydrograph, it is essential to use storms uniformly

distributed over the basin and producing direct runoff at uniform rate. For this
the large catchment area was sub-divided into sub catchments and the unit
hydrograph for each sub catchment was developed. The flood discharge at
the site is then estimated by combining the sub-basin floods, using flood
routing procedures. The inflow Hydrograph (PMF) having a peak flood 67,373
M3/Sec estimated for Gosikhurd Project is available in the Design Flood
Report of Gosikhurd Project. The inflow Hydrograph (PMF) at Gosikhurd is
assumed as outflow hydrograph for the purpose of estimating the flood at
proposed Wainganga H.E. Project.
The free catchment area of 8796 km2 between Gosikhurd and Wainganga H.E
sites has been divided into 4 sub catchments.
The area of these 4 sub
catchments are as under :

Sub Catchment I
The
catchment of Wainganga river between
Gosikhurd and Usarla has an area of 1195 km2.

Sub Catchment-II
The catchment of Ghulband tributary between

Gosikhurd Soni has an area of 3101 km2.
Sub Catchment-III
The catchment of Khobragarhi tributary upto the

confluence of Wainganga has an area 2156 km2.
Sub Catchment IV
The catchment lying
between Usarla and
proposed site of Wainganga H.E. Project has an

area 2344 km2.
5-6
CWC
has
carried
out
regional
flood
estimation
studies
for
hydrometeorologically homogeneous lower Godavari basin. On the basis of

rainfall and discharge data collected during monsoon for the gauged
catchments, representative one hour unit hydrographs have been developed
for each gauged catchment. The physiographic parameters of the catchment
and the parameters that describe their Unit hydrographs have been correlated
by regression analysis and equations for synthetic unit hydrograph for the
region are derived.
The Wainganga H.E. Project catchment lies in lower Godavari basin Sub zone
(3f).
The relevant relationships are used and the parameters of unit
hydrograph for the above 4 sub-catchments are computed.

ii)
The Probable Maximum Storm (PMS) value of one day for these 4 subcatchments are taken from Dam Safety Assurance and Rehabilitation Project
Generalised PMP Atlas CWC March 1998.
parameters
adopted
are
the
storm
Similarly, the other basic
distribution
based
on
IMD
recommendations for Gosikhurd project, base flow of 0.06 cumecs per sq km

and loss rate have been adopted based on Flood Estimation report of CWC.
The Probable Maximum Flood hydrograph is derived for each sub catchment
by convoluting the respective unit hydrograph and the incremental rainfall
excess from respective design storm.
The computations for Probable
Maximum Flood and the parameters of Unit Hydrograph for each subcatchment have been calculated.
The outflow flood hydrograph at Gosikhurd dam site having a peak flood of
67,373 m3/sec has been routed between the reach Gosikhurd and Usarla.
The peak of routed flood works out to 65,236 m3/sec.
There are 2 sub
catchments between Usarla and Gosikhurd namely; Sub-catchment I and
5-7
Sub-catchment
No.II.
The Probable Maximum Flood estimated for sub-
catchment No.I & II are added to the routed flood in order to estimate the
inflow at Usrala (Probable Maximum Flood hydrograph).
The flood hydrograph computed at Usarla site has been further routed in the
reach between Usarla and Wainganga dam site and the routed flood at
Wainganga site is computed as 63,329.2 m3/sec.
There are 2 sub-
catchments between Usarla and Wainganga Dam
sites namely; sub-
catchment No. 3 and sub catchment No. 4. The Probable maximum flood for
sub catchment No 3 & 4 have been estimated and are added to the routed
flood at Wainganga site to estimate the design flood (Probable Maximum
Flood) at Wainganga dam site which works out to 63,330 m3/sec.
Details of the computations are included in a separate report titled
Hydrological Studies of the Wainganga H.E. Project.
5.5.2 Flood Estimation by Regional Flood Frequency
The regional frequency curves are useful in estimating the flood for the
ungauged basins. Since such curves show the ratio of flood to the mean
annual flood against the return period, it is necessary to make an estimate of
the mean annual flood for the ungauged basin. A correlation is established
between the mean annual flood against the respective drainage areas of all
the gauging stations in the region. Homogeneity test is carried out for the
station in the region whose annual flood peak data are available. The station
which does not lie between the 95% confidence limit is not considered
homogenous. The flood for Wainganga H.E. Project has also been estimated
by required flood frequency method.
8 Nos. of the G&D stations in the
Pranhita and Wardha sub-basin have been considered in the regional

frequency analysis.
5-8
For the above G&D sites statistical checks such as; out lier test, stationarity
check, randomness check & chi-square test, etc. have been
before adoption.
All the above G & D stations
carried out
lay between the 95%
confidence limit and hence these are homogenous.

The station frequency curve for various return period has been constructed for
G&D sites namely; Ashti, Bamni, Ghugus, Pauni and Sirpur by Gumbels
method using Frequency factor.
The station frequency curve for stations
Tekra & Penganga have been constructed, using Chows Frequency Factor.
The Frequency Curve at Marlegaon has been constructed by Log-pearsons
Type-III distribution.
The mean annual flood for 2.33 year return period is computed for all the 8
G&D stations from the respective frequency analysis curve.
The ratio of
mean annual flood discharge for various return period of all the 8 G&D sites
have been worked out. From these ratios, the mean ratio of various return
period are worked out.
A correlation between the Ratio of Peak Discharge
to Mean Annual Flood and the Return period is established in order to

construct the Regional Frequency curve.
The control curves at 95%
probability have also been constructed.

The flood peak at Wainganga dam site has also been estimated by Station
Frequency Curve at Ashti G&D site on Pranhita river. The results of flood
computed for Wainganga Dam site by frequency Analysis are as under.
Details are given in the hydrology report under reference.
5-9
Return Period
Station Frequency
Curve M3/Sec.
Regional
Frequency Curve
M3/Sec
.
100 yr.
(Mean Curve)
32152
24591
(95% upper band)
40945
30266
500 yr.
40055
34650
(95% Upper band)
50736
41850
1000 yr.
42626
38435
(95% upper band)
55186
45900
10000 yr.
53081
50763
68537
57600
(Mean Curve)
(Mean Curve)
(Mean Curve)
(95% upper band)
5.5.3 Recommended Design Flood

As per I.S. criteria-11223 of 1985 the inflow design flood for Wainganga H.E.
Project should be the Probable Maximum flood.
The Probable Maximum
Flood of 63,330 m3/sec. is recommended for the design of spillway for the prefeasibility purposes. The flood studies will be revised after collection of
relevant short term discharge & storm data at the time of preparation of the
Detailed Project Report.
5.6
SEDIMENTATION
Wainganga H.E project is a storage project. Accordingly as per BIS 1218187, the sedimentation studies have been carried out to estimate the New Zero
Elevation expected after 70 years of siltation and the revised elevation area
capacity after 25 years of sedimentation. The New Zero Elevation after 70
years of siltation has been assessed as 208.4 m assuming a siltation rate of
5-10
4.78 Ha m/100 sq km/year as per
CWC Compendium on Silting of
Reservoirs. The detailed sedimentation studies are included in a separate

Report on Hydrological Studies for Wainganga H.E. Project.
5.7
RECOMMENDATIONS & LIMITATIONS

(1)
A G-D site need to be established near the proposed H.E project site
for realistic assessment of dependable yield and the design flood.
(2)
A self recording raingauge station may also be established in the

catchment.
(3)
Gosikhurd project is an ongoing project upstream of proposed

Wainganga H.E.Project. The series may alter slightly in short time
step after completion of the Gosikhurd project due to operating policy
of the Gosikhurd reservoir, but on annual basis, the variation in
dependable flows will be small.
5-11
Annexure 5.1
Monthly Yield Series at Wainganga H. E. Project
(in Catchment and rainfall proportion from Asti G&D Site)
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Year
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
1986-87
1987-88
1988-89
1989-90
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
Sep.
Oct.
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
474.64 2511.46 6097.52 4752.37

281.77
381.61
596.83 1225.67
11.03
303.55
951.54
591.93
32.15 4161.49 3532.34 3137.22
21.28
206.68 1251.73
126.74
1202.92 3069.26 5250.92 3648.51
25.43 1197.21 1760.69 1702.54
606.52 2190.14 2689.27 3023.53
267.18 3165.69 6933.44 1886.42
369.13
606.12 2469.89
265.66
259.79 1664.16 4680.10 2064.05
274.68 2018.84 3892.36 2051.34
80.15
358.10 1136.73
471.60
145.11 1371.35 4671.06 4722.72
52.22
411.46 2534.92
311.48
58.04
381.65 2331.16
310.70
843.04 2540.35 3802.78
559.84
2.30
419.38
555.39
399.17
240.67 1849.16 2070.23 1275.05
104.01
380.76
644.30
431.63
628.70 2857.61 3364.30 2596.79
82.00 1041.13 2830.11 1295.63
116.29
681.92 4687.41 1063.95
210.48 2325.35 3180.30 2148.57
676.55 13159.58 10126.69 12349.87
102.22 1566.07 1309.44 1732.99
64.09
343.31
795.96
471.81
67.59
754.75 1443.40 1139.34
107.38
710.55 1054.22 1874.63
533.91 1085.50 4243.46 5996.60
130.58 1756.09
874.47
349.45
853.94 1202.20 2708.43
346.03
June
July
Aug.
536.37
443.25
54.38
1997.75
299.78
1356.19
34.07
697.32
304.78
118.29
287.61
1002.90
178.09
1453.59
129.36
124.85
191.06
186.68
586.44
110.53
1442.30
147.98
122.51
1290.37
1436.04
394.03
142.90
303.89
364.73
2335.34
104.34
383.06
131.91
69.78
24.22
427.24
82.02
341.38
68.44
586.54
101.19
27.39
67.79
179.56
81.59
153.87
32.90
31.01
88.35
24.77
201.08
33.41
210.91
25.96
31.98
173.48
864.86
72.99
48.65
123.69
298.09
278.62
24.01
44.83
61.53
26.78
20.93
147.58
22.99
92.72
28.49
214.57
164.25
10.62
35.86
62.70
18.30
77.57
13.03
9.21
45.51
11.80
47.27
5.74
94.08
10.73
23.66
3385.92
149.78
39.16
13.84
353.92
65.40
116.42
9.71
20.60
48.38
15.40
3.95
50.91
8.78
41.17
16.88
65.07
53.58
11.78
29.55
43.04
12.78
99.77
19.72
16.71
66.51
7.22
20.87
1.84
87.82
10.30
16.34
59.26
145.60
33.76
13.68
176.85
45.35
92.56
8.51
11.62
28.50
9.95
6.28
12.71
7.62
36.65
9.37
74.13
182.92
6.70
19.08
45.07
7.12
64.50
16.24
14.31
32.13
5.97
14.22
3.88
66.68
6.81
17.74
34.59
81.12
27.50
8.94
126.13
31.09
68.65
3.07
9.21
Mar
Apr
Units: Mm3
May Annual
34.75
21.05
23.03
5.06
1.88
1.06
3.93
2.17
1.57
15.75
10.94
9.19
7.77
2.73
0.95
18.05
16.61
12.79
8.13
5.20
4.99
47.12
27.98
32.30
209.76
11.06
13.77
5.60
2.69
1.37
19.09
8.64
14.88
21.69
15.72
12.41
6.50
1.43
2.10
37.13
16.15
15.26
14.48
2.40
1.60
5.28
0.87
1.12
37.88
25.34
6.85
4.09
2.38
1.91
24.87
12.83
11.46
2.18
0.91
8.58
78.46
28.45
84.94
6.49
3.10
2.47
16.49
2.04
5.35
18.32
15.99
9.82
128.62
95.23
64.60
19.38
9.33
6.01
5.08
3.25
2.41
37.34
32.32
23.83
24.23
14.53
12.93
45.46
31.42
32.22
1.91
1.34
1.19
6.73
4.13
2.46
90 % Dependable Yield
14721.49
3059.04
1975.46
13535.28
2039.08
15087.18
4861.44
10254.49
13294.03
3895.25
9150.59
9620.32
2354.48
12828.08
3539.81
3284.92
8239.64
1621.07
6354.15
1727.79
11541.04
5462.72
6785.68
12852.45
39278.55
5312.90
1913.92
4583.04
4603.11
14860.15
3264.66
5593.25
1932.38
3269.72
5527.99
CHAPTER-VI
CONCEPTUAL LAYOUT AND PLANNING
6.1
INTRODUCTION
Wainganga H.E. project envisages the construction of a 6030 m long and 32
m (above the deepest river bed level) high composite concrete gravity and
earthen dam located at longitude 79o 57 35 E and latitude 20o 23 0 N with
FRL at 222.4 m across Wainganga river near village Daungar Saungi on the
left bank of the river. The river bed level at the proposed dam location is 196
m (approx.). The power house is proposed at the toe of the power dam on the
right bank of the river. The project envisages the utilization of the maximum
gross head of 25.4 m and live storage of 5155 M cum between MDDL & FRL
to generate hydro-power with installed capacity of 105 MW (5x21 MW). A
tailrace channel 300 m long discharge the water back into Waingaga.
6.2
LAYOUT STUDIES
6.2.1 CEA in its initial planning had envisaged the construction of a 24.9 m high
dam with FRL at El 222.4 m & MDDL at El 214 m just downstream of
confluence of Khobragarhi with Wainganga where the river bed level is about
197 m. The power house was proposed to be a dam toe structure operating
under average gross head of 22.1 m with a firm power generation of 59 MW.
An optimum generating capacity of 150 MW was envisaged with annual
energy generation of 517 GWh and 687 GWh in 90% and 50% dependable
flow yield series respectively.
6.2.2 The dam site near Daungar Saungi is kept at the same location as specified in
CEA studies. At this site a composite concrete gravity structure in the main
6-1
river reach with earthen dams on both the flanks are proposed considering the
requirement of spillway, power house and total length of the dam in the valley.
6.2.3 Based on the toposheet studies and site visit by WAPCOS team the
alignment of dam axis has been optimally fixed so as to optimize the total
requirement of construction materials for earthen dams in the flanks. Based
on above, a kink in the alignment of dam axis has been provided in the right
flank.
6.2.4 The FRL of the reservoir has been fixed keeping in view the optimum
utilization of storages for power generation purposes as well as from
submergence considerations of main towns/settlements. Provision for dykes
for protecting main towns/settlements from the reservoir spread has also been
considered in formulation of the scheme.
6.2.5 The releases from the project are planned from power considerations, as no
irrigation schemes on main Wainganga are proposed downstream in near
future as per discussions with State Irrigation Authorities. However, some
irrigation schemes on the tributaries of Wainganga are proposed which may
not affect the functioning of Wainganga as a power project.
6.3
DIVERSION STRUCTURE
6.3.1 General
A 32 m high (above deepest river bed level) composite concrete gravity and
earthen dam is proposed as the main diversion structure near Daungar
Saungi village on river Wainganga. The dam is proposed to be located at
Latitude 20o 23 0 N and Longitude 79o 57 35 E. The dam is proposed to be
6030 m long with an
ogee spillway 796 m long and two concrete non-
6-2
overflow blocks on right side of the spillway blocks of 20 m each. Five power
dam blocks and two NOF blocks of a total length of 140 m are proposed on
the right side of the spillway. An earthen section of 3648 m length with
maximum height 31 m shall be provided on the right flank and 1366 m long
earthen section with maximum height
32 m on left bank
in view of the
availability of earth materials in the vicinity of dam site and in reservoir area.
Keeping in view the topographical features and the preliminary geo-technical
assessment of the alignment, the spillway is proposed to be located in the
main river reach.
The proposed dam shall have FRL at El 222.4 m, MWL at El 223.0 m and
MDDL at El 212.0 m. The top of dam is kept at EL 228.0 m with provision for
computed freeboard of 5.6 m above FRL. The maximum reservoir fetch has
been computed as 40 km. The proposed dam shall have a submergence area
of 87496.84 ha at FRL and a live storage of 5155 M cum between FRL and
MDDL.
6.3.2 Spillway Overflow Section
The length of the main dam at top is 6030 m which include spillway, concrete
non- overflow blocks, power dam blocks and earthen flank on either side of
the spillway. Gated ogee type of spillway with crest at EL 210 m and gate size
of 20 m x 12.5 m are proposed. The spillway and the concrete Non-overflow
(NOF) blocks are proposed to be founded on competent rock in the middle of
the river. The total length of the spillway is 796 m which comprises 33 bays of
20 m clear waterway, each separated by piers of 4 m thickness. The spillway
has been designed for routed PMF of 60656 cumec. Three number extra
bays have been provided over the required 30 number bays for additional
factor of safety on consideration of 10% gates inoperative as per codal
requirement. Considering the tail water conditions and the anticipated rock
6-3
condition at the dam site, stilling basin type of energy dissipation has been
proposed. The spillway is flanked by 2 nos 20 m long NOF blocks on left side
for providing wrap arounds of the dykes. On the right side of the spillway
power dams and two concrete NOF blocks have been provided besides
earthen dam sections on either side.
The spillway structure as well as NOF blocks have been zoned with different
grades of concrete. The spillway and NOF blocks are provided with a 6.0 m
wide road. Radial gates are provided for the spillway and the trunnion has
been located at an elevation above the maximum water profile over the ogee.
A foundation gallery of size 2.0 m x 2.5 m is proposed in the spillway and in
the NOF portion. The gallery will be located at a distance of 3.0 m above the
foundation level. The gallery will serve the purpose of foundation curtain
grouting and drainage and will also house the measuring instruments.
Details of Typical Section of Concrete Dam are indicated in Drg. No.
WAP/PFR/WAINGANGA/1005/R1.
6.3.3 Earthen Dam
About 5014 m length of the main dam will be zoned type earthen section with
a vertical central imperious core.
3648 m long earthen dam section with
maximum 31 m height shall be provided on the right flank and about 1366 m
long earthen section with maximum height 32 m shall be provided on left
flank.
The top level of earthen dam has been kept at El 228 m which is the same as
provided in the concrete Non-overflow sections. The top width is kept as 6.0
m. Vertical central impervious core with upstream and downstream slopes of
6-4
0.35 (H) to 1(V) is proposed with minimum top width of 3.0 m. The top of core
section is kept 2.0 m above the MWL. A graded inclined filter 1m thick is
provided in the downstream face of impervious core followed by horizontal
filter near the base to drain seepage water through the Rock Toe to the
longitudinal drain at the toe of Rock toe.
Upstream face is proposed to be protected by 1.0 m thick riprap extending
well below MDDL. Downstream face of the dam is protected by provision of
turfing from erosion considerations.
The earthen dam section has been provided with two rows of curtain grouting
in addition to any special treatment works for geological discontinuities
encountered, if any.
The maximum section has been checked for stability in accordance with the
relevant Indian standards. The earthen dam will be provided with requisite
instrumentation network. The details of Earthen dam sections are indicated in
Drg. No WAP/PFR/Wainganga-I/1004/R1.
6.4 POWER DAM
The length of the power dam blocks is 100 m with 5 blocks of 20 m length
each, and is located in the non overflow section on the right bank. This will
accommodate 5 Nos. power intakes with trashracks on its face. The deepest
foundation level is at El 196 and the maximum height from foundation to top of
dam is 32 m. The top width will be 6.0 m. The penstock of 5.0 m diameter are
embedded in the body of power dam.
6-5
6.5 POWER INTAKE

5 Nos. Intake structures for diverting the total design discharge of 595.82
cumec are proposed on the face of Power dam blocks on the right bank of the
river
at NSL of
El 200 m. The invert level of the intake trashracks
is
proposed at El 202 m and the top of the trashrach is kept at El 222.4 m i.e at
FRL. The intake structure is assumed to have semicircular entrances with
intake emergency gate on upstream face of the dam & then a smooth gradual
transition from rectangular shape to the circular penstock.
The centre line of the intake at entry is proposed at El 206.0 keeping in view
the minimum water cushion requirement below the MDDL (El 212.0 m).
Though New Zero Elevation after 70 years is assessed as El 208.4, the
Centre line of intake is kept at El 206.0 m keeping in view the fact that
sedimentation studies do not take into account the ongoing upstream storage
project (Gosikhurd project). Further the provision of crest of spillway at El
210.0 m much below the FRL (El 222.4 m) would help in flushing of the
accumulated silt in the reservoir.
The velocity through 5.0 dia penstock is limited to around 7.5 m/sec. Provision
of a larger dia would have necessitated raising of the MDDL (from minimum
water cushion requirement) thereby reducing the live storage as the FRL can
not be raised beyond El 222.4 m from submergence considerations.
Five number inclined penstocks of diameter 5.0 m each, and 70 m long
through the body of the power dam are proposed. Provision of vertical lift
gates of size 5.5 m x 5.5 m is provided in the body of the power dam from
maintenance considerations. These gates will be operated by a gate hoisting
structure at El 228 m.
6-6
The details of Intake structure and Power dam block are indicated in Drg. no.
6.6
POWER HOUSE
The power house is located below the toe of the power dam in right flank.
This power house will have 5 units of 21 MW each operating under a
maximum gross head of 25.4 m. The rated head of turbines is proposed as
19.74 m. It is proposed to install 5 no. vertical axis Kaplan turbines in the
power house with
centre line at El 194.7 m which is 2.3 m below the
minimum tail water level (El 197.0 m).

The power house building will be 20.5 m wide and 121 m long including
service bay of 25 m length. 1 Nos. EOT cranes of 150/15 tonnes capacity is
proposed to run along two crane beams supported on columns along B and
D lines.
A draft tube deck is provided at El 200.00 m with gate groove openings for the
draft tube gates. The hoisting mechanism for these gates would be by means
of a gantry provided with lifting beam. A suitable rail track will be provided for
movement of the gantry. A storage arrangement for the draft tube gates,
when not in use, will be provided in the form of grooves below the deck
approach. These groves will be located in the line of rail track for movable
gantry. The gates will be hung in these grooves and covered with chequered
steel plates.
The transformer deck will be provided upstream of main powerhouse building
for installation of transformers. The service bay will be approached by an
approach road connected to the nearest existing road.
6-7
The X-section and Plan of Power House are indicated in Drg. Nos.
WAP/PFR/WAINGANGA/1006/R1 & 1007/R1.
6.7
TAIL RACE
The tail waters from the draft tubes will be led to a tail pool. The bottom
elevation of tail pool near the draft tubes shall be at 185.9 m and the tail pool
floor will be given a reverse slope of 1 in 5 till it reaches an elevation of 196.0
m.
The bottom of the tail pool will be designed for uplift pressure when
empty. Depending upon the site conditions either the base slab will be
anchored to the foundation rock (if available) or suitable underdrainage by
pressure release valves along with inverted filter will be provided.
After the tail pool a tail race channel shall be provided upto the river. This
tailrace channel about 300 m long will have a bed slope of 1:750 and a full
supply depth of 3 m. The tail race shall be a trapezoidal lined section with
bed width of 60.0 m and a side slope of 1 in 2.0 till it joins the river.
6.8
ELECTRICAL / ELECTRO-MECHANICAL WORKS

The proposed 105 MW WAINGANGA Hydro-Electric Project would be
Storage type development. The installed capacity would be provided by 5
nos. Kaplan, Vertical axis turbine driven generating units of 21 MW each
housed in a surface powerhouse. It is proposed to provide Inlet Valve of
Butterfly type for each turbine, which would be accommodated in the
powerhouse.
The generation voltage of 11 kV would be stepped up to 220 kV through three
phase 26 MVA, 11/220 kV step up transformer for each unit located adjacent
to upstream wall of the power house. The 11 kV isolated phase busducts
6-8
would connect the 11 kV generator terminals with 11 kV bushings of step up

transformers. The 220 kV bushings of the transformers would be connected
with 220 kV outdoor switchyard located near the power house.
The arrangement of generating equipments, unit step up transformers, etc. is
indicated in the drawings No. WAP/PFR/WAINGANGA/1006/R1 & 1007/R1.
The power generated would be evacuated through one double circuit 220 kV
transmission line.
The single line diagram is shown in Drgs. No.
6.9
BRIEF PARTICULARS OF EQUIPMENTS
6.9.1 Turbine and Governor

The upstream levels, tailrace levels and heads available for power generation
are indicated below:
i)
ii)
iii)
Upstream Levels
FRL
EL 222.4 m
MDDL
EL 212.0 m
Tailrace Levels
Maximum
EL 198 m
Minimum
EL 197 m
Heads
Maximum net head
22.86 m
Minimum net head
12.60 m
Rated head
19.74 m
6-9
The specific speed of the turbine determined as 514 rpm corresponding to

head of 19.74 m leads to the choice of Kaplan turbine for this station. The
turbine would be suitably rated to provide 21 MW at generator terminals at
rated head of 19.74 M. The speed of turbine has been determined as 125.0
rpm. The centre of turbine runner has been set at EL 194.7 m, 2.3 m below
the minimum TWL which is at EL 197.0 m. The governor would be electrohydraulic digital PID type suitable for fully automatic control. The closing time
of wicket gates would be so adjusted so as not to increase the speed rise and
pressure rise more than 45% and 30% respectively under full load throw off
condition.
6.9.2 Main Inlet Valve
It is proposed to provide Inlet Valve of the Butterfly type for each turbine as
second line of defence in stopping the water flow to the turbine when due to
governor malfunctioning, the generating units may tend to go to runaway
speed. During the time when the generating unit is under stand still condition,
it would help in minimizing the water leakage through the wicket gates of the
turbine. The opening of the valve would be achieved through pressurized oil
servomotor and closing through counter weight.
6.9.3 Generator and Excitation System
The generator shaft would be directly coupled with the turbine shaft. The
bearing arrangement would be umbrella type with combined thrust and guide
bearings below the rotor only. The generator would be of the closed air circuit
water-cooled type.
The main parameters of the generator would be as
indicated below:
6-10
i)
Rated out put
21 MW
ii)
Power factor
0.9 lag
iii)
Speed
125 rpm
iv)
Class of Insulation of
stator and rotor winding
Class 'F'
Generation Voltage
11 kV
v)
The generators would be provided with static excitation equipment and

voltage regulator. Necessary power for excitation would be provided by
tapping the generator terminals.
Necessary fire/temperature. detectors and
two banks of CO2 cylinder would be provided for fire protection of the
generator. Optimisation of generation voltage would need to be carried at
DPR stage.
6.9.4 Unit Step-Up Transformer
Three phase 26 MVA, 11/220 kV transformer, would be provided for each
generating unit . The transformers would be located outside near upstream
wall of powerhouse.
The 11 kV bushing of the transformers would be
connected with 11 kV terminals of generator through 11 kV busducts. The 220

kV bushings would be connected with 220 kV outdoor switchyard located near
the upstream wall of powerhouse through link lines.
6.9.5 EOT Crane
The heaviest equipment which the powerhouse crane is required to handle
during erection and subsequently during maintenance is the generator rotor.
The weight of the generator rotor has been estimated to be about 120 tonnes.
It is proposed to provide the one EOT crane of 150/15 tonnes capacity each.
6-11
6.1.5 Auxiliary Equipment and Systems for the Power House

Following equipments for the auxiliary systems of the powerhouse would be
provided:
i)
Cooling water system for turbines, generators, unit step up

transformers etc.
ii)
Drainage System
iii)
Dewatering system
iv)
High pressure compressed air equipment for governor and MIV etc.
v)
Low pressure compressed air equipment for station services
vi)
415 V LTAC supply system comprising station service transformers,

unit auxiliary transformer, station service board, unit auxiliary boards
etc.
vii)
D.C. supply system comprising 220 V DC battery, chargers, DC

distribution boards etc.
6.10
viii)
Ventilation system for the power house
ix)
Air conditioning system for control room, conference room etc.
x)
Illumination system
xi)
Earthing system
xii)
Oil handling system
xiii)
Power and control cables
xiv)
Fire protection system
20 KV SWITCHYARD
It is proposed to provide 220 kV Outdoor Switchyard on the upstream side
near the power house having 9 bays, 5 bays for generator incomings, 2 bays
for 220 kV transmission lines, 1 bay for step down transformer and 1 bay for
6-12
bus coupler. The double bus bar arrangement has been proposed which
would provide flexibility and reliability in the operation of the plant.
6.11
OBSERVATIONS OF CEA & CWC

The Draft Report of this project was submitted to CEA for perusal during
February 04. The observations from the various directorates of CWC and
CEA on the civil and electrical aspects have been considered and taken care
in this report. The detailing has been kept to the possible extent as the report
pertains to the preliminary feasibility stage studies.
6-13
CHAPTER VII
POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES
7.1
GENERAL
The power potential studies have been carried out for Wainganga Hydel
Scheme located in Maharashtra State. The projected power supply position
for 11th Plan indicates that there would be shortage of peak power in Western
Region. The execution of this project would help in reducing the gap between
supply and demand of power.
7.2
TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT
The project has been planned as storage based development. The features
of the scheme would be as follows :
-
FRL
EL 222.4 M
MDDL
EL 212 M
Storage at FRL
5995.24 Mcum
Storage at MDDL
840.24 Mcum
Live Storage
5155.00 Mcum
The MDDL has been fixed keeping the requirement of minimum cushion of
water above the HRT to rule out air entrainment into the HRT. The FRL has
been determined to provide maximum feasible storage. The level v/s capacity
characteristics for the storage are indicated in Annex. 7.1.
7-1
7.2.1 Fixation of Tailrace Water Level (TWL)

The minimum tail water level (Minimum TWL) which corresponds to discharge
of one generating unit at 10% load has been determined as EL 197.0 M. The
Maximum TWL is fixed at EL 198 M which corresponds to discharge of water
with all the units running at full load and is 0.5 m higher than the FRL of
Samda H.E. Project which is being planed downstream of this Project.
7.3
WATER AVAILABILITY
The available data of water flows on 10 daily basis has been analysed in
Chapter No. 5 on hydrology. Water flows series for 31 years (1970-71 to
2000-01) has been utilized for power potential studies and is indicated in
Annexure 7.2.
The month wise data for the evaporation losses which has been used in
calculation of power potential, is given below :
Month
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Evaporation Losses
(mm)
85
135
200
248
362
236
133
109
103
113
100
75
7-2
7.4
TYPE OF TURBINE
Kaplan turbine is the appropriate choice in this case considering rated head of
19.74 m.
The following efficiencies pertaining to Kaplan turbine driven
generating unit have been considered for power potential studies :

-
Efficiency of Turbine
93.5%
Efficiency of Generator
98.0%
Combined efficiency of
91.63%
turbine and generator

7.5
RESERVOIR SIMULATION STUDIES
7.5.1 The hydrology series from 1970-71 to 2000-01 has been considered to carry
out the Reservoir simulation studies on carry over basis. The reservoir levels
have been varied depending upon the quantum of water in the reservoir. Tail
Water Level as has been kept constant at average level of EL 197.5 M. The
friction losses in the water conductor system has been taken as 10%.
7.5.2 The pattern of water availability on monthly basis reveals that the water
availability in the month of June also corresponds to lean flow and the effect
of rains in increasing the water availability starts from the month of July
onwards. The hydrological year for reservoir simulation studies, therefore,
has been considered from the month of July to June.
7.5.3 The reservoir operation has been simulated to work out firm power based on
90% dependability criterion. Allowing two failures in total period of 31 years,
the optimum firm energy generation works out to 153.3 million units
corresponding to firm power capacity of 17.50 MW. The results are indicated
in Annexure 7.3.
7-3
7.6
INSTALLED CAPACITY
7.6.1 As discussed above, the firm power works out to be 17.50 MW. The peak
period is about 4 hours to supply power during peak hours, the installed
capacity would need to be about 105 MW. During lean flow period the plant
would run in peaking hours only. In rainy months, however the plant would
run for longer period depending upon the water availability.
7.6.2 Keeping in view the system requirement installed capacity of 105 MW is
considered optimum.
7.7
NO. OF GENERATING UNITS

Regarding number of units to be installed for the storage based scheme; there
are three options :
1.
3 units of 35 MW each
2.
4 units of 26.25 MW each.
3.
5 units of 21 MW each
Although the first and second options would be preferable from economic
consideration but there could be problems in transportation of generating
equipment for this low head plant. Third option of providing five units of 21
MW each may cost slightly more but it would increase the reliability of power
supply and provide more flexibility in part load operation, besides ease of
transportation due to relatively small size of generating units. Considering
above factors, it is proposed to select the third option i.e. 5 units of 21 MW
each.
7-4
The turbine would be suitably rated to provide 21 MW at generator terminals.

The speed of the generating unit has been determined as 125 rpm.
7.8
RESULTS OF STUDIES
Annual energy generation has been computed for all the 31 years (1970-71 to
2000-01) with installed capacity 105 MW and is indicated in Annex. 7.4
(page 1/31) to 7.4 (page 31/31). The annual firm power generation (excluding
failure years i.e. 1972-73 and 1989-90) is computed as 153.3 million units.
The average annual generation considering secondary energy generation
works out to 246.146 Million units. The result of power potential studies are
summarized in Annex. 7.3.
7.9
INCREASED GENERATION AT DOWN STREAM PROJECT DUE TO

WAINGANGA
Due to regulated releases from Wainganga, it would be possible to have
increased generation at down stream projects at Samda (ROR scheme),
Ghargaon (Storage scheme), Khungara (ROR scheme) and Pranhita (Storage
scheme) projects.
7.10
CONCLUSION
Wainganga H.E. Project is proposed to be a storage based development.
Installation of 105 MW comprising of five units of 21 MW each, would be
necessary to derive optimum benefits.
The project would afford average
annual energy generation of 246.146 million units. It would be possible to

have additional generation on the down stream projects due to regulated
releases from Wainganga H.E Project.
7-5
7.11
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDIES

The following additional study would need to be carried out at DPR stage :
i)
The storage at FRL and MDDL should be computed with more

accuracy based on the data of topographic survey.
ii)
The FRL should be optimized considering incremental costs of dam,

other works as well as addition expenditure to be incurred to mitigate
impact due to submergence v/s incremental energy generation.
iii)
Tail rating curve should be prepared to change the Tail Water Level
corresponding to discharge from the turbine.
iv)
Number of generating units should be optimised keeping in view the

transport limitations, and requirement of part load operations etc.
7-6
CHAPTER - VIII
POWER EVACUATION
8.1
ABOUT THE PROJECT

The Wainganga HE Project is proposed on river Godavari in Maharashtra
State. The site is located at Latitude of 200 .30'. 00" North and Longitude of
800.15'. 00"East.
8.2
POWER SCENARIO IN MAHARASHTRA

Maharashtra is leading state in Power Development viz
-
Highest installed capacity in country
Biggest Transmission & Distribution network including 400 kV Ring

mains system linking 400 kV sub-stations for bulk power transmission
Fully computerized load dispatch centers for data collection all over the
state for supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)
100% villages electrified in state
Energization of highest number of Agricultural pumps (2327716) in the

country.
The power requirement in Maharashtra excluding Mumbai is served by

Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB). The Mumbai area is served by
three power utilities Tata Power Company Ltd., BSES Ltd. and BEST. The
state utility known as Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) is the sole
responsible
organization
for
management
of
electricity
generation,
transmission and distribution in the state. The per capita energy consumption
in Maharashtra is 667 Kwh which is higher than all India average of 335 Kwh.
8-1
Power Finance Corporation is providing technical and financial assistance to

the Government of Maharashtra for power reforms.
MSEB will be
restructured in order to promote and encourage efficiency, autonomy and

accountability in decision making and functional specialization.
GOM
proposed to corporatize MSEB into separate generation, transmission and

distribution companies. To ensure managerial and operational autonomy in
new companies, GOM will ensure that Directors on the board of the
generation, transmission and distribution companies are appointed exclusively
on the basis of merit.
The transmission network of Maharashtra is given at Annexure 8.1.
The transmission company will be responsible for transmitting power from the
generating company(s) and other sources of generation available to the state
for further supply to the distribution companies. It will also look after the state
load dispatch enters.
8.3
STATE POWER SECTOR STATISTICS

The projected Energy requirement & Peak load for Maharashtra at the end of
9th and 11th plan is indicated as below :
Energy Requirement
(MU)
Plan 2001-02
2011-12
2001-02
Peak Load
(MW)
2011-12
End of 9th Plan
End of 11th Plan
End of 9th Plan
End of 11th Plan
82921
158229
13147
25087
The installed capacity available to state is as given below :
8-2
Share in Central Sector
2027.90 MW
State Sector
9772.52 MW
Private Sector
3409.80 MW
Total
15210.27 MW
MSEB has the largest Transmission & Distribution (T&D) network is the
country with 6.67 lakhs ckt. Kms. The energy sale has grown from346 MU in
1960-61 to an estimated 37,067 MU in 2001-02. MSEB has been able to
meet the base demand through improvement in generation efficiencies and
procurement of power but the state faces a shortage in meeting peaking
requirements.
The
present condition of Peak Demand/Peak Met of Maharashtra
is as
follows:
Period
Peak Demand
(MW)
April-Nov. 2003 14211
Peak Met
(MW)
11282
Surplus/Deficit
(MW) (%)
-2929
-20.6%
Similarly, the actual power supply position of Maharashtra is as below :

Period
Requirement
Availability
Surplus/
Surplus/
(MU)
(MU)
Deficit
Deficit
(-) MU
(%)
April-Nov. 2003 56558
51423
-5135
-9
8-3
8.4
ARRANGEMENT FOR EVACUATION OF POWER FROM WAINGANGA

HEP
The 105 MW power generated at 11 kV at Wainganga HEP will be stepped
upto 220 kV by unit step-transformers. The power would be transmitted to the
proposed 220/132 kV sub-station near Chandrapur which would be connected
to state grid.. Proposed line from Wainganga H.E.P for evacuation of power
is shown at Annexure-8.2.
8.5
ROUTE LENGTH AND COSTING OF 220 KV TRANSMISSION LINE FOR

EVACUATION OF POWER FROM WAINGANGA HEP
The power of this project is intended to be evacuated by proposed 220 kV
D/C line to newly proposed 220/132 kV sub-station near Chandrapur. The
length of line has been estimated as about 85 km (220 kV D/C line) from
Wainganga to newly proposed sub-station near Chandrapur. The cost of this
line is estimated as Rs. 29.75 Crores.
8-4
CHAPTER IX
INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION STUDIES
9.1
INTRODUCTION
The Initial Environmental Examination of Wainganga hydroelectric project has
following objectives through various phases of development which are
proposed to be covered:
provide information on baseline environmental setting;
preliminary assessment of impacts likely to accrue during construction

and operation phases;
identify key issues which need to be studied in detail during

subsequent environmental studies
It is essential to ascertain the baseline status of relevant environmental

parameters that could undergo significant changes as a result of construction
and operation of the project. In an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)
study, baseline status is ascertained through review of secondary data,
reconnaissance survey and interaction with the locals.
The Preliminary Impact Assessment conducted as a part of IEE Study, is
essentially a process to forecast the future environmental scenario of the
project area that might be expected to occur as a result of construction and
operation of the proposed project. The key environmental impacts which are
likely to accrue as a result of the proposed developmental activity are
identified.
Various
impacts,
which
can
endanger
the
environmental
sustainability of a project, are highlighted for comprehensive assessment as a

part of next level of environmental study during detailed studies.
9-1
9.2
ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SETTING

The study area covered includes the area within 7 km radius of various project
appurtenances. The data was collected through review of existing documents
and various engineering reports and reconnaissance surveys.
The various parameters for which baseline setting has been described have
been classified into physio-chemical, ecological and socio-economic aspects.
9.2.1 Physio-Chemical Aspects

a)
Water Quality
The proposed hydroelectric project lies on river Wainganga. Apart from
sewage generated from settlements in the catchment area, there are no major
sources of water pollution.
The loading from the sewage generated by
various settlements, is not very high as compared to the water available in

river Wainganga for dilution. The water quality is characterized by low BOD
and COD and high DO levels. Likewise, various cations and anions are within
permissible limits. Thus, overall water quality is excellent. It is possible that
bacteriological levels could be high at few locations, just downstream of the
confluence of drains carrying effluent from various settlements. In recent
times, no major epidemic related to water-borne diseases has been observed.
Thus, water of river Wainganga can be used for domestic use after
disinfection, without conventional treatment.
b)
Landuse
The submergence area of the project is 87,500 ha. As per the IEE study, both
forest as well as private land are coming under submergence. In addition to
9-2
above, land will also be required for siting of other project appurtenances,
infrastructure, project colony, labour camp, etc. The ownership category of
land required for various project appurtenances can be ascertained, once
project layout is finalized as a part of DPR preparation. Based on the type of
land (vis--vis ownership) being acquired, appropriate compensatory
measures can be recommended as a part of EIA study.
9.2.2 Ecological Aspects
a)
Vegetation
The major vegetation category observed in the project area and the study
area is scrub land. The major vegetation in the area is scrub and dense mixed
forest. The major forest blocks coming within reservoir submergence is given
in Table-9.1.
TABLE-9.1
Major reserved forest blocks coming within submergence area
Forest block
Vegetation type
Right Bank
Murjha Reserved Forest
Fairly dense and open mixed forest
Brahmapuri Reserved Forest
Dense mixed forest
Gumgaon Palgaon Reserved Forest
Fairly mixed forest
9-3
Left Bank
Armori Reserved Forest
Fairly dense mixed forest
Charbatti Reserved Forest
Amgaon Reserved Forest
The vegetation in the area is categorised as southern dry mixed deciduous

forests. The density of forests is low. Human interferences in the area have
resulted in degradation of forests, especially areas in vicinity to settlements or
villages. The main tree species observed in the area are Arjun, Ain, Bija,
Mahua, Garadi, Ghoti, Mowai, Teak, Palas, Pipal, etc. In drier localities, with
lesser moisture content, Palas and Khair species are observed.
The understorey in these forests comprises of species such as Ghont,
Karonda, Kharata, Jilbili, Bamboo, etc.
The major floral species observed in project and study area is outlined in
Table-9.2.
Table-9.2
Major floral species observed in project and study areas
Local Name
Botanical Name
Trees
Mowai
Lannea grandisa
Ain
Terminalia tomentosa
Palas
Butea monosperma
Ghoti
Zizyphus xylophyra
9-4
Bija
Pterocarpus marsupium
Khair
Acacia catechu
Pipal
Ficus religiosa
Mango
Mangifera indica
Garadi
Cleistanthus collinus
Mahua
Madhuca indica
Semal
Bombax ceiba
Shrubs
b)
Karonda
Carissa sp.
Kharata
Dadonaea viscosa
Bamboo
Dendrocalamus strictus
Garshukri
Grewia girsuta
Jilbili
Woodfordia floribunda
Fauna
The density of forests in the project area is not very high, as a result of
interferences due to human population in the area. This is the main factor
resulting in low faunal population in the project as well as study areas. Based
on the field observations and interaction with the locals and Forest
Department, major faunal species reported in the area include tiger, leopard,
jungle cat, wolf, jackal, wild dog, deer, langur, etc. In plain area, Nilgai is fairly
common. Amongst the reptiles, snakes including the poisonous snakes e.g.
Cobra, Bungarus, Viper, etc. are reported in the project area and its
surroundings. Likewise, non-poisnous snakes e.g. Lycodon, Oligodon, etc.
are also reported from the area. Various types of lizards, e.g. common
monitor lizard, garden lizard are also reported in the area.
9-5
The commonly observed bird species in the area are heron, egret, stork,
coromorant, spoonbill, etc.
The list of major faunal species reported in the project area and its
surroundings is given in Table-9.3.
TABLE-9.3
Major faunal species observed in the study area
Local Name
Zoological Name
Schedule as per wildlife

protection act
Mammals
Tiger
Panthera tigris
Spotted deer
Axis axis
Leopard
Panthera pardus
Sambar
Cervus unicolor
Langur
Presbytis entellus
Wild boar
Sus scrofa
Sloth bear
Melurus ursinus
Blue bull
Boselaphus tragocamelus
Wild dog
Cuon alpinus
Schedule-I
Schedule-I
Reptiles
Common Lizard
Hemidactyles brooki
Monitor Lizard
Veranus bengalensis
Python
Python molurus
Cobra
Naja naja
Viper
Vipera russelli
Schedule-I
9-6
Avi-fauna
Coromorant
Phalacrocoran carbosinesis
Large Egret
Ardea alba
Purple Heron
Ardea purpurea-purpurea
Stork
Sponibill
Platalea leucorodia
Little egret
Egretta garzetta
Openbill stork
Anastomus oscitans
Grey shirke
Lanius excubitor
King crow
Dicrurus adsimillis
It can be observed, that many of the faunal species belong to Schedule-I

category. As per Wildlife Protection Act (1972), such species are akin to rare
and endangered species and need to be conserved. Thus, it is essential to
ascertain adverse impacts on such species due to the proposed project, and
formulate management measures for amelioration of adverse impacts.
c)
Fisheries
The major water body in the project area is river Wainganga, which is a
perennial river. During discussions with the Fisheries Department and local
villagers in the project area and its surroundings, presence of various fish
species including Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, Murrel, Wallagu, etc. was confirmed.
Pond and tank fishery is also practiced in this area. There are a large number
of fishing ponds/tanks within the study area. Major species cultured in ponds
and tanks are Rohu, Catla, Mrigal. Likewise, silver carp & grass carp are also
being cultured in few of the fishing ponds and tanks.
9-7
It is recommended that a detailed fisheries survey be conducted in the river as

a part of EIA study to ascertain the spatio-temporal occurrence of various
riverine fisheries. Presence of migratory fish species, if any, too needs to be
ascertained.
The list of major fish species observed in river Wainganga are given in Table9.4.
TABLE-9.4
Major fish species reported in river Wainganga
Local Name
Scientific name
Catla
Catla catla
Rohu
Labeo rohita
Mrigal
Cirhhinus mrigala
Prawn
Macrobrachium malcamsoni
Murrels
Puntius sarana
Cyprinus
Labeo bata
Mystis
Mystis sp.
Wallago
Wallago attu
Clarius
Labeo
Labeo fimbriatus
Calabasu
Calbasu reba
Chella
Chella bachella
Common carp
Cyprinus carpio
Silver Carp
Thirmethrix molitrix
Grass Carp
Ctenopheringodon idella
9-8
9.2.3 Socio-economic Aspects

It is imperative to study socio-economic characteristics including demographic
profile of the project area and the study area. The proposed project site and
study area lie in Tehsil Chandrapur, district Chandrapur and Tehsil
Charchiroli of Gharchiroli district in Maharashtra. The demographic profile of
the study area villages is given in Table-9.5. Based on the Census data, total
population of the study area is 64,690. The average family size is about 5.
The female population is lower than the male population, which is reflected in
the sex ratio (i.e. number of females per 1000 males) of 957. The dominant
caste category in the study area villages is General Category as they account
for 79.4% of the total population. The Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes account for 9.8% and 10.8% respectively of the total population. The
literacy rate in the area is quite low (29.2%). The male and female literacy rate
in the study area is 44.6% and 12.9%. The low literacy rate in the area is one
of the indicators reflecting the socio-economic backwardness of the area.
Table-9.5
Demographic profile of the study area villages
Name of
village
Wasa
House
hold
405
Population
Male
Female
Total
1973
1020
953
SC
ST
357
349
Literates
Male Female
505
19
Porla
1032
5084
2630
2454
503
343
1330
429
Mohazari Patch 42
204
109
95
59
20
Navargam
89
420
201
219
73
101
37
Chak 36
225
123
102
23
877
886
122
16
303
94
Wasa
No.1
Wasa chak
Uninhabited
No. 2
Churmusa
343
1763
9-9
Name of
village
Surya Dongri
House
hold
37
Male
256
Population
Female
Total
120
136
Kitali
229
1178
615
Akapur Chak
140
682
Dongar
276
Deolgam
SC
ST
73
Literates
Male Female
53
17
563
148
26
262
56
342
340
210
111
26
1538
775
763
182
636
234
64
374
1747
897
850
118
488
384
92
Injewari
345
1902
939
963
327
81
501
161
Peth Tukum
122
618
336
282
90
281
112
47
Pevati
11
Saigaon
206
1137
591
546
25
55
282
96
Shivni Bk.
395
2160
1100
1060
81
552
196
Dongargaon
365
2184
1098
1086
109
25
490
179
Thanegaon
699
3586
1803
1783
276
471
739
181
Wasala
661
3405
1752
1653
429
148
873
223
Wanki
156
873
474
399
182
73
201
47
Total
5957
30946
15810
15136
3035
3341
7055
1966
Sawangi
Source : Census Data

9.3
PREDICTION OF IMPACTS
Based on the project details and the baseline environmental status, potential
impacts as a result of the construction and operation of the proposed project
have been identified. As a part of IEE study, impacts on various aspects listed
as below have been assessed:
-
Land environment
Water resources
Water quality
9-10
Terrestrial flora
Terrestrial fauna
Aquatic ecology
Noise environment
Ambient air quality
Socio-economic environment
9.3.1 Impacts on Land Environment

a)
Construction phase
Quarrying operations
A hydroelectric project requires significant amount of construction material,
which needs to be extracted from various quarry sites. The construction
material requirement includes abstraction of materials from quarries as well as
borrow pits. Normally quarrying is done along the hill face, and is generally left
untreated after extraction of the required construction material. These sites
can become permanent scar on the hill face and can become potential source
of landslides. This aspect needs to be covered as a part of the EIA study and
suitable measures for stabilization of quarry sites need to be recommended. It
is recommended that the existing quarry sites be tapped. To the extent
possible muck and waste generated during quarrying can also be used for
meeting the requirement of construction material. This will also depend on
their engineering properties. If new quarries have to be opened, then they
need be located over non-forest land so as to minimize adverse impacts on
flora & fauna are to the extent possible. Another recommendation is that
quarry sites be located away from human settlements, if possible, so that
human population in the area is not adversely affected.
9-11
Likewise, significant amount of material will be excavated from borrow areas

which need to be properly managed after excavation of construction material.
If these sites are left without reclamation, they can disrupt natural drainage
pattern, and can serve as breeding habitats for mosquitoes, leading to
increased incidence of vector-borne diseases.
Operation of construction equipment
During construction phase, various equipment will be brought to the site.
These include crushers, batching plant, drillers, earth movers, rock bolters,
etc. The siting of these construction equipment would require significant
amount of space. Similarly, space will be required for workshop, storing of
other construction equipment and materials, etc. In addition, land will also be
temporarily acquired, for storage of the quarried material before crushing,
rubble, sand, crushed material, cement, spare parts yard, fuel storage, guard
room, parking of light and heavy vehicles, petrol and
temporary
and
permanent
residential
colonies
for
diesel pumps,
government
and
contractors labour, water supply and switch yard for construction purposes,
etc. Various storage sites need to be earmarked for this purpose. It is
recommended that to the extent possible, such sites are located over nonforest land. Based on the discussions with the Forest Department, such sites
can be located in areas where faunal density is less, and are away from
habitats of various faunal species observed in the area.
Construction of roads
Significant vehicular movement for transportation of large construction
material, heavy construction equipment is anticipated during construction
phase. Many roads in the project area would require widening. Many new
roads also would have to be constructed. Construction of new roads may lead
9-12
to removal of trees on slopes and re-working of the slopes in the immediate

vicinity of road, which may lead to landslides, soil erosion, gully formation, etc.
Adequate management measures need to be implemented to ameliorate such
adverse impacts. The length of various roads to be constructed and their
alignment can be finalized as a part of DPR preparation. Based on the
alignment, severity of impacts can be assessed and suitable management
measures can be formulated. The other impacts due to construction of roads
could be land acquisition, air pollution during construction. Specific
management measures need to be implemented for mitigation of these
adverse impacts as well.
b)
Operation Phase
The area coming under reservoir submergence is 87,500 ha. The
submergence area entails acquisition of forest area and private land in
various settlements, both on the left and right bank sides. Additional area will
be required for siting of various project appurtenances, infrastructure, etc. The
density in the forests of the project area is generally low. However, it is
recommended that ownership status of land to be acquired for various project
appurtenances be ascertained and to the extent possible non-forest land be
acquired. Another criteria for selecting such sites could be that they are
located at some distance from the human settlements.
As a part of next phase of Environmental study, it is recommended that
detailed studies be conducted to ascertain the ownership status of these
lands, i.e. whether the land belongs Forest Department or is it a non-forest
government land. Even barren or scrub land, could be categorized as forest
land, if it is under the jurisdiction of forest department. In such a scenario,
compensatory afforestation as per the norms of Forest Conservation Act
9-13
(1980) will have to be done in lieu of entire forest land as per ownership,
irrespective of its vegetal status to be acquired for the project.
Based on the type of land being acquired for the project, suitable
compensatory measures can be suggested as a part of EIA study.
9.3.2
Impacts on Water Resources

The diversion of discharge for hydropower generation generally leads to
reduction in flow downstream of the dam site up to the confluence point of tail
race discharge. However, in the proposed project, dam toe power house is
envisaged. Thus, no significant impact on this account is anticipated. The dam
would reduce the peak flood as a result of reservoir routing. The dam would
moderate the variations in flow extremes as a result of reservoir routing in the
dam.
9.3.3 Impacts on Water Quality

a)
Construction phase
Effluents from labour camps
The project construction is likely to last for a period of 4-5 years, apart from
investigation stage. About 4,000 workers and 1,000 technical staff are likely to
work during project construction phase. The construction phase, also leads to
mushrooming of various allied activities to meet the demands of the immigrant
labour population in the project area. Thus, the total increase in labour
population during construction phase is expected to be around 10000-12,000.
The total quantum of sewage generated is expected to be of the order of 0.8
mld. The BOD load contributed by domestic sources will be about 540 kg/day.
9-14
The sewage generally shall be disposed in nearby streams or channels

through open drains, which can lead to deterioration of water quality of
receiving water bodies, if the same is disposed without treatment. This can
lead to increased incidence of water-borne diseases especially, if the water
from such water bodies is consumed without treatment. Thus, it is
recommended to commission adequate sewage treatment facilities in the
labour camps.
Normally, during construction phase, elaborate sewage treatment facilities
including primary and secondary treatment units are not commissioned, as
they remain unutilized, once the construction phase is over. At various
construction sites, septic tanks and or other low cost sanitation units are
developed. Similar sewage treatment measures are envisaged in the labour
camps of the proposed project as well.
Effluent from crushers
During construction phase, at least one crusher each will be commissioned at
the dam and power house sites. Water is required to wash the boulders and
to lower the temperature of the crushing edge. About 0.1 m3 of water is
required per tonne of material crushed. The effluent from the crusher would
contain high suspended solids. The effluent, if disposed without treatment can
lead to marginal increase in the turbidity levels in the receiving water bodies.
However, no major adverse impacts are anticipated due to small quantity of
effluent and availability of sufficient water for dilution. The severity of impacts
would vary from season to season with variations in water availability of
dilution. It is recommended to provide a settling tank to treat the effluent from
crushers before disposal. The settling tank can also be used to treat runoff
carrying high turbidity levels from the construction sites.
9-15
b)
Operation phase
Effluent from project colony
In the operation phase, about 200 families will be residing in the area which
would generate about 0.15 mld of sewage. The quantum of sewage
generated is not expected to cause any significant adverse impact on riverine
water quality. Adequate sewage treatment facilities including secondary
treatment facilities in the form of oxidation ditch or aerated lagoon needs to be
commissioned for this purpose to ameliorate the marginal impacts. The type
of treatment units that need to be installed can be finalized, based on
topography, population served, etc. It is recommended that the project colony
could be located over non-forest land. This is necessary to minimize the
diversion of forest land for various project appurtenances.
Impacts on reservoir water quality
The flooding of forest and agricultural land in the submergence area increases
the availability of nutrients resulting from decomposition of vegetative matter.
Enrichment of impounded water with organic and inorganic nutrients at times
become a major water quality problem immediately on commencement of the
operation and is likely to continue in the initial years of operation. Since, in the
proposed dam, significant quantity of forest area and private land including
agriculture land, is coming under reservoir submergence, it is recommended
that a detailed modelling study be conducted to estimate the D.O. level in the
reservoir during its initial years of operation.
9-16
Eutrophication risks
The fertilizer use in the catchment area intercepted at the dam site is low.
Since, the present proposal envisages only hydropower generation and does
not entail any command area development, problems of eutrophication, which
are primarily caused by enrichment of nutrients in water are not anticipated.
9.3.4 Impacts on Terrestrial Flora
a)
Construction phase
Increased human interferences
As mentioned earlier, about 5,000 technical staff, workers and other group of
people are likely to congregate in the area during the project construction
phase. The total increase in population is expected to be about 10,00012,000. Workers and other population groups residing in the area may use
fuel wood, if no alternate fuel is provided. On an average, the fuel wood
requirements will be of the order of 5,000-5,400 m3. Thus, every year, fuel
wood equivalent to about 1600-1800 trees will be cut, if no alternate sources
of fuel are provided. Since, tree density is not very high in the area, adverse
impacts due to cutting of trees to meet fuel wood requirements shall be quite
high. It should be made mandatory for the contractor involved in project
construction to provide alternate source of fuel to the labour population.
Alternatively, community kitchen using LPG or kerosene as a fuel can also be
run at various labour camps. Such community kitchens are now quite
common and have been successfully run during construction phase of various
projects. It is recommended that labour camps/colonies are located over nonforest land.
9-17
b)
Operation Phase
Acquisition of forest land
About 87,500 ha of area is coming under reservoir submergence leading to
acquisition of forest land in various forest blocks. A part of the forest land to
be acquired is reserve forest land, for which conservation plan in addition to
compensatory afforestation measures need to be implemented. In addition to
reservoir submergence, additional land will also be required for siting of
construction equipment, storage of construction material, muck disposal,
widening of existing roads, construction of new project roads, infrastructure
development.
It is recommended that a detailed ecological survey be conducted as a part of
EIA study to assess the density and diversity of flora in the area to be
acquired for the project. It is also recommended that as a part of EIA study,
ownership status of land being acquired. For forest land, irrespective of the
density
of
vegetal
cover,
appropriate
management
measures,
e.g.
compensatory afforestation need to be implemented.

9.3.5 Impacts on Terrestrial Fauna
a)
Construction phase
The forests in the project area and its surroundings provides habitat to various
faunal species, quite a few which are categorized as Schedule-I, as per the
Wildlife Protection Act (1972), which have to be protected and conserved. As
a part of the EIA study, detailed data collection from various sources needs to
be done to assess the severity of impacts due to various activities in the
construction and operation phases on Schedule-I species and other faunal
9-18
species as well. During interaction with the Forest Department, it was

confirmed that no major wildlife in the project area and its surroundings. As a
part of the EIA study, it is recommended that presence of various faunal
species be ascertained, based on the available data with the Forest
Department. Various labour camps and other project appurtenances should
be located away from areas providing habitats to wildlife population. Impacts
on migratory route, if any during project operation phase also need to be
assessed. Based on the findings of the EIA study, suitable measures as a part
of Environmental Management Plan can be formulated.
b)
Operation phase
During project operation phase, accessibility to the area will improve due to
construction of roads, which in turn may increase human interference leading
to marginal adverse impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem. The increase in
human population is not expected to be large, hence, significant impacts on
this account are not anticipated.
9.3.6 Impacts on Aquatic Ecology

a)
Construction phase
During construction of a river valley project, huge quantity of waste is
generated at various construction sites, which if not properly disposed,
invariably would flow down the river during heavy precipitation. Such condition
can lead to adverse impacts on the development of aquatic life, which needs
to be avoided by implementing appropriate techniques for their disposal.
The increased labour population during construction phase, could lead to
increased pressure on fish fauna, as a result of indiscriminate fishing by them.
9-19
Adequate protection measures at sensitive locations, identified on the basis of

fisheries survey in the EIA study need to be implemented.
b)
Operation phase
Impacts on riverine fisheries
Amongst the aquatic animals, it is the fish life which would be most affected.
The diversion of water for hydropower generation could lead to adverse
impacts on riverine fisheries. However, in the proposed project, dam toe
power house is envisaged. Hence, adverse impacts on riverine ecology due to
reduction in flow downstream of the dam site are not anticipated. Based on
data collection as a part of the present study, migratory fish species are not
reported from the project area. As a part of EIA study, it is necessary to
conduct survey in the study area ascertain the presence and occurrence of
various fish species in river Wainganga. Based on the findings of the study,
adverse impacts can be assessed, and if required, suitable management
measures, need to be formulated.
Increased potential of reservoir fisheries
With the construction of dam, and creation of reservoir area of 87,500 ha,
there will be an increased potential of reservoir fisheries. The total fish
production from reservoir could be of the order of 26,000 tonnes/annum. The
reservoir can be stocked by Fisheries Department. The various fish species
which can be cultured include Catla, Rohu, Mrigal, grass carp, common carp,
etc. For development of fisheries it would be desirable to encourage such
activities through cooperative societies. Some of the Project Affected Families
could be rehabilitated as fishermen, and can be given fishing rights for
catching fish from the reservoir.
9-20
9.3.7 Impacts on Noise Environment

Increased noise levels are anticipated only during construction phase due to
operation of various equipment, increased vehicular traffic and blasting etc.
Quite a few human settlements are located close to the project site. Increased
noise level, especially blasting could scare away wildlife from the area. It has
been observed during construction phase of similar projects, that wildlife
migrates from such areas and returns after the cessation of construction
activities. Similar phenomenon is expected in the proposed project site as
well. However, presence of Schedule-I species in the project area, location of
various settlements around construction sites, makes its imperative to conduct
detailed noise modelling studies as a part of EIA study. Based on the
increased noise levels, as estimated through modelling studies, impacts on
human and faunal population in the area adjacent to various project sites
needs to be assessed.
9.3.8 Air Pollution
Pollution due to fuel combustion in various equipment
Normally, diesel is used in construction equipment. The major pollutant which
gets emitted as a result of diesel combustion is SO2. The SPM emissions are
minimal due to low ash content in diesel. Model studies conducted for various
projects with similar level of fuel consumption indicate that the short-term
increase in SO2, even assuming that all the equipment are operating at a
common point, is quite low, i.e. of the order of less than 1g/m3. Hence, no
major impact is anticipated on this account.
9-21
Emissions from various crushers

The operation of the crusher during the construction phase is likely to
generate fugitive emissions, which can move even up to 1 km along the
predominant wind direction. During construction phase, one crusher each is
likely to be commissioned at the dam and the power house sites. During
crushing operations, fugitive emissions comprising of the suspended
particulate will be generated. Based on past experience in similar projects,
significant adverse impacts on this account are not anticipated. However, it is
recommended that the labour camp be situated at least 1 km away from the
construction sites and that too on the leeward side of the pre-dominant wind
direction in the area.
9.3.9
Impacts on Socio-Economic Environment
a)
Project construction phase

The construction phase will last for about 4-5 years. Those who would migrate
to this area are likely to come from various parts of the country mainly having
different cultural, ethnic and social background. Due to longer residence of
this population in one place, a new culture, having a distinct socio-economic
similarity would develop which will have its own entity. It is recommended that
labour camps/colonies be located over non-forest area.
Normally during construction phase of a project, there is significant impact on
the employment potential of the area. Many people migrate in the area in
search of jobs. The present population in the study area villages is of the
31,000. About 4,000 workers and 1,000 technical staff are likely to work
during project construction phase. The total increase in labour population
during construction phase is expected to be around 10,000-12,000.Thus,
population is going to increase by about 35% to 40% in the area during
9-22
construction phase. This can lead to significant impacts on the existing

infrastructure facilities in the area. Thus, adequate infrastructure needs to be
developed to cater to the requirements of the migrating labour population in
the area.
b)
Project operation phase

Acquisition of private land and homesteads
The area coming under reservoir submergence is 87,500 ha. The
submergence area entails acquisition of unclassified forests and reserve
forest blocks. Private land including homesteads in various settlements, both
on the left and right bank sides too shall also be acquired. Various settlements
likely to be fully or partially affected are listed in Table-9.6.
Table-9.6
List of settlements losing land under reservoir submergence
___________________________________________________________________
Right bank
Left Bank
Halda
Soi
Avalgaon
Virsi
Wandra
Bangaheti
Dorli
Pulgaon
Chichgaon
Rawi
Baradkinni
Kandhala
Gangalwari
Athili
Talodhi
Asola
9-23
Sargaon
Khaira Chapral
Vilam
Saungi
Kolari
Parsari
Belgaon
Phungaon
Bondegaon
Dakasarandi
Khandola
Opara Ka Tola
Kahargaon
Opara
Nandgaon
Bhagri
Bhaleshwar
Cicholi
Chikkalgaon
Mandhar
Hardoli
Lachandur
Surbari
Arun nagar
Chichoti
Ekalpur
Sawalgaon
Kosi
Sonegaon
Wadhona
Bodigaon
Gangoli
Nilaj
Kharkhada
Panchgaon
Ghati
Rui
Churmura
Belpatri
Khari
Mangali
Akapur
Chakgawarla
Dongar saunghi
Jugnala
Devalgaon
Bothdichak
Kitari
Ranbothli
Thanagaon
Sawardandkhak
Sitabandi
Dhanolpohachak
Maldongri
Beldati
9-24
Bramhapuri
Parsori
Jhilbori
Nawargaon Makta
Kathorla Makta
Kurjha
Vidyanagar
_________________________________________________________________
Some of the villages listed in Table-9.6 could be part of a revenue village.
Hence, the actual number of affected revenue villages would be lesser than
the number of villages listed in Table-9.6. A detailed socio-economic survey
needs to be conducted to ascertain the actual number of families losing land
and homestead, as a result of acquisition of land for various projects features
including reservoir submergence as a part of the EIA study, based on which
suitable Resettlement & Rehabilitation Plan can be formulated.
Urbanization and industrialization
The commissioning of a hydro-electric project provides significant impetus to
economic development in the area being supplied with power. Likewise, in the
project area, commissioning of a hydro-electric project would lead to
mushrooming of various allied activities, providing employment to locals in the
area. There is a demand for improvement in infrastructure, which
subsequently leads to formation of urban centres. Thus, commissioning of the
project is expected to usher in industrialization and urbanization in the area.
9-25
9.4
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND EMP

A summary of impacts and recommended management measures are
summarized in Table-9.7.
Table-9.7
Summary of Impacts and suggested management measures
S.
No.
1.
Parameters
Impact
Management Measures
Land Environment
Construction
phase
Soil erosion due to the
Proper
extraction
of
quarry site, and such
material
sites be located over
construction
from
various
quarry
treatment
of
non-forest land.
sites.
Temporary
acquisition
Such sites be located
of land for siting of
over
construction equipment
away
&
waste
settlements.
forest
Formulation
material,
non-forest land
from
human
material, etc.
Operation
phase
Acquisition
of
land, reserve forest and
Compensatory
private land.
afforestation
of
&
Conservation Plan and

R&R plan, based on
the type of land being
acquired.
9-26
S.
No.
2.
Parameters
Impact
Management Measures
Water quality
Construction
phase
Water pollution due to
Provision of community
disposal
toilets and septic tanks
of
sewage
from labour colonies.

Operation
phase
Disposal
sewage
of
from project colony.
Provision of adequate
sewage
treatment
facilities
3.
Terrestrial flora
Construction
phase
Cutting
of
meeting
trees
fuel
for
wood
requirements by labour.
Provision of community
kitchen
by
the
contractors engaged in
project construction.
Operation
phase
Acquisition
of
forest
Compensatory
afforestation as per the
land.
Indian
Forest
Conservation
Act
(1980) and formulation

of Conservation Plan.
4.
Terrestrial fauna
Construction
phase
Disturbance to wildlife
Increased surveillance,
due
in the form of check
to
operation
various
equipment.
of
construction
posts
at
major
construction sites and

labour camps.
9-27
S.
No.
Parameters
Impact
Operation
phase
Management Measures
Disturbance to wildlife
Location
due
project appurtenances,
to
increased
accessibility in the area.
of
various
including
camps,
labour
away
from
areas serving habitats

to wildlife in the area.
Increased surveillance
by developing check
posts
at
sensitive
locations.
5.
Aquatic Ecology
Construction
phase
Marginal
phase
Marginal impact, hence
aquatic productivity due
no
to
management
increased
and
Operation
decrease in
turbidity
lesser
light
specific
measures
are
penetration.
suggested.
Adverse impacts due to
Disposal
disposal of construction
construction waste at
waste.
appropriate sites.
Increased potential for
Stocking of reservoirs
pisci-culture
by
in
the
reservoir formed due to
of
Fisheries
Department.
the project.
9-28
S.
No.
6.
Parameters
Impact
Management Measures
Noise Environment
Construction
phase
Increase in noise levels
Construction
due
equipment
to
operation
various
7.
of
construction
provided
to
with
be
noise
equipment.
control measures.
Increase in air pollution
Cyclones
due
of
provided
construction
crushers.
Air Environment
Construction
phase
to
operation
various
equipment
to
in
be
various
including
crushers.
8.
Socio-economic Environment
Construction
phase
Operation
Increase in employment
potential.
phase
Acquisition
of
private
land and homestead
Compensation as per
Resettlement
&
Rehabilitation plan and

Area
Development
Activities
Increased
power
generation
Greater
employment
opportunities.
9-29
9.5
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The project entails acquisition of forest and private land in various
settlements, both on the left and right bank sides. Detailed studies as a part
of EIA need to be conducted to ascertain the adverse impacts on terrestrial
flora & fauna, riverine fisheries, and other aspects of environment. The project
envisages acquisition of land and homestead from significant number of
families., which will be a key issue in environmental clearance.
The following aspects need to be studied in detail as a part of next phase of
environmental studies:
-
Impacts due to acquisition of forest land.
Impacts on wildlife, especially species categorized as Schedule-I

species as per Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
Increased potential for fisheries in the reservoir as a result of

construction of dam.
Proper stabilization of quarry sites
Management of pollution from various sources from labour camps
Resettlement and Rehabilitation plan for families losing private land

and homesteads in project affected villages.
9-30
CHAPTER -X
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
10.1
GENERAL
The Wainganga H.E. Project is a Dam-toe power house development. The
dam is proposed to be located near the village Daungar Saungi at bed level of
El 196.0 m immediately downstream of the confluence of the Khobragarhi
Nadi flowing from the east and joining on the left bank. A gross storage of
5995.24 M cum is proposed to be created with the help of concrete gravity
dam with crest gates in the main river reach flanked by earthen dams in the
flanks. The dam is proposed to be constructed on the border of Gadchiroli and
Chandrapur districts where the Wainganga river forms the border between the
two districts. It is proposed to divert the water through intakes in the power
dam blocks on the right flank. A rated discharge of 595.82 cumec shall pass
through 5 nos. penstock of 5.0 m dia embedded in the body of the dam to
lead the discharges to the dam-toe power station immediately downstream.
The tailrace channel, 300 m long shall discharge the water back to the river.
The major infrastructure facilities needed for construction of this project are
described in the following paragraphs.
10.2
COMMUNICATIONS
10.1.1 The nearest rail head to the project area is located at Bramhapuri about 25
km upstream of project site. Bramhapuri is connected to Nagpur (about 130
km) via Umred-Nagbhir section. The project is also approachable by road by
the same route i.e. Nagpur-Umred-Nagbhir-Bramhapuri. Another approach
can be from Chandrapur (District headquarter) located about 150 km from
Nagpur and connected by National Highway/State Highway. The Wainganga
10-1
dam site is located at a village Daungar Saungi which is about 95 km from

Chandrapur via Kelzar-Mul-Gadchiroli-Purla by state highway and further 10
km by single lane ordinary road going upstream along the Wainganga river.
This ordinary single lane road shall have to be widened & strengthened above
HFL level as a new approach road to the project site as the present road
caters only to the villages located near the river bank.
10.2.2 Roads in the Project Area
Apart from constructing of a new ordinary road passing nearby the proposed
project site, a new access road is required to be built from the approach road
to the dam site (1 km) of the Wainganga H.E. project.
Other permanent roads of about 50 km which would be
required to be
constructed include road from the approach road to the proposed Dam site,
project colony, and other Power House Complex requirements like road to
Power House Colony, Stores, Quarry sites, dumping yard, plant machinery,
ferrule workshop for penstock rolling, godown, spares yard, site offices, etc.
Construction of roads are also required from dam / power house site to the
quarry sites, plant and machinery workshops etc.
10.2.3 Railways
The nearest railway station is at Chandrapur on the broad gauge line.
Railway siding for unloading heavy machineries and equipment has to be
provided at Chandrapur.
10-2
10.3
CONSTRUCTION POWER
The demand for power for construction activities is estimated to be about 5
MW taking into account capacity of electric driven equipment and lighting
which have to work within the target time for consideration. The initial
requirement in the first two years could be about 2 MW and this subsequently
can be increased to 5 MW.
The power requirement can be met with by procuring the supply from
Maharashtra State Electricity Board or equivalent authority. For making the
power available at project site it is proposed to extend new transmission line
for about 10 km from Gadchiroli town with 33/11 kV sub-station.
In addition to tapping grid supply, it is also proposed to provide supplemental
power aggregating to 2 MW as a standby in cases of interruptions in grid
supply.
10.4
TELECOMMUNICATION
To ensure efficient execution at various sites, adequate and reliable
telecommunication network is necessary. An electronic private Automatic
Exchange with a capacity of about 50 lines is proposed.
A VHF system is also proposed to link project Head Quarters with clients
head-quarters. Suitable number of mobile phones / walky talkies are also
proposed.
10-3
10.5
PROJECT COLONIES / BUILDINGS
10.5.1 The main project colony
is proposed near Gadchiroli town which is the
District headquarters also and which is connected with National Highway.

Facilities such as school, post office, police station, market, primary health
centre, fire fighting arrangement etc. exist at Gadchiroli District Headquarter
but canteen, recreation facilities have to be developed near the dam site.
Administrative building and 30 family quarters and a hostel are also proposed
to be built at the proposed site.
Two more small colonies for staff of dam site and for Power House are
proposed to be built alongwith other infrastructure facilities.
10.5.2 Contractors Colony and Labour Colony
Contractors colony and labour colony located at Dam site along with all
amenities are proposed to be located near the construction works of the
project.
10.6
WORKSHOPS STORES, FABRICATION YARDS AND MAGAZINES

Workshops for maintaining the plant and equipment used for construction,
stores for construction materials, hydro-mechanical and electro-mechanical
equipments etc. will be built and maintained by the contractor. However, a
small workshop is planned for repair and maintenance facilities of project
transport vehicles and minimum
essential equipment will be built by the
client.
10-4
Areas for fabrication and storage yards for the hydro mechanical equipment,
viz the various gates and hoists, penstocks etc. will have to be identified near
the work sites.
Explosive magazines for the works at dam site and rock quarries are to be
built.
10.7
WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION

For drinking purposes in the colony areas, suitable water treatment plants for
treating water drawn from the Wainganga river
will be installed. For
construction purposes, water directly pumped from the river and stored will be
used.
Suitable sanitation and sewerage treatment facilities under environmental
protection measures shall be made at all the project and labour colony areas.
10-5
CHAPTER XI
CONSTRUCTION PLANNING & SCHEDULE
11.1
INTRODUCTION
The Wainganga H.E. Project is located at an altitude of about EL 200.0 m in
Wainganga sub-basin of Godavari Basin. The climatic parameters vary
considerably within the basin. The climate of the sub-basin is characterized
by hot summers from March to May months. The rainy season is from June to
September and some post monsoon season rains are also experienced.
However, for construction purposes the working season could be considered
from October to June months. The river has floods during July to September
with peaks mostly occurring in August and September. A period of 24 months
has been provided for preparation of Detailed Project Report and statutory
clearances approvals. Thereafter 24 months have been provided for preconstruction activities of
creating
infrastructure
field investigations, sub-surface exploration and

facilities,
construction
power,
land
acquisition,
engineering design and drawings, tender engineering etc. The construction

phase includes all the pre construction activities. A construction period of 5
years has been considered for completion of the project. This is based on
location of the project and remoteness of the area. This could be further
optimised in the event of other proposed projects also being taken up
simultaneously on Wainganga river in the Maharashtra State.
11.2
PROJECT IN BRIEF
Wainganga H.E. Project is envisaged as
storage scheme across the
Wainganga river. Gross Storage of about 5995.24 Mcum with live storage of
5155.0 M cum is proposed to be created by construction of a storage dam
11-1
with crest gates arrangements. The dam comprises of 1366 m long and 3648
m long Earthen dams on the left and right flanks respectively. A concrete
spillway 796 m long is proposed in the river reach. Besides 6 Nos. NOF
concrete Blocks and 5 Nos. Power Dam Blocks, each 20 m long, are
proposed in the flanks adjoining the Spillway blocks. A discharge of 595.82
cumec is proposed to be diverted through 5 Nos. penstock of 5.0 m dia to the
surface power house proposed immediately downstream of the dam on the
right bank. A tail race channel, 300 m long, discharges the water back to the
river.
11.3
MATERIAL SOURCES
The site visit to the project area was made by a Team including Engineers
and Geologist for identification of the site for the Storage Dam and
appurtenant works. The reconnaissance visit reveal that material required for
undertaking construction of various components of the project viz. earth dam,
concrete spillway, power house etc. are available in the vicinity of the area.
The sand is available in the nearby areas as well as in the river bed. The
coarse aggregate requirements can be met by crushing the rocks from the
nearby quarry sites.
11.4
CONTRACT PACKAGES
The contracts packages shall mainly consist of the following:
a)
Spillway dam concrete works and earthen dams including diversion

works, coffer dams / dykes approaches, flood protection works, river
training works, etc.
b)
Power dam blocks including Power house and tail race works
c)
Hydro mechanical equipment
d)
Hydro Electrical equipment
11-2
The eligibility of the contractors shall have to be suitably fixed based on

working experience under similar conditions.
The auxiliary works of river
diversion, coffer dams, penstock fabrication and switchyard shall be part of

the civil works package. However, the work of providing basic site facilities
like storage sites for material, approach roads, minimal construction
equipment, testing laboratory, staff colony, water supply, field offices at power
house etc. could be taken up departmentally to enhance the pace of work of
the contractor and cost recovered from the contractor. The packages could
be contracted earlier so that by the time civil contractors mobilize, the site
facilities are made available.
11.5
SCHEDULE OF WORK
As envisaged the work shall be limited to 300 days in a year with 25 working
days in a month and 8 working hours per shift in a day. Two shift working is
proposed in the working season for expeditious completion of the project, third
shift could also be planned based on progress of work and constraints due to
remoteness of the site.
11.6
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES
After the financial arrangements for construction of the project are decided,
Notice Inviting Tender for fixing the civil contractor can be invited within 6
months on ICB basis.
a)
Diversion of river
As the river section at the dam storage site is fairly wide, coffer dams and ring
bunds completion is proposed in parts in different seasons before the actual
construction of the dam is taken up immediately after the execution of river
11-3
diversion works, during non-monsoon season and completed in first quarter

of following year before the river water starts rising. After the flood water in
the river recede, work on excavation of foundation and curtain grouting for
the embankment dam and foundation works in the river bed level completed
upto the planned level before the start of next flood season. The river bed
excavation shall be handled by 3.0 cum Hydraulic Excavator and Rear
Dumpers (25t).
b)
The construction of the embankment dam and appurtenant works are
proposed to be completed by the end of 3rd year of the construction

programme. The spillway dam and power house civil works are proposed for
completion by the end of 4th year. The concreting shall be handled by 3 tower
cranes of 3 ton capacity of 50 m radius, 250 cum/hr batching and mixing plant
and 500 TPH aggregate processing plant.
c)
Power House
The surface power house accommodates 5 units of 21 MW each (105 MW).

The excavation of the power house foundation is proposed to be undertaken
by the conventional method, jack hammers and mucking operations shall be
accomplished through trucks. Approach to the power house shall be from the
highway on the left bank..
A period of 27 months has been kept for power house excavation and
concreting.
For concreting two batching and mixing plant of 300 cum/hr
capacity shall be installed at Dam and Power House site.

Transportation of concrete shall be carried by 5.0 cum transit mixer trollys.
The construction schedule at PFR stage studies is given in the enclosed Plate
11-1.
11-4
CHAPTER-XII
COST ESTIMATE
12.1
INTRODUCTION
Wainganga H.E. Project is envisaged as
storage scheme across the
Wainganga river. Gross Storage of about 5995.24 M cum with live storage of
5155.0 M cum is proposed to be created by construction of a storage dam
with crest gates arrangements. The dam comprises of 1366 m long and 3648
m long Earthen dams on the left and right flanks respectively. A concrete
spillway 796 m long is proposed in the river reach. Besides 6 Nos. NOF
concrete Blocks and 5 Nos. Power Dam Blocks, each 20 m long, are
proposed in the flanks adjoining the Spillway blocks. A discharge of 595.82
cumec is proposed to be diverted through 5 Nos. penstock of 5.0 m dia to the
surface power house proposed immediately downstream of the dam on the
right bank. A tail race channel, 300 m long, discharges the water back to the
river.
12.2
The Project is estimated to cost Rs.1115.61 crore at June 2003 price level
the break down of cost is given below :
Item
Civil Works
Estimated Cost
( Rs.Crore )
936.91
Electrical Works
178.70
Sub Total (Generation)
1115.61
12-1
The project estimate has been prepared on the basis of Guidelines for
preparation of cost estimates for River Valley projects published by Central
Water Commission,
New Delhi.
The abstract of cost is enclosed as
Annexure 12.1. The cost of various Electro-Mechanical works are placed at

Annexure 12.2. The above cost does not include the cost of transmission
line from the project to Chandrapur sub-station which is estimated as Rs.
29.75 crores.
The estimate for civil & Hydro mechanical works have been prepared based
on the as average rates for major items of works made available by CWC in
the guidelines for estimating the civil cost for the preparation of PFR.
The electro mechanical rates have been adopted on the basis of enquiry
floated to various reputed manufactures / supplier. The rates are inclusive of
excise duty & taxes.
The phased programme of construction has been given in the relevant
chapter with this report.
Cost provisions for the various items mentioned below has been made on
lump sum percentage basis of C-Works & J Power Plant Civil Works for
working out the total
cost of
project at pre - feasibility stage.
12-2
S.
No.
1
Items
Provisions of % of C- Works & J

- Power Plant Civil Works
2%
A. Preliminary
K. Buildings
4%
O. Miscellaneous
4%
P. Maintenance
1% of C+J+K+R
R. Communication
4%
X. Environment & Ecology
2%
Y. Losses on Stock
0.25% of C Works, J - Power

Plant - Civil Works, K - Building & R Communication
12-3
Annexure-12.2
SCHEME NAME - WAINGANGA
COST ESTIMATE OF ELECTRO-MECHANICAL WORKS FOR PRE - FEASIBILTY REPORT
Sl.NO.
ITEM
Qty.
Unit
Rate
Unit
Amount
(In
Rs. Lakhs)
Excise Duty
Rate
Generating Unit and Bus Duct 40 MW, 93.75 RPM, 21.03 M

Head
Step up transformer 11/220 kV,46 MVA, Three Phase
Auxiliaries Electrical Equipment for power Stations
(
5% of item 1)
Auxiliary Equipment and services for power stations (5% of
item 1)
Conventional Switchyard -220 kV
Spares( 5% of 1 and 3% of 2-5)
Sub- total(1)
Central Sales Tax @ 4% of item 7
Transportation & Insurance @ 6% of item 7
Erection and Commissioning @ 8% of item 7
Except Spares
Sub- total(2)
Establishment, Contingency, other Charges @ 11% of item
7 excluding duties
GRAND TOTAL
Nos.
Nos.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
bays
6
0.089 Rs./kW
200 Rs./kVA
120 Rs. Lakhs/bay
Total Amount
(In Rs. Lakhs)
Amount
(In Rs.
Lakhs)
9
10
14240
16%
2278.4
16518.40
368
712
16%
16%
58.88
113.92
426.88
825.92
712
16%
113.92
825.92
960
794.56
17786.56
16%
153.6
1113.60
794.56
20505.28
820.21
1230.32
1576.86
2718.72
24132.67
1956.52
26089.19
CHAPTER XIII
ECONOMIC EVALUATION
13.1
GENERAL
The economic and financial evaluation of the WAINGANGA H.E project have
been considered as per the standard guidelines issued by Central Electricity
Authority and the norms laid down by the Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission (CERC) for Hydro projects have been kept in view in this regard.
13.2
PROJECT BENEFITS
The scheme would afford on annual average energy generation of 246.146
GWh . The project would provide 105 MW of peaking capacity benefits.
13.3
TOTAL COST
The project cost (Civil and E& M ) has been estimated at Rs.1115.61 crores
without IDC based on the criteria for Adoption of Rates and Cost for
preparation of PFRs of hydro-electric projects issued by CEA and is as given
below :
1.
Cost of civil works
Rs. 936.91 Crores
2.
Cost of Electrical/Mechanical works
Rs. 178.7 Crores
Total
Rs.1115.61 Crores
13-1
13.4
MODE OF FINANCING
The project is proposed to be financed with a debt equity ratio of 70:30. An
interest rate of 10% on the loan component has been considered for the
financial analysis of the project. The interest on the working capital is taken
as 9.75%.
13.5
Phasing of Expenditure
The project is proposed to be completed in 5 years period in all respect with
full benefit available after 5 years.
The detailed year wise phasing of
expenditure based upon the above construction programme for Civil &
Electrical works is given in Annexure 13.1.
13.6
FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
13.6.1 Basic And Normative Parameters

The following basic parameters have been adopted for working out the
financial analysis of the project.
i)
Estimated capital cost of Rs. 1292.02 Crores considering the Interest

during construction.
ii)
Average annual energy generation of 246.146 GWh. has been

estimated.
iii)
Operation & maintenance expenses (including insurance) @ 1.5% of

the project cost in the first year with 5% escalation every year.
iv)
Depreciation @ 3.5 % has been considered on an average basis.
v)
Auxiliary consumption @ 0.5 % of the energy generated.
vi)
Transformation loss @ 0.5% of the energy generated.
13-2
vii)
Interest on working capital @ 9.75%.
viii)
Interest during construction has been worked out based upon the
interest rates as mentioned above.
The computations are given in
Annexure 13.2 for present day capital cost.

ix)
Corporate tax @ 30%.
x)
Return on equity @ 14%.
13.6.2 Assessment of Tariff

Based upon the parameters given above, the sale rate of energy at bus bar
has been computed in Annexure 13.3. The sale rate applicable in the first
year and levellised tariff is indicated below.
TABLE 13.2
Tariff Period
13.7
Tariff
(Rs./KWh)
First Year
3.86
Levellised Tariff
3.32
CONCLUSION
The sale rate of energy indicated above shows that the energy generated
from the project is on the higher side . The levelised cost can be further
reduced on the bsis of further optimization of the FRL and period of
construction.
13-3
WAINGANGA HYDEL SCHEME ( Surface Power House )
Parameters
Values
Project Cost (Rs in crores)

Civil
Electrical
Total Cost
Construction Period ( in years)
936.91
178.70
1115.61
5
Debt
Equity
70.00%
30.00%
1st year
2nd year
3rd year
4th year
5th year
10.00%
30.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
Interest on Working capital

Life of Hydro electric Project
9.75%
35
Depreciation (as per ES Act )
3.50%
Interest on loan
Aux. Consumption
Surface Hydro Station
(Static Excitation) (% of energy generated)
Transformation Losses
10%
0.50%
O& M
O& M escalation
Depreciation (IT ACT)
Income Tax
Capacity ( MW)
Annual Energy ( GWh)
Design Energy (GWh)
Discount Rate (%)
Levellised Tarrif
Annual Tarriff
1.50%
5.00%
25.00%
30.00%
160
557.07
545.36
12
3.32
3.86
0.50%
Annexure 13.2
Calculation of Interest During Construction
Debt : Equity 70 : 30
Interest rate @ 10 %
(INR crores)
Year
Project
cost
Equity for
IDC
(6) x 0.30
7
ITERATION - I
Loan for
IDC
(6) x 0.70
8
IDC
10.0%
9
0.00
5.58
27.89
55.78
72.51
0.00
1.67
8.37
16.73
21.75
0.00
3.90
19.52
39.05
50.76
161.76
48.53
113.23
Equity
component
(30%)
Loan
component
(70%)
Cummulative
loan
IDC
10.0%
(Civil & E&M)

2
1
2
3
4
5
111.56
334.68
334.68
223.12
111.56
111.56
223.12
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
111.56
334.68
223.12
111.56
0.00
111.56
446.24
669.37
780.93
Total
1115.61
334.68
780.93
GRAND TOTAL
TOTAL
Capitalised
IDC
cost
10
11
0.00
0.20
1.37
4.30
8.79
0.00
5.77
29.26
60.08
81.30
111.56
340.46
363.94
283.20
192.86
14.64
176.41
1292.02
Annexure -13.1
INR crores
Year
Civil cost
E & M cost
Total cost
1
2
3
4
5
93.69
281.07
281.07
187.38
93.69
17.87
53.61
53.61
35.74
17.87
111.56
334.68
334.68
223.12
111.56
Total
936.91
178.70
1115.61
Annexure -
13.3

TARIFF CALCULATIONS WITH PROJECTED COMPLETION COST
Debt:Equity Ratio
Yr 1
BASIC PARAMETERS
Capacity (MW)
Capital Cost (INR crores)
Capital Cost with IDC .
Equity Portion (%)
Debt Portion (%)
Capital Cost/MW (INR crores)
Interest rate for WC (%)
Tax rate (%)
Interest rate on loan from Financial Institutions (%)
Total annual energy (GWh)
Design energy with 90% dependibility (GWh)
Saleable Energy after aux. (GWh)
consumption & transformation losses
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 2
Yr 3
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 4
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 5
Yr 6
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 7
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
7.0
Yr 8
Yr 9
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 10
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
3.0
Yr 11
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 12
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
FINANCIAL PACKAGE (INR crores)

LOAN
Loan Component
% of
total
loan
904.4
Fin. Institutions
Intt.
Rate
(%)
AMOUNT
(INR
crores)
EQUITY
% of
total
equity
% of
project
cost
AMOUNT
(INR
crores)
904.41
Equity component
387.60
1292.0
387.60
Fin. Institutions
Total
Period
% of
project
cost
Repayment
Financial Inst.
Repayment Amount/year
Financial Institutions
Construction Period (Yrs.)
Moratorium
10
Installment/yr.
0
90.44
1/12
100.00
70.00
100.00
70.00
10.00
904.41
904.41
Equity
Total
100.00
30.00
387.60
100.00
30.00
387.60
Annexure -
13.3

Debt:Equity Ratio
NORMATIVE PARAMETERS
O & M Charges incl. Insurance (%)
O & M Inflation rate (%)
Rate of return on equity (%)
Rate of Depreciation (ES Act) (%)
Rate of Depreciation (IT Act) (%)
Spares for 1 yr -1/5th C.S
Auxiliary consumption (%)
Transformation Losses (%)
SCHEDULE OF LOAN REPAYMENT
AGENCY
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Outstanding Term loan
Term loan installment
Cum. Loan Repaid
Interest on Term loan
Total Yearly installment
LOAN SERVICING
Loan Repayment Installment
Sources of Funds for Repayment
- Depreciation (ES Act)
- Advance Depreciation
- Additional sources (ROE )
7.0
3.0
Yr 1
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
Yr 9
Yr 10
Yr 11
Yr 12
Year
1
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
2
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
3
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
4
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
5
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
6
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
7
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
8
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
9
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
10
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
11
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
12
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
Year
10
11
12
904.41
90.44
90.44
85.92
176.36
813.97
90.44
180.88
76.87
167.32
723.53
90.44
271.32
67.83
158.27
633.09
90.44
361.76
58.79
149.23
542.65
90.44
452.21
49.74
140.18
452.21
90.44
542.65
40.70
131.14
361.76
90.44
633.09
31.65
122.10
271.32
90.44
723.53
22.61
113.05
180.88
90.44
813.97
13.57
104.01
90.44
90.44
904.41
4.52
94.96
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
904.41
90.44
813.97
90.44
723.53
90.44
633.09
90.44
542.65
90.44
452.21
90.44
361.76
90.44
271.32
90.44
180.88
90.44
90.44
90.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
45.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
85.92
176.36
76.87
167.32
67.83
158.27
58.79
149.23
49.74
140.18
40.70
131.14
31.65
122.10
22.61
113.05
13.57
104.01
4.52
94.96
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
COMPUTATION OF TARIFF COMPONENTS

INTEREST ON CAPITAL
Total Yearly Installment
2/12
Annexure -
13.3

Debt:Equity Ratio
Yr 1
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
7.0
Yr 9
Yr 10
3.0
Yr 11
Yr 12
RATE OF RETURN
Equity amount
Return on Equity
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
O & M EXPENSES
19.38
20.35
21.37
22.44
23.56
24.73
25.97
27.27
28.63
30.07
31.57
33.15
1.62
2.58
1.70
2.58
1.78
2.58
1.87
2.58
1.96
2.58
2.06
2.58
2.16
2.58
2.27
2.58
2.39
2.58
2.51
2.58
2.63
2.58
2.76
2.58
7.54
14.32
9.04
3.23
0.00
0.47
38.80
3.78
7.54
12.81
9.04
3.39
0.00
0.45
37.52
3.66
7.54
11.31
9.04
3.56
0.00
0.44
36.25
3.53
7.54
9.80
9.04
3.74
0.00
0.42
34.99
3.41
7.54
8.29
9.04
3.93
0.00
0.41
33.75
3.29
7.54
6.78
9.04
4.12
0.00
0.39
32.52
3.17
7.54
5.28
9.04
4.33
0.00
0.38
31.31
3.05
7.54
3.77
9.04
4.54
0.00
0.36
30.11
2.94
7.54
2.26
9.04
4.77
0.00
0.35
28.93
2.82
7.54
0.75
9.04
5.01
0.00
0.33
27.77
2.71
7.54
0.00
9.04
5.26
0.00
0.33
27.39
2.67
7.54
0.00
9.04
5.52
2.33
0.36
30.14
2.94
DEPRECIATION (ES ACT) (INR crores)

Total Depreciable Amount
Opening Depreciation Fund
Yearly Depreciation (ES Act)
Cumulative Depreciation Fund
Advance Dep. for loan Repayment
Return on Eq. for loan Repayment
Closing Cummulative Dep. Fund
Total Depreciation
Net Depreciable Amount
1162.81
0.00
45.22
45.22
90.44
0.00
45.22
-45.22
45.22
1162.81
1117.59
-45.22
45.22
0.00
90.44
0.00
45.22
-90.44
45.22
1117.59
1072.37
-90.44
45.22
-45.22
90.44
0.00
45.22
-135.66
45.22
1072.37
1027.15
-135.66
45.22
-90.44
90.44
0.00
45.22
-180.88
45.22
1027.15
981.93
-180.88
45.22
-135.66
90.44
0.00
45.22
-226.10
45.22
981.93
936.71
-226.10
45.22
-180.88
90.44
0.00
45.22
-226.10
45.22
936.71
891.49
-226.10
45.22
-180.88
90.44
0.00
45.22
-226.10
45.22
891.49
846.27
-226.10
45.22
-180.88
90.44
0.00
45.22
-226.10
45.22
846.27
801.05
-226.10
45.22
-180.88
90.44
0.00
45.22
-226.10
45.22
801.05
755.83
-226.10
45.22
-180.88
90.44
0.00
45.22
-226.10
45.22
755.83
710.61
-226.10
45.22
-180.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
-180.88
45.22
710.61
665.39
-180.88
45.22
-135.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
-135.66
45.22
665.39
DEPRECIATION (IT ACT) (INR crores)

Sum at charge
Depreciation (IT Act)
Dep.limited to 90% of capital cost
1292.02
323.00
323.00
969.01
242.25
242.25
726.76
181.69
181.69
545.07
136.27
136.27
408.80
102.20
102.20
306.60
76.65
76.65
229.95
57.49
57.49
172.46
43.12
43.12
129.35
32.34
0.15
97.01
24.25
0.00
72.76
18.19
0.00
54.57
13.64
0.00
INTEREST ON WORKING CAPITAL

WORKING CAPITAL
O & M Expenses - 1 month
Spares 1 year - 1/5th cap spares
Receivables for 2 months
DEP(ES Act)
Interest
Return on Equity
O&M
I.Tax
Interest on W.C.
Total Working capital
Interest on Working Capital
3/12
Annexure -
13.3

Debt:Equity Ratio
Yr 1
TAX LIABILITY (INR crores)
Yearly Profit/loss
Cummulative Profit/loss (+/-)
Tax liability
CAPACITY AND ENERGY CHARGES
Annual Capacity Charge (INR crores)
Annual Energy Charge (INR crores)
Total Annual Charge (INR crores)
Average Tariff (INR/kWh)
Average Tariff for 5 years (INR/kWh)
Discount rate (%)
Discounted Average Tariff (INR/kWh)
Levellised Eq.Avg. Tariff (INR/kWh)
12.00 / Year
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
7.0
Yr 9
Yr 10
3.0
Yr 11
Yr 12
-223.52
-223.52
0.00
-142.77
-366.29
0.00
-82.20
-448.49
0.00
-36.78
-485.27
0.00
-2.72
-487.99
0.00
22.83
-465.15
0.00
42.00
-423.16
0.00
56.37
-366.79
0.00
99.34
-267.45
0.00
99.49
-167.96
0.00
99.49
-68.48
0.00
99.49
31.01
13.95
131.14
122.10
113.05
104.01
94.96
85.92
76.87
67.83
58.79
49.74
45.22
45.22
77.43
78.27
79.17
80.11
81.11
82.17
83.29
84.47
85.72
87.04
88.50
104.30
208.57
3.86
3.56
200.37
3.71
192.22
3.56
184.12
3.41
176.08
3.26
168.09
3.11
2.82
160.16
2.97
152.30
2.82
144.51
2.68
136.78
2.53
133.72
2.48
3.10
149.52
2.77
1
3.86
3.32
2
3.31
3
2.84
4/12
4
2.43
5
2.07
6
1.77
7
1.50
8
1.28
9
1.08
10
0.91
11
0.80
12
0.80
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio
Yr 13
BASIC PARAMETERS
Capacity (MW)
Equity Portion (%)
Debt Portion (%)
Tax rate (%)
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 14
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 15
Yr 16
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92

Loan Component
904.4
Fin. Institutions
904.41
Equity component
387.60
1292.0
387.60
Period
Repayment
Financial Inst.
Moratorium
10
Installment/yr.
0
90.44
5/12
Yr 17
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 18
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 19
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 20
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
7.0
Yr 21
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 22
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
3.0
Yr 23
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 24
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio
AGENCY
Cum. Loan Repaid
LOAN SERVICING
7.0
3.0
Yr 13
Yr 14
Yr 15
Yr 16
Yr 17
Yr 18
Yr 19
Yr 20
Yr 21
Yr 22
Yr 23
Yr 24
Year
13
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
14
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
15
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
16
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
17
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
18
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
19
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
20
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
21
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
22
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
23
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
24
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
Year
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

INTEREST ON CAPITAL
6/12
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio
Yr 13
Yr 14
Yr 15
Yr 16
Yr 17
Yr 18
Yr 19
Yr 20
7.0
Yr 21
Yr 22
3.0
Yr 23
Yr 24
RATE OF RETURN
Equity amount
Return on Equity
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
O & M EXPENSES
34.80
36.54
38.37
40.29
42.30
44.42
46.64
48.97
51.42
53.99
56.69
59.53
2.90
2.58
3.05
2.58
3.20
2.58
3.36
2.58
3.53
2.58
3.70
2.58
3.89
2.58
4.08
2.58
4.29
2.58
4.50
2.58
4.72
2.58
4.96
2.58
7.54
0.00
9.04
5.80
7.46
0.43
35.76
3.49
7.54
0.00
9.04
6.09
7.46
0.44
36.20
3.53
7.54
0.00
9.04
6.40
7.46
0.44
36.66
3.57
7.54
0.00
9.04
6.72
7.46
0.45
37.15
3.62
7.54
0.00
9.04
7.05
7.46
0.45
37.66
3.67
7.54
0.00
9.04
7.40
7.46
0.46
38.19
3.72
7.54
0.00
9.04
7.77
7.46
0.47
38.75
3.78
7.54
0.00
9.04
8.16
7.46
0.47
39.34
3.84
7.54
0.00
9.04
8.57
7.46
0.48
39.96
3.90
7.54
0.00
9.04
9.00
7.46
0.49
40.61
3.96
7.54
0.00
9.04
9.45
7.46
0.50
41.30
4.03
7.54
0.00
9.04
9.92
7.46
0.51
42.01
4.10

Total Depreciation
620.17
-135.66
45.22
-90.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
-90.44
45.22
620.17
574.95
-90.44
45.22
-45.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
-45.22
45.22
574.95
529.73
-45.22
45.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.22
529.73
484.51
0.00
45.22
45.22
0.00
0.00
0.00
45.22
45.22
484.51
439.29
45.22
45.22
90.44
0.00
0.00
0.00
90.44
45.22
439.29
394.06
90.44
45.22
135.66
0.00
0.00
0.00
135.66
45.22
394.06
348.84
135.66
45.22
180.88
0.00
0.00
0.00
180.88
45.22
348.84
303.62
180.88
45.22
226.10
0.00
0.00
0.00
226.10
45.22
303.62
258.40
226.10
45.22
271.32
0.00
0.00
0.00
271.32
45.22
258.40
213.18
271.32
45.22
316.54
0.00
0.00
0.00
316.54
45.22
213.18
167.96
316.54
45.22
361.76
0.00
0.00
0.00
361.76
45.22
167.96
122.74
361.76
45.22
406.98
0.00
0.00
0.00
406.98
45.22
122.74

Sum at charge
40.93
10.23
0.00
30.69
7.67
0.00
23.02
5.76
0.00
17.27
4.32
0.00
12.95
3.24
0.00
9.71
2.43
0.00
7.28
1.82
0.00
5.46
1.37
0.00
4.10
1.02
0.00
3.07
0.77
0.00
2.30
0.58
0.00
1.73
0.43
0.00

WORKING CAPITAL
DEP(ES Act)
Interest
Return on Equity
O&M
I.Tax
Interest on W.C.
7/12
Annexure - 13.3
Debt:Equity Ratio
Yr 13
Yearly Profit/loss
Tax liability
Yr 14
Yr 15
Yr 16
Yr 17
Yr 18
Yr 19
Yr 20
7.0
Yr 21
Yr 22
3.0
Yr 23
Yr 24
99.49
130.49
44.77
99.49
229.98
44.77
99.49
329.46
44.77
99.49
428.95
44.77
99.49
528.43
44.77
99.49
627.92
44.77
99.49
727.40
44.77
99.49
826.89
44.77
99.49
926.38
44.77
99.49
1025.86
44.77
99.49
1125.35
44.77
99.49
1224.83
44.77
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
45.22
137.32
139.11
140.98
142.94
145.01
147.18
149.45
151.84
154.35
156.99
159.75
162.66

182.54
3.38
184.33
3.41
186.20
3.45
188.17
3.49
3.57
190.23
3.52
192.40
3.56
194.67
3.61
197.06
3.65
199.57
3.70
3.80
202.21
3.75
204.97
3.80
207.88
3.85

Discount rate (%)

12.00 / Year
13
0.87
14
0.78
15
0.71
16
0.64
8/12
17
0.57
18
0.52
19
0.47
20
0.42
21
0.38
22
0.35
23
0.31
24
0.28
Annexure - 13.3
7.0
Yr 25
BASIC PARAMETERS
Capacity (MW)
Equity Portion (%)
Debt Portion (%)
Tax rate (%)
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 26
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 27
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92

Loan Component
904.4
Fin. Institutions
904.41
Equity component
387.60
1292.0
387.60
Period
Repayment
Financial Inst.
Moratorium
10
Installment/yr.
0
90.44
9/12
Yr 28
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 29
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 30
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 31
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 32
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 33
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
3.0
Yr 34
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Yr 35
160.00
1115.61
1292.02
30.00
70.00
8.08
9.75
30.00
10.00
557.07
545.36
539.92
Annexure - 13.3
7.0
AGENCY
Cum. Loan Repaid
LOAN SERVICING
3.0
Yr 25
Yr 26
Yr 27
Yr 28
Yr 29
Yr 30
Yr 31
Yr 32
Yr 33
Yr 34
Yr 35
Year
25
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
26
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
27
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
28
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
29
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
30
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
31
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
32
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
33
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
34
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
35
1.50
5.00
14.00
3.50
25.00
2.58
0.50
0.50
Year
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
904.41
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00

INTEREST ON CAPITAL
10/12
Annexure - 13.3
7.0
Yr 25
Yr 26
Yr 27
Yr 28
Yr 29
Yr 30
Yr 31
Yr 32
Yr 33
3.0
Yr 34
Yr 35
RATE OF RETURN
Equity amount
Return on Equity
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
387.60
54.26
O & M EXPENSES
62.50
65.63
68.91
72.36
75.97
79.77
83.76
87.95
92.35
96.96
101.81

WORKING CAPITAL
DEP(ES Act)
Interest
Return on Equity
O&M
I.Tax
Interest on W.C.
5.21
2.58
5.47
2.58
5.74
2.58
6.03
2.58
6.33
2.58
6.65
2.58
6.98
2.58
7.33
2.58
7.70
2.58
8.08
2.58
8.48
2.58
7.54
0.00
9.04
10.42
7.46
0.51
42.77
4.17
5.38
0.00
9.04
10.94
6.49
0.49
40.40
3.94
0.00
0.00
9.04
11.48
4.07
0.40
33.33
3.25
0.00
0.00
9.04
12.06
4.07
0.41
34.20
3.33
0.00
0.00
9.04
12.66
4.07
0.42
35.11
3.42
0.00
0.00
9.04
13.30
4.07
0.43
36.08
3.52
0.00
0.00
9.04
13.96
4.07
0.45
37.08
3.62
0.00
0.00
9.04
14.66
4.07
0.46
38.14
3.72
0.00
0.00
9.04
15.39
4.07
0.47
39.26
3.83
0.00
0.00
9.04
16.16
4.07
0.49
40.43
3.94
0.00
0.00
9.04
16.97
4.07
0.50
41.65
4.06

Total Depreciation
77.52
406.98
45.22
452.21
0.00
0.00
0.00
452.21
45.22
77.52
32.30
452.21
32.30
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
32.30
32.30
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00
0.00
484.51
0.00
0.00

Sum at charge
1.30
0.32
0.00
0.97
0.24
0.00
0.73
0.18
0.00
0.55
0.14
0.00
0.41
0.10
0.00
0.31
0.08
0.00
0.23
0.06
0.00
0.17
0.04
0.00
0.13
0.03
0.00
0.10
0.02
0.00
0.07
0.02
0.00
11/12
Annexure - 13.3
7.0
Yr 25
Yearly Profit/loss
Tax liability
Yr 26
Yr 27
Yr 28
Yr 29
Yr 30
Yr 31
Yr 32
Yr 33
3.0
Yr 34
Yr 35
99.49
1324.32
44.77
86.57
1410.88
38.95
54.26
1465.15
24.42
54.26
1519.41
24.42
54.26
1573.68
24.42
54.26
1627.94
24.42
54.26
1682.20
24.42
54.26
1736.47
24.42
54.26
1790.73
24.42
54.26
1845.00
24.42
54.26
1899.26
24.42
45.22
32.30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
165.71
162.79
150.84
154.37
158.08
161.97
166.06
170.35
174.86
179.59
184.56

210.93
3.91
195.09
3.61
3.04
150.84
2.79
154.37
2.86
158.08
2.93
161.97
3.00
166.06
3.08
3.24
170.35
3.16
174.86
3.24
179.59
3.33
184.56
3.42

Discount rate (%)

12.00 / Year
25
0.26
26
0.21
27
0.15
12/12
28
0.13
29
0.12
30
0.11
31
0.10
32
0.09
33
0.09
34
0.08
35
0.07

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PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E.

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

70.0 m long and 5.0 m dia penstock 5 Nos.

A surface power house having an installation of 5 Kaplan turbines

POWER POTENTIAL STUDIES

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

POWER EVACUATION ASPECTS

management plans have to be formulated for acquisition of forest land, wildlife

ESTIMATES OF THE COST

Rs. (in Crores)

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

The tariff has been worked out

considering a debt-equity ratio of 70:30, 16% return on equity and annual

The Wainganga HE Project involves simple civil works and could be

Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal Report imposes restriction on utilisation of

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

POWER SCENARIO IN WESTERN REGION

2.2.1 Present Status

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

The statewise energy requirement at power station Bus-bars and energy

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

NECESSITY OF HYDRO POWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE STATE

2.3.1 Scenario of Hydro-electric Projects

Koyana Stage III

Surya RBC fall

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

Vaitarna (Dam toe)

Pench (Interstate project) 2

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

Projects completed by Private Agencies

Total Potential Created

Total Estimated potential of ongoing projects

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

2.3.2 Hydro and Thermal Power Mix

2847.17 9414.0 2223.9 0

The development of Hydro-electric and thermal energy generation in

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

2.3.3 Actual Power Supply Position

2.3.4 Capacity addition during 10th Plan (2002-2007)

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

Capacity addition Benefit / Shares

SIPAT STPP ST-I

PARLI TPP ST-I

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT

BRIDGING THE GAP OF HYDRO POWER GENERATION

Wainganga H.E. Project

Godavari River Basin

Samda H.E. Project

Godavari River Basin

Ghargaon H.E. Project

Godavari River Basin

Kunghara H.E. Project

Godavari River Basin

Pranhita H.E. Project

Pranhita River Basin

Varna River Basin

Kumbhi-I H.E. Project

Krishna River Basin

Kasari-I H.E. Project

Kasari River Basin

Hiranyakashi Vedganga H.E. Project

Vedganga River Basin

PFR STUDIES OF WAINGANGA H.E. PROJECT