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Objective: Review set of reservoir logs following guidelines shown below. Be able to
identify the permeable zones, their fluid content and hydrocarbon saturation.
Workflow
Data availability
Permeable beds
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
-2 0 0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
0 .2
5 6 0 0
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
-2 0 0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
Workflow
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
-2 0 0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
Workflow
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
Possible
mudcake
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
SP deflection
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
low gamma ray,
combined with good
porosity
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
density-neutron
reading similar
porosity
Separation of
Rxo and Rt
Workflow
5 6 0 0
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Workflow
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
Workflow
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Data availability,
1 5 0 . 0 .2
Permeable beds,
6 . 0 .2
1Lithology
0 . 0type
.2
Fluid
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
IL D ( O H M M )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
S FL (O H M M )
2 0 0 0 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
Shale type 3
Shale type 2
5 6 0 0
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
-2 0 0 .
5 4 0 0
Workflow
5 5 0 0
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
5 6 0 0
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
Workflow
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Data availability,
1 5 0 . 0 .2
Permeable beds,
6 . 0 .2
1Lithology
0 . 0type
.2
Fluid
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
IL D ( O H M M )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
IL M ( O H M M )
S FL (O H M M )
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S Sseen
( V / V ) in
Low2 0and
high resistivity
0 0 . 0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
2 0 0 0 .
permeable
zones of constant porosity,
so hydrocarbon likely present in high
resistivity zone, and water in low
resistivity zone.
5 4 0 0
Possible
hydrocarbon zone
Possible water zone
5 6 0 0
10
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
11
Workflow
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
12
-2 0 0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
Workflow
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
13
-2 0 0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
Workflow
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Workflow
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Data availability,
1 5 0 . 0 .2
Permeable beds,
6 . 0 .2
1Lithology
0 . 0type
.2
Fluid
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
IL D ( O H M M )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
2 0 0 0 .
14
Workflow
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Data availability,
1 5 0 . 0 .2
Permeable beds,
6 . 0 .2
1Lithology
0 . 0type
.2
Fluid
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
IL D ( O H M M )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
2 0 0 0 .
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
15
Sw = n
a Rw
Rt
0.8
Rw from Archie
Induction Principles
B a s a l Q u a r tz N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
5 5 0 0
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
17
5 6 0 0
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
-Rt = 0.8
5 4 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
IL M ( O H M M )
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
-Rxo = 16
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
Rw = Rmf . Rt / Rxo
= 0.6 * 0.8/16
= 0.03
19
5 6 0 0
Rw =
~ 0.03 (Ratio)
Rw from SP
Induction Principles
B a s a l Q u a r tz N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
0 .
0 .2
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
20
5 6 0 0
0 .4 5
Shale
baseline
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
S FL (O H M M )
Sand
baseline
-140 mV
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
IL M ( O H M M )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
21
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
What RAreFrom
Typical
Resistivity?
SP Values
Log - of
Example
of steps 2-5
w
2) Convert Rmf to
correct value at
reservoir temperature
(if needed).
Rcorr9
SP1
SP2
SP2
3) Input Rmf to
get Rmfeq
4) Input SSP,
temperature and Rmfeq
to get Rweq
5) Input Rweq to
get Rw
Exampl
e
If Salinity is > 70KPPM
e
Estimate Rmfeq from this
Chart (SP-2)
SP-2
0.4
Input data:
Salinity=2000
Rmf = 0.6 at BHT
So...
Use Rmfeq=.85*Rmf
Rmfeq ~= 0.51
Now use this value
as input to next
Chart.
24
Rweq
Inputs:
SSP= -140 mV
T = 150 oC
Rmfeq = 0.51
Outputs:
Rweq = 0.02
Exampl
e
Rweq or
Rmfeq
Inputs:
T = 150 oC
Rweq = 0.02
0.02
Outputs:
Rw = 0.026
SP-2
0.026
26
Rw or Rmf
Rw from
3 independent methods
Induction
Principles
B a s a l Q u a r tz N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Rw =
~ 0.032 (Archie)
5 4 0 0
Rw =
~ 0.03 (Ratio)
5 5 0 0
Rw =
~ 0.026 (SP)
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
28
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Workflow
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
Workflow
Data availability,
Permeable beds,
Lithology
Fluid type
Porosity D EFPTT H
Water resistivity
Water saturation
1 :5 0 0
B a s a l Q u a r tz N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
-2 0 0 .
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Rw = 0.03
-Rt = 20 ohm m
5 5 0 0
29
5 6 0 0
1/2
.8
*
.03
=
.18 * .18 * 20
(0.037 ) ^ .5
0.19
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
Workflow
D EPTH
DataF availability,
0 .
T
Permeable beds,
6 .
Lithology
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
1/2
.8
*
.03
=
.14 * .14 * 15
5 4 0 0
Rw = 0.03
(0.08 ) ^ .5
0.28
5 5 0 0
-Rt = 15 ohm m
-Density porosity = 14pu
5 6 0 0
30
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
Workflow
D EPTH
DataF availability,
0 .
T
Permeable beds,
6 .
Lithology
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
5 4 0 0
Rw = 0.03
5 5 0 0
0 .4 5
-Rt = 2 ohm m
.8 * .03
.17 * .17* 2
(0.45 ) ^ .5
0.65
1/2
31
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
Workflow
D EPTH
DataF availability,
0 .
T
Permeable beds,
6 .
Lithology
1 :5 0 0
-2 0 0 .
Fluid type
Porosity
Water resistivity
Water saturation
5 4 0 0
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
G R ( G A P I)
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Sw = 0.19
Sw = 1
5 5 0 0
Sw = .28
5 6 0 0
32
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
Sw = .65
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Net
Sand
5 4 0 0
Sw
Sw==0.19
0.19
Sw = 1
5 5 0 0
Sw = .28
5 6 0 0
33
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
Sw = .65
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
Net
Pay
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Net
Sand
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
Sw = 0.19
Sw =value
1 is delivered.
Often a net sand and a net pay
Here the net sand matches the porous and permeable
intervals identified earlier.
Net pay is typically where porosity exceeds about 10pu,
and Sw < 60%, but these values normally need calibration
with core permeability production results.
Sw = .28
5 6 0 0
34
Sw = .65
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
Net
Pay
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
2 0 0 0 .
Net
Sand
5 4 0 0
Sw = 0.19
Sw = 1
5 5 0 0
Sw = .28
5 6 0 0
35
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
Sw = .65
- 0 .1 5
B a s a l Q u a r t z N o .1
0 6 /2 8 /2 0 0 2 1 0 :0 2 :0 6 A M
D EPTH
FT
G R ( G A P I)
0 .
IL D ( O H M M )
1 5 0 .
0 .2
C A L I ( IN )
6 .
5 4 0 0
5 5 0 0
5 6 0 0
36
-2 0 0 .
0 .4 5
IL M ( O H M M )
1 6 .
0 .2
S P (M V )
1 :5 0 0
P H ID ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
2 0 0 0 .
S FL (O H M M )
0 .
0 .2
- 0 .1 5
P H IN S S ( V / V )
2 0 0 0 .
0 .4 5
- 0 .1 5