Power Quality Analyser

TOPAS 1000

Effecting measurement tasks in medium and low

voltage networks faster and with a single tool:
Analysis of disturbances and their causes
Determine reserves of transformer/feeder
Acquire and analyse transient events
Power quality as per EN 50160
Detection of interferences, power peaks
Function test of ripple control systems
Day extreme values
Report writer

General
Measuring System
TOPAS 1000 is a power network analyser that can be used to
locate interference sources and assess mains voltage quality in
compliance with the applicable standards. The extremely rugged
mechanical construction (IP65) of TOPAS 1000 is highly estimated
especially under harsh or wet conditions. The large data memory
(512 MB Compact Flash-card, optional 1 GB or 2 GB) provides
effecting long-term recordings. These recordings are the basis for
detailed evaluations and analyses to assess disturbances and the
mains voltage quality.
TOPAS 1000 was developed in cooperation with power utilities
optimised for field applications and the requirements of operating
electrical energy assets.
TOPAS 1000 fields of applications:
Disturbance source detection
Voltage, current and power analysis
Load and energy measurements
Transient analysis
Signalling voltage analysis (ripple control systems)
Power quality analysis as per EN 50160
Measurement methods, evaluations:
Assessment of PQ as per EN50160
rms values with adjustable intervals
Sample values (oscilloscope)
Amplitude spectrum
Signalling voltage analysis (ripple control systems)
Transients

General specification
Intrinsic error:

refers to reference conditions and is

guaranteed for two years

Quality system:

developed, manufactured as per

DIN ISO 9001

Environment conditions:
Operating temp. range: 0C ... +40C
Storage temp. range:
-20C ... +70C
Relative humidity:
10% ... 80%, no dewing
Operating altitude:
max. 2000 m
Reference conditions: 23C 2K, 230 V 10%, 50 Hz / 60 Hz
10 minute intervals, PF=1.0
Housing:

insulated, robust housing

Protection:

IP65 as per EN 60529 with interface cover

closed

Safety:

TOPAS 1000 is conform to CE-marking,

complies to EN 61010-1

EMC:
Emission:
Immunity:

EN 61326-1: 1997 p. 12, table 3:

limits for class A equipment
Voltage inputs:
EN 61326-1: 1997, EN 61326-6/7,
amendment A1: 1998

Power supply:
Range
Safety:
Power consumption:

AC: 83 V 264 V, 45...65Hz

DC: 100 V ... 375 V
IEC/EN 61010-1 300 V CAT II, class I
max. 30 VA

In case of a power supply failure an internal accumulator maintains

the supply for up to 3 minutes. Afterwards, or in case of discharged
accumulators the TOPAS 1000 is turned off and continues the
measurements as soon as the supply voltage returns. The
accumulator can be replaced by the user.
Display
TOPAS 1000 features 9 LEDs as status display for the 8 channels
and the power supply.
Power LED
Permanent light: normal power supply from mains.
Flashing light: supply via internal accumulator in case of a
power failure.
Channel LEDs
OFF, brief light ON: too low or no measuring signal
ON, brief light OFF: overload
Permanent light: channel o.k.
Rapid flashing: sensors incorrectly connected.
Data memory:

Internal 512 MB Compact Flash card,

1 GB, or 2 GB CF-card optional

Memory model:

linear or circular

Interfaces:

Ethernet (100MB/s, compatible to

Windows 98/ME/NT/2000/XP
RS 232
external modem connected to RS 232

Baudrate for RS 232: 9600 Baud 115 kBaud

Dimensions:

325 mm x 300 m x 65 mm (H x W x D)

Weight:

appr. 4 kg (without accessories)

Warranty:

2 years

Self-test
TOPAS 1000 features comprehensive functions for system
diagnosis. The internal data memory, input channels, sensors,
interfaces and battery are tested and a diagnosis protocol is
created. The analogue channels are tested by measuring the noise
voltage and the offset voltage.

Block diagram
Overvoltage
protection

Mains detection
Mains/Accu

AC

V-Sensor

I-Sensor

Sensor-ID
evaluation

EEPROM

Clock generation
Synchronisation

RS 232

Dig. I/O

FIFO

Accu

Ethernet

EEPROM

CPU

Measurement intervals
Voltage, current rms values: 10 ms, 3 s, 10 min, 24 h.
Min-, Max-values: 10 ms rms values
Transients:
100 kHz 10 MHz sample rate per channel
Frequency:
10 s, 3 s, 10 min, 1 h, 24 h
Harmonics:
160 ms / 320 ms
Flicker:
as per EN 61000-4-15: 10 min (Pst), 2 h (Plt)

Measurement inputs
TOPAS 1000 features 8 galvanically isolated inputs for voltage and
current measurements.
Safety:

600 V CAT III

Nominal voltage (rms):

200 mV

Range (peak value):

280 mV

Overload capacity (rms):

1000 V, continuously

Voltage rise rate:

max. 15 kV/s

Input resistance:

1 M

Input capacitance:

5 pF

Intrinsic error:

< 1% between 0 2500 Hz

Intrinsic error for harmonics: class A as per EN 61000-4-7

Each channel is equipped with a passive low-pass filter, an antialiasing filter and a 16-bit A/D converter. All channels are sampled
synchronously with a common quartz-controlled clock pulse.

TOPAS 1000 effects measurements with precisely defined

frequency response. Between the 3dB limit frequency at 0.45-fold
sampling frequency and the 1.2 higher frequency the amplitude
response falls 80dB below the A/D converters resolution. Particular
attention is paid to identical phase responses of the analogue inputs
in order to avoid errors during power measurement.
Frequency response 0 Hz to 2500 Hz
Signal level: 100%, sampling rate fs = 10.24 kHz:

AccuManagement

DC

Sampling
The sampling rate is synchronised to mains frequency in the range
from 45 - 65 Hz with a resolution of 10 ppm and is 6.400 Hz in the
50 Hz network. The absolute error for frequency measurements is
200 ppm.

The filters protect against voltage transients and limit the signal rise
rate, reduce high frequency components and especially the noise
voltage above half the sampling rate of the A/D converter by 80dB,
thus achieving very small measuring errors in an exceptionally large
amplitude range. This is also valid under extreme operating
conditions like transient voltages at the output of converters.

Calibration interval: 2 years recommended

83 ... 264 V AC
100...375 V DC

Signal conditioning

512 MB
CF-card

Frequency response from 0 Hz to 100 kHz - Signal level: 100%

Common mode rejection

Common mode rejection between 0 Hz and 100 kHz:
-130 dB of measuring range.
Temperature drift
Change of amplification through temperature: < 150 ppm / K.
Ageing
Change of amplification due to ageing: < 0.06 % / year.
Noise
Noise voltage, input short-circuited: < 20 V.
Spectral noise voltage density: 0.4 V / Hz.

Measurement functions
TOPAS 1000 is a data logger recording measuring data for long
periods of time or transferring them online to an analysis computer
(typically a notebook). Measuring data can be retrieved during data
logger operation without interrupting the measurements via one of
the existing interfaces. An online display is also available.

Phase difference between any input channels

Signal frequency: 0 0.54 fs

TOPAS 1000 measures 4 currents and 4 voltages or 8 voltages

alternatively.
Data Logger mode
Assessment of the power quality as per EN 50160, rms values,
extreme values, Flicker intensity, voltage dips, voltage interruptions
(long and short), voltage swells, voltage unbalance, harmonics,
THD, inter-harmonics, signalling voltages, power harmonics
(amplitude and phase angle), transients are recorded with various
averaging intervals.
Online mode
Sample values (waveforms, oscilloscope) of current and voltage,
amplitude spectrum of active and reactive power and transients,
rms values, active power, power factor, phasor diagrams of voltage,
current, and apparent power are available in the online mode..

Measurement methods
Linearity - Signal frequency: 50Hz, sampling rate fs = 6.4 kHz:

Assessment of the power quality as per EN 50160

Harmonics
THD U
Flicker
Voltage events
Unbalance
Frequency
Averaging intervals for 20 ms ... 24 h
rms values of voltage, current
Active power
Apparent power
Power factor
Energy
Day extreme values
Oscilloscope presentation of
Voltage
Current

Accuracy
The total measuring error of the measurement system TOPAS 1000
including voltage or current sensor is far below class 0.5 and the error
for harmonics complies with class A of standard EN 61000-4-7.
TOPAS 1000 is suited for current, voltage and power measurements
at the output of frequency converters. Current measurements on the
converter with shunts are possible. Taking into account the maximum
voltage rise rate the same error indications apply.
The total error results from the error of the TOPAS 1000
measurement channel and the error of the connected sensor. The
error values apply to reference conditions, warmed up instrument
without sensors up to the maximum voltage rise rate.
Frequency

Signal level

Errors U, I
in % of m. v.

Errors for power, PF=1

in % of m. v.

50 Hz
50Hz
<2500 Hz
<2500 Hz

100 %
>1%
100 %
>1 %

<0.1 %
<0.5%
<1 %
<1.2 %

<0.2 %
<1%
<1.2 %
<2.2 %

Transients (optional)
Recording of 4 voltage channels
100 kHz up to 10 MHz sampling rate per channel
20 ms to 2 s recording period
Triggering at voltage levels of high-frequency signal components
6 kV input voltage range
Amplitude spectrum of
Voltage, current
Active power, reactive power
Ripple control signals
Ripple control signals (voltage, current, active power, power
factor)
Frequency
Level
Course versus time
Symmetrical components
Zero-, positive negative sequence
3

Measurement functions - overview

Trigger conditions
TOPAS 1000 can determine the trigger thresholds automatically.
This operating mode requires no settings. The trigger thresholds
can also be set manually by the user. If the trigger thresholds are
exceeded harmonics, rms values and powers, oscilloscope views of
current and voltage, transients and signalling voltages can be
recorded.

Power quality
all parameters as per
EN50160
1 day average values
Free intervall (1 min 1
day)

It is also possible to trigger upon exceeding one or more harmonics

(1 50). For all channels it is possible to trigger on upper or lower
violation of oscilloscope or rms threshold values.

10 minute average
values:
voltage, current,
frequency, Flicker, power
values, symmetrical
components

Hardware settings
Current and voltage sensors can be connected to any channel. The
assignment measured quantity channel and the setting of the
measuring range are effected during configuration. Certain
measuring ranges or sensors can be predefined. If the wrong
sensor is connected in that case the measuring instrument will react
by flashing the LED of the respective channel. An additional scaling
factor can be entered for each channel: the transformer ratio of
current or voltage transformers can be taken into account.

Events, triggers
Dips, swells, interruptions
3 sec average values:
Harmonics, THD

Measuring data analysis

Rms values

The measuring results are presented graphically as level time

diagrams, or cumulative frequency functions, or bar diagrams.
Different data can be superimposed in one diagram. Each data
point can be selected by cursor and its data displayed in numerical
fields. Sections of a diagram can be exported as a text table. Copy
& Paste via the Windows clipboard is possible. ASCII-tables can
be imported into spreadsheet applications. Day extreme value
presentations compress data out of long-term recordings to
comprehensive evaluations. A configurable report writer provides
repetitive protocol generation.

Averaging time adjustable

between
10 ms 1 day
Sample rate:
10,24 kHz / channel
Transients: 100 kHz
10 MHz / channel

EN 50160 analysis

Ripple control signals on

phases and N-conductor

This analysis provides a rapid overview of the power quality. By red

and green bars we can see whether the PQ is compliant or if further
investigations are necessary.

Voltage, current active

power
Online mode

oscilloscope
transients events

Configuration
Before starting data logging TOPAS 1000 must be configured with
a computer and the TOPAS software. Configuration files can be
stored, loaded and compiled with menu-guidance. The configuration
menu provides for the following settings:

Descriptive text
A descriptive text can be entered into a text box with information on
the measurement.

Nominal values and limit values

All the limits complying with EN 50160 can be set.

Interharmonics
The rms value of all interharmonics and the TID is measured. If a
preset threshold is exceeded oscilloscope values are recorded and
the interharmonics can be evaluated.

Measuring time
Start time and stop time for measurement campaigns can be
defined. A universal time trigger records pre-selected parameters
during defined time periods, also periodically if required.

Memory management
The amount of memory for various measurement parameters can
be reserved. This will avoid the memory being filled unintentionally
e.g. with oscilloscope values. The memory management can be
circular or linear. Linear: no more data is stored on reaching the
memory limit. Circular: the oldest data records are overwritten.
4

Power quality overview as per EN50160 in CODAM format:

Day extreme values

In this presentation the measurement data of a long period are
presented as a day profile.

A compliance report (text protocol) can be issued immediately.

Oscilloscope
Events list
A compact overview of all events that occurred (30.000 events
occupy 1MB of memory only). This list can be transferred without
problems even via modem connections.

The oscilloscope function is used to evaluate current and voltage

waveforms. Highly distorted voltages cause thermal overloads of
neutral wires and transformers.

Transients
With the sorting functions it is possible to select and analyse the
most important events. Clicking on the items in the list opens
immediately detailed presentations (level-time diagrams) for further
analysis.

Transient short voltage swells caused by switching in the network or

lightning strikes can destroy electronic devices. Only by means of
transients analysis such influences can be examined.

CBEMA presentation
The events can also be displayed in the CBEMA (ANSI) diagram
events are classified according to amplitude and duration.

Electronic devices can also be the reason for such interferences

which can be located only with fast-sampling transient analysis.
Amplitude spectrum of voltage, current and power is provided.

Ripple control signal analysis

Input
resistance2)

Order number

Some equipment like street lighting and heating devices are remote
controlled by means of signalling voltages. Multi-tariff meters can also
be switched with these signals. Interferences may result in
comprehensive, time-consuming analysis and damage to equipment.

Intrinsic error

Safety

EP1012A

1 MOhm

300 V CAT II

A 6805 02004

16 kOhm

0.15 %

300 V CAT II

EP 1002A

16 kOhm

0.15 %

300 V CAT II

EP 1110A

16 kOhm

0.15 %

300 V CAT II

A 6805 02001

2 MOhm

0.15 %

600 V CAT III

A 6805 02002

2 MOhm

0.15 %

600 V CAT III

A 6805 020021)

2 MOhm

5%

600 V CAT III

EP1011A

4 MOhm

0.2 %

600 V CAT III

EP1011A 1)

2 MOhm

5%

600 V CAT III

EG 0001Z

2 MOhm

0.15 %

600 V CAT III

A 6805 02007

2 MOhm

0.15 %

600 V CAT III

EP 1010A

4 MOhm

0.15 %

600 V CAT IV

1) with TOPAS 1000 with Transient option only

2) input resistance between red and black connector

operating
voltage

0.5
%

40 Hz
10 kHz

0.5

600 V
CAT III

5 A / 50 A
A 6805 01048

0.05 A5 A
0.5 A...50 A

18 A
180 A

0.5
%

40 Hz...
10 kHz

0.5

600 V
CAT III

20 A / 200 A
A 6805 01050

0.2 A...20 A
2 A...200 A

74 A
300 A

0.5
%

40 Hz...
10 kHz

0.5

600 V
CAT III

All probes contain a memory for calibration factors, sensor identity

and serial number which is read automatically by TOPAS 1000.
Ranges can be selected in the TOPAS software.

100 A / 1000 A
A 6805 01052

1 A100 A
10 A1200 A

370 A
1700 A

0.5
%

40 Hz...
10 kHz

0.5

600 V
CAT III

Other measuring transducers can be used in front of these standard

sensors.

100 A / 500 A
EP 1205A

240 A
1350 A

1%

45 Hz...
3.0 kH z

0.5

600 V
CAT III

1%

45 Hz...
3.0 kH z

0.5

600 V
CAT III

10 kA
19 kA

1%

45 Hz...
3.0 kH z

0.5

600 V
CAT III

ranges

Voltage probes for various ranges between 200 mV and 1000 V are
available for TOPAS 1000.

Clip-on current transformers for AC current

Current sensors for direct current measurement (shunts) are

available between 20 mA and 5 A.

1 A / 10 A
A 6805 01049

Passive current clamps (AC only) are available in ranges with 1 A

up to 1000 A, 2 ranges can be selected in the TOPAS software.
Flexible current sensors (LEM~flex) are available for ranges
between 100 A and 6000 A AC, 2 ranges can be selected in the
TOPAS software.

LEM~flex for AC current

200 A / 1000 A
EP 1210A

Voltage Sensors
Temperature drift: 100 ppm / K
Aging:
<0.06 % / year
All voltage sensors are suitable for DC ... 3 kHz.

error

3.7 A
37 A

Peak
current *)

0.01 A...1 A
0.1 A...10 A

Test probes technical specification

Sensor type

Phase
error

Current sensors - specification

Frequency
range

This function provides a very useful tool to detect the source of

interferences. All quantities which could influence these signals are
analysed and displayed (signal level too low, pulse rise rate too
low,...)

3000 A / 6000 A
EP 1360A

1 A...100 A.
5 A500 A
2 A...200 A
10 A1000 A
30 A3000 A
60 A6000 A

480 A
2700 A

Shunts for AC and DC currents **)

Trans.
Option

Unom

Range rms

Umax
contin.

EP1012A

0.2 V

0.010.2 V

100 V

A 6805 02004

1V

0.011.7 V

100 V

EP 1002A

5V

0.058.5 V

100 V

Order number

EP 1110A

10 V

0.117 V

100 V

A 6805 02001

yes

100 V

1170 V

1000 V

A 6805 02002

yes

400 V

4680 V

1000 V

A 6805 020021)

yes

6000 V

6000 V <1 ms

1000 V

EP1011A

yes

400 V

4680 V

1000 V

EP1011A 1)

yes

750 V

5750 V

1000 V

EG 0001Z

yes

480 V

4.8820 V

1000 V

A 6805 02007

yes

830 V

101400 V

1000 V

EP 1010A

yes

1000 V

101700 V

2000 V

20 mA
A 6805 01057

055 mA

77,8 mA
Imax=1,5 A

0.2
%

DC...
3.0 kHz

0.1

300 V
CAT II

1A
A 6805 01054

02.8 A

4,0 A
Imax=6,5 A

0.2
%

DC...
3.0 kHz

0.1

300 V
CAT II

5A
A 6805 01055

010 A

21,9 A
Imax=10 A

0.2
%

DC...
3.0 kHz

0.1

300 V
CAT II

Errors in % of measuring range at 23C 3K, for 4865 Hz

Phase angle error at nominal current
*) for sinusoidal currents
**) Imax maximum current without time limit

Scope of delivery, accessories, service

Accessories

Power Quality Analyser

LEM~flex

TOPAS 1000
Standard
equipment

TOPAS 1000 TS

TOPAS 1000 S

TOPAS 1000 S

TOPAS 1000 S

8 channels (4 x current / 4 x
voltage or 8 x voltage),
EN50160 + Ripple control
option, Ethernet, RS232
interface, 512 MB CF-card
TOPAS 1000
3 LEM~flex 200 A / 1000 A,
3 sensors 400 V, trigger
option, carrying case
TOPAS 1000
3 LEM~flex 200 A / 1000 A,
3 sensors 400 V
TOPAS 1000
3 x 1 A / 10 A current probes,
3 sensors 400 V,
TOPAS 1000
3 sensors 400 V

A 5505 10010

EP1205A

200 A / 1000 A, 61 cm, 2 m cable

EP1210A

3000 A / 6000 A, 91 cm, 4 m cable

EP1360A

Current probes
1 A / 10 A,
max. conductor cross section 15 mm, 2 m cable

A 6805 01049

A 5505 10011

5 A / 50 A,
max. conductor cross section 15 mm, 2 m cable

A 6805 01048

EP1130A

20 A / 200 A,
max. conductor cross section 15 mm, 2 m cable

A 6805 01050

100 A / 1000 A,
max. conductor cross section 54 mm, 2 m cable

A 6805 01052

EP1140A

Voltage sensors

EP1150A

0.1 V
1V

Options
Trigger function

100 A / 500 A, 45 cm, 2 m cable

automatic, manual triggers

for 4 voltage channels and 4
current channels or 8 voltage
channels, harmonics, THD

EN50160

EN50160 option for

evaluation of power quality +
ripple control option

Transient
analysis 10MHz

for 4 voltage channels,

sampling rate:
100 kHz - 10 MHz,
range: 6 kV, event storage
depth 20 ms - 2 s

A 5505 00110

EP0160A

EP1012A
A 6805 02004

5V

EP1002A

10 V

EP1110A

100 V

A 6805 02001

400 V

A 6805 02002

480 V

EG 0001Z

400V / 750 V
830 V
1000 V

EP1011A
A 6805 02007
EP1010A

Shunts
A 5505 00210

20 mA

A 6805 01057

1A

A 6805 01054

5A

A 6805 01055

GSM modem set

A 5505 00330

Transient
analysis 500kHz

for 4 voltage channels,

sampling rate:
100 kHz - 500 kHz,
range: 6 kV, event storage
depth 400 ms - 2s

NOTIFY

Fault messaging software

Relay box

8 digital alarm outputs

A 5505 00320

Adapter for current and power measurements

A 6045 10200

1 GB CF-card

Memory expansion

A 5505 00351

Safety adapter with high performance fuse

A 6805 02003

2 GB CF-card

Memory expansion

EP1523A

A 5505 00211
EK 2100Z

ETHERNET cable set

EP0004A

Attachement for belt assembly

2 attachements, 1 carrying belt

A 5505 00411

Carrying case

A 5505 00410

ASC-02 certificate with measurement values

E012000030

Distributor:

Printed in EU
Technical modifications reserved
Publication A24330E

www.lem.com
LEM NORMA GmbH
Export department
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CAMPUS 21
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TEL:
+43(0)2236 691 502
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TEL: +44(0)1 695 72 07 77
FAX: +44(0)1 695 50 704
E-mail: luk@lem.com

LEM Instruments Inc.

23822 Hawthorne Boulevard #100
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TEL: +1 310 373 09 66
FAX: +1 310 373 90 56
E-mail: liu@lem.com

LEM Instruments, Inc.

Av. Camino Real, 871
dpto. 502
San Isidro - Lima 27 - Per
TEL: +51-1- 422 03 08
Mobile:+51-1- 9844 55 59
FAX: +51-1- 221 64 92
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B-1300 Wavre
TEL: +32 10 22 67 16
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