LTE Radio Network Planning

Tutorial

LTE Radio Network Design

Overall Picture
Title
Step 1: Initial planning

Step 2: Detailed planning

Our scope
of interest
Step 3: Parameter planning

Step 4: Verification and acceptance

Roll-out / network optimization / extension

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Tools in the Planning Process

Link Level Simulator
Title
System settings/Environment:
System BW
Channel (CIR, CFR)
Number of Antennas
PAPR, Synchronization, Channel estimation algorithms, etc

Link Level Simulator

Inputs
User allocations
MCS
MIMO operation
User/control data
Input data

System settings

Outputs
Performance of channel coding/BER
EVM
Performance of algorithms
Visualization (Time and frequency
plots, BER curves, MCS curves:
throughput vs SNIR)
Example: Frequency response

Channel coding/modulation
Output.
Provides the possibility to adjust/evaluate:
- algorithms of sync, channel estimation,
- application in various channel conditions,
- RF emission, filtering

Radio Channel

Sync/Estim

Output.

Channel decoding

Output.

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Tools in the Planning Process

RNP Tool
Title
System settings/Environment:
Chosen and tuned propagation models
Chosen and tuned traffic models
Geographical data digital map (elevation, land usage, )

Inputs
Site locations and configuration
Antenna models (patterns)
Available frequencies and BWs
Spectrum reuse method
MCS mapping (from Link Level)

RNP Tool

Outputs
Coverage (field strength, Rx power level,
best server)
Capacity (interference, SNIR, data rates)
Visualization (coverage/capacity maps,
statistics)
Example: SINR map

Network parameters

Map

MCS
mapping

Pathloss

Output.

Rx_Lev

Output.

Best server

Output.

C/I

Output.

Bit/rates

Usually Static Simulations

Provides the possibility to adjust/evaluate:
- Site locations, powers, spectrum reuse
methods, frequency planning,
- parameter configuration.

Output.

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Tools in the Planning Process

System Level Simulator
Title
System settings/Environment:
System BW
System parameters configuration (CellIDs, frequencies)
Channel, traffic, user distribution models, etc

Inputs
Coverage (from RNP tool)
Capacity (from RNP tool)
Site location (from RNP tool)
QoS
User positions
RRM algorithms
Traffic demands/QoS

System Level Simulator

Input from RNP

Outputs
Utilization of resources
Dynamic/Semi-static
coverage/SNIR/Bitrates
Blocked users
Visualization (SNIR/Spectral
efficiency, resource utilization)
Mobility performance
Example: Spectral efficiency

Position adjustment

UE position

Random fading

RRM alg.

Conn. Est.
Power/datarate

Output.

Interference

Output.

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Usually Dynamic Simulations

Provides the possibility to adjust/evaluate:
- different RRM algorithms,
- power control algorithms
- traffic shaping methods,
- interference management schemes
- fade margins, UE power margins

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E-UTRA Radio Frame

Downlink

Title

1 Radio Frame (10 ms)

1 slot (0.5 ms)

PBCH 4 OFDM symbols (0-3)

in slot 1 in subframe 0

PDSCH rest REs

1 subframe (1 ms)
7 OFDM Symbols

OFDM Symbol

2 PRB
12 SC
BW

72
SCs

62
SCs

DC

RE

RS

OFDM Subcarrier
Guard Band
for P-SS and S-SS
Synchronization Signal:
2 OFDM symbols (5-6) in slot 0 and 10
P-SS OFDM symbol 6 in slot 0 and 10
S-SS OFDM symbol 5 in slot 0 and 10
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Control Region:
First 1-3 OFDM Symbols in subframe
PCFICH OFDM symbol 0,
PHICH OFDM symbol 0
PDCCH the rest
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E-UTRA Resource Allocation

OFDMA/SCFDMA Combined with TDMA
Title
f

Pt

12x15kHz

R3

R2

R1

BW

TTI=1ms

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LTE Link Budget

Title

General Rules

N+I

EIRP

Pt

Pr

SNIR

RX

TX
P_sens

GAINS, LOSSES, MARGINS

Link budget
Pr = Pt + GAINS - LOSSES - MARGINS

Question: what is the cell

edge criterion?
Distance d

- Max throughput at the cell edge

- Basic connectivity (i.e., lowest possible MCS)
- Ref RX sensitivity requirement

SNIR_min
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LTE Link Budget

Example Link Budget in Downlink

Title

Parameter

Value

Max eNB TX power

46 dBm

Cable loss

3 dB

CP loss

1 dB

eNB antenna gain max

19 dBi

EIRP max

61 dBm

BW_RX

1.8 MHz

Noise power

-102 dBm

SNIR_min

5 dB

UE antenna gain

0 dBi

Min required RX power

-97 dBm

=F+G-H

total path loss

158 dBm

=EI

Other gains, losses, margins

- 10 dB

Shadowing, fast fading, multiantenna

Maximum Allowed Propagation Loss

148 dBm

=J+K

Cell range

3.5 km

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Comment

eNB TX
=ABC+D

From MCS tables

UE RX

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LTE Coverage

Site Coverage Area and Inter-Site Distance

Title
After determiation of cell range (radius) d
we can estimate the site coverage area

Omni

2-sectors

3-sectors

Site_area

2.6 * d2

1.3 * d2

1.95 * d2

Intersite_distance

0.87 * d

2* d

1.5 * d

#sites = deployment_area / site_area

GRID
to be entered into the RF Planning tool for verification

* Source: J. Laiho, A. Wacker, T. Novosad, Radio Network Planning and Optimization for UMTS, Wiley, 2002, pp 83

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Title

Backup slides

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LTE/LTE-Advanced course portfolio

List of IS-Wireless courses
Title

Contact Us:
Email: info@is-wireless.com
www.is-wireless.com

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