Elex 6-10

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS
CHAPTER 6
#
Electronics Principle By Malvino
BIPOLAR TRANSISTOR
DEFINITIONS
1)
Three doped region of transistor.
2)
The bottom region and heavily doped.
3)
The middle region and lightly doped.
4)
The top region, between heavily doped and lightly

doped.
5)
2 Junctions of transistor.
TERMS
Emitter;
Base;
Collector
Emitter
Base
Collector
Emitter-Base Diode
and
collector-Base Diode
Forward Bias
and
Reverse Bias
6)
2 ways to bias a transistor.
7)
The sum of all currents into a point or junction equals

the sum of all currents out of the point or junction.
Kirchoffs Current Law
8)
Defined as the dc collector current divided by the dc

emitter current.
dc Alpha
9)
Defined as the ratio of the collector current to the dc

base current. Also known as the current gain,
because a small base current produces a much
larger collector current.
dc Beta
15
Common Emitter ( CE );
Common Collector ( CC )
Common Base ( CB )
10)
3 Useful ways to connect a transistor.
11)
The common or ground side of each voltage source

is connected to the emitter.
12)
The subscript for base voltage source.
VBB
13)
Subscript for collector voltage source.
VCC
14)
Voltage between base and emitter.
VBE
15)
Voltage between the collector and emitter.
VCE
16)
Voltage between the base and the ground.
VB
17)
Voltage between the collector and the ground.
VC
18)
Voltage between the emitter and ground.
VE
19)
The sum of voltages around a loop or closed path is

equal to zero.
20)
3 Distinct Operating Regions of transistor.
21)
The saturation and cutoff regions and are useful in

digital and computer circuit.
22)
A transistor that can dissipate less than a watt.
Common Emitter
Kirchoffs Voltage Law
Active Region;
Breakdown Region;
Saturation Region;
Switching Circuits
Small Signal Transistor
16
23)
A transistor that can dissipate more than a watt.
24)
It is use to get rid of the internal heat faster.
25)
Another system of analysis, is defined as the symbol

for current gain.
Power Transistor
Heat Sink
HFE
17
CHAPTER 7
#
TRANSISTOR FUNDAMENTALS
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
Produces a fixed value of base current, it is most

useful in switching circuits.
2)
Produces a fixed value of emitter current,

predominant in amplifying circuits.
3)
A line that represents the effect of the load

on IC & VCE
4)
The point where in the load line intersects the

saturation region of the collector curves.
5)
The point at which the load line intersects the cutoff

region of the collector curves.
6)
The operating point is labeled Q.
Quiescent Point
7)
Two basic kinds of transistor circuits.
Amplifying and
Switching
8)
The saturation region under all conditions often

selects a base resistance that produces a current
gain of 10.
Hard Saturation
9)
It will refer to any design in which the saturated

current gain is only a little less than the active current
gain.
Soft Saturation
10)
The voltage between the emitter and ground.
Emitter Voltage
11)
The voltage between the collector and ground.
Base Bias
Emitter Bias
Load Line
Saturation Point
Cuoff Point
Base-Emitter Open
18
12)
The base-emitter diode is open The collector-base

diode is open.
Collector-Base Open
13)
It uses a saturated or cutoff transistor to control the

current through an LED.
Base-Biased LED
14)
It uses the active region and cutoff to control the

current through the LED.
15)
A device that has more sensitivity than a photodiode.
Emitter-Biased LED
Phototransistor
19
CHAPTER 8
#
TRANSISTOR BIASING
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
It is one in which the voltage divider appears stiff to

the input resistance of the base.
VDB Circuit
2)
If the transistor has a current gain of 100, its collector

current is 100 times greater than the base current.
Stiff Voltage Divider
3)
This means that the collector current will be

approximately 10 percent lower than the stiff value.
Firm Voltage Divider
4)
The negative supply forward biases the emitter diode.

The positive supply reverse-biases the collector diode.
Two-Supply Emitter Bias
5)
The emitter voltage is being fed back to the base

circuit.
Emitter-Feedback Bias
6)
The basic idea is to feedback a voltage to the base

in an attempt to neutralize any change in collector
current. Also called self-bias.
Collector-Feedback Bias
20
CHAPTER 9
#
AC MODELS
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
It couples or transmits the ac signal to the resistor.
2)
Is defined as the ac output voltage divided by the ac

input voltage.
3)
It is similar to a coupling capacitor because it

appears open to direct current and shorted to
alternating current. It is also used to create an ac
ground.
4)
All components like resistors, capacitors, and

transistors are separately inserted and connected to
get the final circuit.
5)
A piece of semiconductor material.
6)
The stretching and compressing of alternate half

cycles.
7)
An amplifier that satisfy the 10 percent rule. It is used

at the front end of radio and television receivers
because the signal coming in from the antenna is
very weak.
Small-Signal Amplifier
8)
Is defined as the ac collector current divided by the

ac base current.
ac Beta
9)
It determines the voltage gain, the smaller it is, the

higher the voltage gain.
10)
It indicates that the input impedance of the

base is re.
Coupling Capacitor
Voltage Gain
Bypass Capacitor
Discrete Circuit
Chip
Distortion
ac Emitter Resistance
T Model
21
11)
The simplest way to analyze an amplifier is to split into

two parts.
dc Analysis and
ac analysis
12)
They are used on data data sheets because they are

easier to measure than r parameters.
h Parameters
13)
The most important quantities on the data sheet.
hfe & hie
22
CHAPTER 10
#
VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER
DEFINITIONS
TERMS
1)
It is defined as the ac output voltage divided by the

ac input voltage.
2)
The total ac load resistance.
3)
Two or more cascade amplifier this means using the

output of the first stage as the input to a second
stage.
Multistage Amplifiers
4)
An example of single-stage feedback. It works

reasonably well to stabilize the voltage gain, increase
the input impedance and reduce distortion.
Two-Stage Feedback
Voltage Gain
ac Collector Resistance
23

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BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

Three doped region of transistor.

The bottom region and heavily doped.

The middle region and lightly doped.

The top region, between heavily doped and lightly

2 ways to bias a transistor.

The sum of all currents into a point or junction equals

Kirchoffs Current Law

Defined as the dc collector current divided by the dc

Defined as the ratio of the collector current to the dc

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

3 Useful ways to connect a transistor.

The common or ground side of each voltage source

The subscript for base voltage source.

Subscript for collector voltage source.

Voltage between base and emitter.

Voltage between the collector and emitter.

Voltage between the base and the ground.

Voltage between the collector and the ground.

Voltage between the emitter and ground.

The sum of voltages around a loop or closed path is

3 Distinct Operating Regions of transistor.

The saturation and cutoff regions and are useful in

A transistor that can dissipate less than a watt.

Kirchoffs Voltage Law

Small Signal Transistor

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

A transistor that can dissipate more than a watt.

It is use to get rid of the internal heat faster.

Another system of analysis, is defined as the symbol

Electronics Principle By Malvino

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

Produces a fixed value of base current, it is most

Produces a fixed value of emitter current,

A line that represents the effect of the load

The point where in the load line intersects the

The point at which the load line intersects the cutoff

The operating point is labeled Q.

Two basic kinds of transistor circuits.

The saturation region under all conditions often

It will refer to any design in which the saturated

The voltage between the emitter and ground.

The voltage between the collector and ground.

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

The base-emitter diode is open The collector-base

It uses a saturated or cutoff transistor to control the

It uses the active region and cutoff to control the

A device that has more sensitivity than a photodiode.

BOOK REVIEW IN ELECTRONICS

Electronics Principle By Malvino

It is one in which the voltage divider appears stiff to

If the transistor has a current gain of 100, its collector

Stiff Voltage Divider

This means that the collector current will be

Firm Voltage Divider

The negative supply forward biases the emitter diode.

Two-Supply Emitter Bias

The emitter voltage is being fed back to the base