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BUS 308 ENTIRE COURSE Latest Version
Oct 2013

BUS 308 ENTIRE COURSE Latest Version Oct 2013

BUS 308 Week 1 DQ 1 Language

Numbers and measurements are the language of business.. Organizations
look at results, expenses, quality levels, efficiencies, time, costs, etc. What
measures does your department keep track of ? How are the measures
collected, and how are they summarized/described? How are they used in
making decisions? (Note: If you do not have a job where measures are
available to you, ask someone you know for some examples or conduct
outside research on an interest of yours.)
BUS 308 Week 1 DQ 2 Levels
Managers and professionals often pay more attention to the levels of their
measures (means, sums, etc.) than to the variation in the data (the
dispersion or the probability patterns/distributions that describe the data).
For the measures you identified in Discussion 1, why must dispersion be
considered to truly understand what the data is telling us about what we
measure/track? How can we make decisions about outcomes and results if
we do not understand the consistency (variation) of the data? Does looking
at the variation in the data give us a different understanding of results?
BUS 308 Week 1 Problem Set Week One
Problem Set Week One. All statistical calculations will use the Employee
Salary Data set (in Appendix section).
Using the Excel Analysis ToolPak function Descriptive Statistics, generate
descriptive statistics for the salary data. Which variables does this function
not work properly for, even though we have some generated results?
Sort the data by either the variable G or GEN1 (into males and females) and
find the mean and standard deviation for each gender for the following
variables: SAL, COMPA, AGE, SR, and RAISE. Use Descriptive for one gender
and the fx functions (AVERAGE and STDEV) for the other.
What is the probability distribution table for:
A randomly selected person being a male in a specific grade?
A randomly selected person being in a specific grade?
Find:
The z score for each male salary, based on the male salary distribution.

The z score for each female salary, based on the female salary distribution.
Repeat question 4 for COMPA for each gender.
What conclusions can you make about the issue of male and female pay
equality? Are all of the results
consistent? If not, why not?
For additional assistance with these calculations reference the
Recommended Resources for Week One.
BUS 308 Week 2 DQ 1 t-Tests
t-Tests.
In looking at your business, when and why would you want to use a onesample mean test (either z or t) or a two- sample t-test? Create a null and
alternate hypothesis for one of these issues. How would you use the results?
BUS 308 Week 2 DQ 2 Variation
Variation exists in virtually all parts of our lives. We often see variation in
results in what we spend (utility costs each month, food costs, business
supplies, etc.). Consider the measures and data you use (in either your
personal or job activities). When are differences (between one time period
and another, between different production lines, etc.) between average or
actual results important? How can you or your department decide whether or
not the variation is important? How could using a mean difference test help?
BUS 308 Week 2 Problem Set Week Two
Problem Set Week Two. Complete the problems below and submit your work
in an Excel document. Be sure to show all of your work and clearly label all
calculations. All statistical calculations will use the Employee Salary Data set
(in Appendix section).
Problems
Is either that male or female salary equal to the overall mean salary? (Two
hypotheses, one-sample tests needed.)
Are male and female average salaries statistically equal to each other?
Are the male and female compa average measures equal to each other?

4. If the salary and compa mean tests in questions 2 and 3 provide different
equality results, which would be more appropriate to use in answering the
question about salary equity? Why?
5. What other information would you like to know to answer the question
about salary equity between the genders? Why?
BUS 308 Week 3 DQ 1 ANOVA
In many ways, comparing multiple sample means is simply an extension of
what we covered last week. What situations exist where a multiple (more
than two) group comparison would be appropriate? (Note: Situations could
relate to your work, home life, social groups, etc.). Create a null and
alternate hypothesis for one of these issues. What would the results tell you?
BUS 308 Week 3 DQ 2 Effect Size
Several statistical tests have a way to measure effect size. What is this, and
when might you want to use it in looking at results from these tests on job
related data?
BUS 308 Week 3 Problem Set Week Three
Problem Set Week Three. Complete the problems below and submit your
work in an Excel document. Be sure to show all of your work and clearly label
all calculations. All statistical calculations will use the Employee Salary Data
set (in Appendix section).
1.Is the average salary the same for each of the grade levels? (Assume equal
variance, and use the Analysis ToolPak function ANOVA.) Set up the data
input table/range to use as follows:Put all of the salary values for each grade
under the appropriate grade label.
2.The factorial ANOVA with only two variables can be done with the Analysis
ToolPak function two-way ANOVA with replication. Set up a data input table
like the following: Grade For each empty cell, randomly pick a male or female
salary from each grade. Interpret the results. Are the average salaries for
each gender (listed as sample) equal? Are the average salaries for each
grade (listed as column) equal?
3.Repeat question 2 for the compa values. Grade
A
B
C
D

E
F

Gender
A
B
C
D
E
F
M
F

Gender
A
B
C
D
E
F
M
F
For each empty cell randomly pick a male or female compa from each grade.
Interpret the results. Are the average compas for each gender (listed as
sample) equal? Are the average compas for each grade (listed as column)
equal?

4.Pick any other variable you are interested in and do a simple two-way
ANOVA without replication. Why did you pick this variable, and what do the
results show?
5.What are your conclusions about salary equity now?
BUS 308 Week 4 DQ 1 Confidence Intervals
Earlier we discussed issues with looking at only a single measure to assess
job-related results. Looking back at the data examples you have provided in
the previous discussion questions on this issue, how might adding confidence
intervals help managers understand results better?
BUS 308 Week 4 DQ 2 Chi-Square Tests
Chi-square tests are great to show if distributions differ or if two variables
interact in producing outcomes. What are some examples of variables that
you might want to check using the chi-square tests? What would these
results tell you?

BUS 308 Week 4 Problem Set Week Four

Problem Set Week Four. Lets look at some other factors that might influence
pay. Complete the problems below and submit your work in an Excel
document. Be sure to show all of your work and clearly label all calculations.
All statistical calculations will use the Employee Salary Data set (in Appendix
section).
Is the probability of having a graduate degree independent of the grade the
employee is in?
Construct a 95% confidence interval on the mean service for each gender.
Do they intersect?
Are males and females distributed across grades in a similar pattern?
Do 95% confidence intervals on the mean length of service for each gender
intersect?
How do you interpret these results in light of our equity question?
BUS 308 Week 5 DQ 1 Correlation
At times we can generate a regression equation to explain outcomes. For
example, an employees salary can often be explained by their pay grade,
appraisal rating, education level, etc. What variables might explain or predict

an outcome in your department or life? If you generated a regression

equation, how would you interpret it and the residuals from it?
BUS 308 WEEK 5 DQ 2 REGRESSION
At times we can generate a regression equation to explain outcomes. For
example, an employees salary can often be explained by their pay grade,
appraisal rating, education level, etc. What variables might explain or predict
an outcome in your department or life? If you generated a regression
equation, how would you interpret it and the residuals from it?
BUS 308 WEEK 5 FINAL PAPER
Identify an issue in your life (work place, home, social organization, etc.)
where a statistical analysis could be used to help make a managerial
decision. Develop a sampling plan, an appropriate set of hypotheses, and an
inferential statistical procedure to test them. You do not need to collect any
data on this issue, but you will discuss what a significant statistical test
would mean and how you would relate this result to the real-world issue you
identified. Your paper should be three to five pages in length (excluding the
cover and reference pages). In addition to the text, utilize at least three
sources to to support your points. No abstract is required. Use the following
research plan format to structure the paper:
Step 1: Identification of the problem
Describe what is known about the situation, why it is a concern, and what we
do not know.
Step 2: Research Question
What exactly do we want our study to find out? This should not be phrased
as a yes/no question.
Step 3: Data collection
What data is needed to answer the question, how will we collect it, and how
will we decide how much we need?
Step 4: Data Analysis
Describe how you would analyze the data. Provide at least one hypothesis
test (null and alternate) and an associated statistical test.
Step 5: Results and Conclusions
Describe how you would interpret the results. For example, what would you
recommend if your null hypothesis was rejected and what would you do if
the null was not rejected?

A quick example: Concern if gender is impacting employees pay. H0: Gender is not
related to pay. H1: Gender is related to pay. Approach: Multiple regression equation
to see if gender impacts pay after considering the legal factors of grade, appraisal,
education, etc. If regression coefficient for gender is significant, will need to create
residual list to see which employees show excessive variation from predicted
salaries when gender is not considered.

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