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Project Specification
SECTION 04 20 00
UNIT MASONRY
PART 1:
1.01
A.
GENERAL
SECTION INCLUDES
Unit Masonry including, but not limited to the following:
1. Concrete masonry units.
2. Fair face blockwork.
3. CMU internal partitions.
4. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) internal partitions.
5. Reinforcement, anchorage and accessories.
1.02
RELATED SECTIONS
A.
Section 01 45 23
Testing Services.
B.
Section 01 77 00
Contract Closeout.
C.
Section 04 05 03
D.
Section 07 14 00
E.
Section 07 21 13
Board Insulation.
F.
Section 07 21 16
Blanket Insulation.
G.
Section 07 84 00
Firestopping.
H.
Section 07 62 00
I.
Section 07 92 00
Joint Sealers.
J.
Section 09 91 00
Painting.
1.03
REFERENCES
A.
ACI 530
B.
ACI 530.1
C.
ASTM A 82
D.
ASTM A 123
E.
ASTM A 641
F.
ASTM A653 M
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 1
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
G.
ASTM B 370
H.
ASTM C 90
I.
ASTM C 129
J.
ASTM C 1386
K.
ASTM C1691-11
L.
ASTM C1693
M.
BS EN 771-4:2001
N.
C90-97
O.
C140-96b
P.
C150-97
Q.
IMIAC
R.
S.
E119
1.04
SUBMITTALS
A.
B.
C.
Product Data: Submit product data for each different concrete masonry unit, accessory and
other manufactured product, for incorporation in the works.
D.
Shop drawings for fabrication, bending & placement of concrete masonry reinforcing bars.
E.
Certification of asbestos-free & lead-free status of all masonry materials & accessories.
F.
Material certificates, signed by the manufacturer & contractor, certifying that each of the
following materials complies with the requirements of this contract, Saudi Arabian law &
industry best practice:
a.
Each different cement product required for mortar & grout, including name of
manufacturer, brand and type.
b.
c.
d.
e.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 2
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
1.05
Project Specification
QUALITY ASSURANCE
A.
B.
Where indicated on drawings, provide materials & construction identical to those of assemblies
for which fire resistance has been determined per ASTM E119 by Underwriters Laboratories.
C.
Obtain concrete masonry units of uniform texture and colour, within ranges acceptable to the
engineer for these characteristics, from one manufacturer for each different product required.
D.
Obtain mortar materials of uniform quality from one manufacturer for each cementitious
component and from one quarry & producer for each aggregate.
E.
All masonry units used shall be sound, free of cracks or other defects that may interfere with
proper placing of the unit or impair strength of construction.
F.
Finished fairfaced masonry shall not show chips cracks or imperfections when viewed from a
distance of 6.1m.
G.
Use of damaged items is prohibited except by specific authorization of the engineer on a caseby case basis.
H.
I.
1.06
A.
1.07
Frequency per each 5000 sq.ft. (465 sq.m.) of wall area, or as directed by the engineer.
Strength, absorption & moisture content per ASTM C140, for each masonry unit type.
Masonry prism tests per ASTM E447, Method B, at 7 days & 28 days.
A.
B.
C.
Store & handle masonry units & cementitious materials off the ground, under cover, in a dry
location & prevent deterioration or damage due to moisture, temperature changes,
contaminants, corrosion or other causes. If masonry units become wet, do not place until in an
air-dried condition.
D.
Blocks delivered to site shall be carefully unloaded and handled so as to prevent chipping and
breakage. Tipping shall not be allowed. The blocks shall be stacked on a level area in an
orderly manner on planks or other suitable supports to ensure that they are free from contact
with the ground.
Store aggregates in a manner such that grading & other required characteristics can be
maintained & contamination avoided. Store different aggregates separately.
E.
F.
Store masonry accessories including metal items, off the ground, in a manner which will
prevent corrosion, accumulation of dirt & oil or permanent corrosion.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 3
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
G.
Each block manufactured from sulfate resisting cement shall be color coded with a green
identifying mark and shall be stored separately.
PART 2:
2.01
Project Specification
PRODUCTS
ACCEPTABLE MANUFACTURERS
Not used.
2.02
A.
Extent of each type of masonry work shall be as shown on the Drawings and the provisions of
this Section.
B.
Hollow and solid load bearing concrete units shall comply with ASTM C 90, Type 1, normal.
C.
D.
Blocks up to 92mm thick shall be solid, & blocks of greater thickness hollow, unless otherwise
approved by the Engineer.
E.
The minimum compressive strength of blocks shall be as following unless shown otherwise on
drawings:
1. Blocks up to 92 mm thick - 5.5 N/mm
2. Blocks over 92 mm thick - 8.6 N/mm
2.03
A.
B.
Coarse aggregates shall conform to ACI 530 and ACI 530-1 for grading and to the
requirements of this Section with maximum 10 mm nominal size.
C.
Sand shall conform to ACI 530 and ACI 530-1, Table 5 Zones C and M.
D.
Coarse aggregate and sand shall meet the same requirements for chlorides and sulphates as the
sand for mortar as specified in Section 04 05 13.13.
2.04
A.
Blocks shall be manufactured by the use of vibration machinery and shall be cast on removable
pallets. They shall be left on pallets to cure for ten days during which time they shall be kept
damp and shall be protected from direct sunlight, drying winds, heavy rain and frost. No blocks
shall be used in the works until they have attained an age of twenty-eight days.
B.
Blocks shall be made with Ordinary Portland Cement unless used below ground, in which case
sulphate resisting cement shall be used.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 4
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
C.
The thickness of the webs and walls shall not be less than 30 mm and the volume of the
cavities in the block shall not exceed 50% of the gross volume of the block.
D.
All surfaces shall be flat and rectangular and adjacent surfaces shall be at right angles to one
another with clearly defined undamaged arises. Unless otherwise specified, all block faces shall
provide a satisfactory bond for mortar, plastering or rendering.
2.05
A.
2.06
A.
Horizontal reinforcement for single wythe joint: Ladder type design with a minimum 5 mm (7
gage) deformed side wires and welded 2.8 mm (12 gage) or larger cross wires, factory
fabricated from steel wire conforming to ASTM A 82. Wires shall have zinc coating
conforming to ASTM A 641 Class 3 after fabrication. Reinforcement shall have one
longitudinal wire in mortar bed of each face for hollow units and one wire for solid units. Joint
reinforcement shall be placed a minimum of 16 mm cover from either face. The distance
between cross wires shall not exceed 400 mm. Joint reinforcement for straight runs shall be
furnished in flat sections not less than 3 m long. Joint reinforcement shall be provided with
factory formed corners and intersections.
B.
Vertical reinforcing steel: ASTM A 615 grade 60, deformed billet bars, uncoated finish.
C.
2.07
A.
2.08
A.
Galvanized Carbon Steel Wire: ASTM A82, hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to comply
with ASTM A153, Class B2. Wire diameter 0.1875 inch (4.76 mm), unless otherwise
indicated.
B.
Galvanized Steel Sheet: ASTM A366 (commercial quality) cold-rolled carbon steel sheet
hot-dip galvanized after fabrication to comply with ASTM A525, for sheet metal ties and
anchors. Minimum thickness 0.0598 inch (16 gage) (1.52 mm), unless otherwise indicated.
C.
Steel Plates and Bars: ASTM A36, hot-dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A123 or
ASTM A153, Class B3, as applicable to size and form indicated.
D.
Bent Wire Ties: Individual units prefabricated from bent wire to comply with requirements
indicated below:
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 5
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
1. Tie Shape for Hollow Masonry Units Laid with Cells Vertical: Rectangular with
closed ends and not less than 4 inches (102 mm) wide.
2. Tie Shape for Solid Masonry Unit Construction: Z-shaped ties with ends bent 90
degrees to provide hooks not less than 2 inches (51 mm) long.
E.
F.
Rigid Anchors: Provide straps of form and length indicated, fabricated from metal strips of
following width and thickness.
1. 1-1/2 inches (38.1 mm) wide by 1/4 inch (6.35 mm) thick, unless otherwise indicated.
G.
Miscellaneous Anchors
1. Unit Type Masonry Inserts in Concrete: Cast iron or malleable iron inserts of type and
size indicated.
2. Dovetail Slots: Furnish dovetail slots, with filler strips, of slot size indicated, fabricated
from 0.0336-inch (22-gage) (0.8534 mm) sheet metal.
3. Anchor Bolts: Steel bolts complying with A307, Grade A; with ASTM A563 hex nuts
and, where indicated, flat washers; hot-dip galvanized to comply with ASTM A153,
Class C; of diameter, length and type indicated on the drawings.
2.09
2.10
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 6
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
A.
Internal partitions between air conditioned & non-air conditioned spaces are to be of Aerated
Autoclaved Concrete masonry construction, per wall type indications on the architectural
drawings.
B.
AAC masonry units shall comply with ASTM 1386 & ASTM C1691-11.
C.
AAC masonry unit sizes: 200 mm width x 200 mm height x 600 mm length.
D.
E.
PART 3:
3.01
EXECUTION
A.
Samples of each type of block manufactured on the site or delivered to the site shall be
submitted to and approved by the Engineer before use. All subsequent blocks shall be up to the
standard of the approved samples.
B.
Initially 12 blocks shall be selected by the Engineer from the first batch of blocks manufactured
or delivered, and shall be marked for future identification as instructed by the Engineer. The
blocks shall be delivered by the Contractor to an approved independent testing laboratory.
C.
D.
3.02
A.
3.03
Further samples shall be selected and tested as directed by the Engineer or if the supplier is
changed. The Contractor will not be permitted to change his source of supply without the
permission of the Engineer.
SAMPLE PANELS OF CONCRETE BLOCKWORK
Two sample panels 1.6 m long x 2.0 m high shall be constructed for the Engineer's approval,
including a corner and a junction, with mortar pointing as specified, as an example of the
standard to be achieved and no permanent work shall commence until such approval is given.
EXAMINATION
A.
Verify that field conditions are acceptable and are ready to receive work.
B.
Verify items provided by other sections of work are properly sized and located.
C.
Verify that built-in items are in proper location, and ready for roughing into masonry work.
3.04
PROJECT CONDITIONS
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 7
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
A.
Protection of Masonry: During erection, cover tops of walls, projections, and sills with
waterproof sheeting at end of each day's work. Cover partially completed masonry when
construction is not in progress. Extend cover a minimum of 24 inches (610 mm) down both
sides and hold cover securely in place.
B.
Do not apply uniform floor or roof loads for at least 12 hours and concentrated loads for at
least 3 days after building masonry walls or columns.
C.
Stain Prevention: Prevent grout, mortar, and soil from staining the face of masonry to be left
exposed or painted. Remove immediately any grout, mortar, and soil that come in contact
with such masonry.
1. Protect base of walls from rain-splashed mud and mortar splatter by means of coverings
spread on ground and over wall surface.
2. Protect sills, ledges, and projections from mortar droppings.
3. Protect surfaces of windows and door frames, as well as similar products with painted
and integral finishes from mortar droppings.
D.
Cold-Weather Construction: Comply with the following when ambient temperature falls
below 40o F (4.4o C).
1. General: Remove masonry damaged by freezing conditions. Do not lay masonry units
having temperature below 20o F (-6.7o C). Remove visible ice on masonry units before
the unit is laid.
2. Specific requirements for various temperature ranges are as follows:
a. Aggregates and mixing water shall be heated to produce mortar and grout
temperatures between 40o F (4.4o C) and 120o F(48.9o C) at the time of mixing.
b. Maintain mortar temperature on mortar boards above freezing until used on
masonry.
c. When ambient temperature is between 20o F (-6.7o C) and 25o F (-3.9o C), provide
heat sources on both sides of walls under construction and install wind breaks when
wind velocity exceeds 15 miles per hour (24 km per hour).
d. When ambient temperature is below 20o F (-6.7o C), provide enclosures and heat
sources to maintain the temperatures above 32o F (0o C) within the enclosure.
3. Protection
a. When mean daily temperature is between 40o F (4.4o C) and 32o F (0o C), protect
completed masonry from rain or snow by covering with weather-resistive membrane
for 24 hours after construction.
b. When mean daily temperature is between 32o F (0o C) and 25o F (-3.9o C),
completely cover completed masonry with weather-resistive membrane for 24 hours
after construction.
c. When mean daily temperature is between 25o F (-3.9o C) and 20o F (-6.7o C),
completely cover completed masonry with insulating blankets or equal protection for
24 hours after construction.
d. When mean daily temperature is below 20o F (-6.7o C), maintain masonry
temperature above 32o F (0o C) for 24 hours after construction by enclosure with
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 8
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
Hot-Weather Construction: Protect masonry construction from direct exposure to wind and
sun when erected in ambient temperature of 90o F (32o C) or greater in the shade, with a
relative humidity less than 50%.
1. Do not spread mortar beds more than 4 feet (1.2 m) ahead of masonry. Set masonry
units within one minute of spreading mortar. Dampen, but do not saturate masonry units
immediately before installation.
2. Mortar can be retempered with cool water only once to maintain consistency.
3. Protection: When the mean daily temperature exceeds 100o F (38o C) or exceeds 90o F
(32o C) with a wind velocity greater than 8 mph, fog spray all newly constructed
masonry until damp, at least three times a day until the masonry is three days old.
3.05
PREPARATION
A.
B.
Clean all reinforcement by removing mud, oil, or other materials that will adversely affect or
reduce bond at the time mortar or grout is placed. Reinforcement with rust and/or mill scale
will be accepted, provided the dimensions and weights, including heights of deformations,
are not less than required by the ASTM specification covering this reinforcement in this
Specification.
C.
Prior to placing masonry, remove laitance, loose aggregate, and anything else that would
prevent mortar from bonding.
D.
Provide temporary bracing during installation of masonry work. Maintain in place until
building structure provides permanent bracing.
3.06
COURSING
A.
B.
Maintain masonry courses to uniform dimension. Form vertical and horizontal joints of
uniform thickness.
C.
3.07
A.
Lay solid masonry units in full bed of mortar, with full head joints, uniformly jointed with
other work.
B.
Lay hollow masonry units with face shell bedding on head and bed joints.
C.
Buttering corners of joints or excessive furrowing of mortar joints are not permitted.
D.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 9
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
E.
F.
Do not shift or tap masonry units after mortar has achieved initial set. Where adjustment must
be made, remove and replace.
G.
Perform job site cutting of masonry units with proper tools to provide straight, clean,
unchipped edges. Prevent broken masonry unit corners or edges.
H.
The surface of the blocks shall be wetted before laying in order to prevent too rapid drying out
of the mortar. On no account shall blockwork be saturated with water. The tops of walls left off
from a previous days work shall be similarly wetted before any new work is commenced.
I.
During block laying, an open joint not more than 13 mm wide shall be left between the end of
all concrete lintels whether precast or cast in-situ, and the blocks adjacent to those ends. These
open joints shall be left as long as possible during construction and not filled in until plastering
or other work renders such filling necessary. All such joints shall be properly filled in before
the completion of the work. 1200 gauge polythene sheet shall be laid on the blockwork under
the concrete lintel bearing.
J.
The horizontal 10 mm joints between blockwork internal partitions and soffits of beams or
slabs shall be left clear and free from mortar and compressible joint filler shall be packed into
the joint. In fairface blockwork the exposed faces of the joint shall be sealed with a suitable
non-hardening sealant.
K.
All corners and intersections of blockwork walls are to be bonded or tied at every other course
for the full height of the wall, unless movement joints are required.
L.
Mortar joints for fairface block unit wall shall be packed joints.
3.08
A.
None
400 mm
Vertically
400 mm
Vertically
200 mm
Vertically
2.5
12.25 m
13.75 m
15.25 m
18.25 m
B.
Place masonry joint reinforcement in first and second horizontal joints above and below
openings. Extend minimum 800 mm each side of opening.
C.
D.
E.
At all openings in blockwork walls, two continuous voids of hollow blockwork for the full
height of the wall immediately adjacent to the opening shall be completely filled with class
C200 concrete, with maximum aggregate size 10 mm. The two filled voids shall be reinforced
with one 12 mm diameter mild steel bar per void, lapped 500 mm and secured with galvanized
tying wire. The minimum clear distance between the reinforcement and the inner face of the
wall of the block shall be 12 mm. Blockwork walls containing reinforcement shall be
constructed in 400 mm lifts with the concrete surrounding the reinforcement compacted by
hand tamping immediately after placing.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 10
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
F.
Special structural requirements for vertical and horizontal reinforcement shall be as shown on
the Drawings.
G.
Lateral Support: The ratio of unsupported height or length of a wall to its thickness shall not
exceed 20 for a bearing wall of solid masonry laid in type M S N or O mortar, nor 12 if laid
in type K mortar, and shall not exceed 18 for hollow walls or walls of hollow units.
H.
Horizontal Bond Beams: Where horizontal bond beams are required for lateral support, they
shall be located at door head height and as directed by the Engineer.
I.
Lateral Support for masonry shall be in accordance with ANSI A 41.1, the distance between
lateral supports of non bearing partitions shall not exceed 36 times the thickness of the partition
including plaster. Horizontal lateral support may be obtained from cross walls or columns.
Vertical lateral support may be obtained from floors and soffits.
J.
Where blockwork abuts steel columns, concrete columns or concrete walls, it shall be secured
to them with L-shaped galvanized steel ties 175 mm long x 25 mm wide x 3 mm thick, with a
75 mm long right angle return at one end. The ties shall be built into the blockwork at every
second course vertically and the return pinned to the steelwork or concrete with washered steel
pins applied with a cartridge assisted hand tool or by any other method acceptable to the
Engineer.
K.
Where necessary to limit the distance between lateral supports to within permissible limits,
walls shall be restrained at the soffit of slabs and beams by means of 100 x 100 x 3 mm
galvanized mild steel angles fixed to the concrete at 2.0 m centres on either side of the
blockwork using washered steel pins applied with a cartridge assisted handtool or by means
acceptable to the Engineer and the blockwork/concrete joint shall be packed with compressible
joint filler. Where the face of the wall is in the same plane as the side of a beam, the angle shall
be replaced with a galvanized mild steel flat plate, 150 mm wide by 8 mm thick, to allow fixing
to the beam above the level of the main reinforcement.
L.
Where wall construction comprises a concrete leaf and blockwork leaf, with or without a cavity
between, the blockwork leaf shall be secured to the concrete leaf by galvanized steel L shaped
ties 25 mm wide x 3 mm thick, of length to suit the thickness of the blockwork leaf and width
of the cavity (if any). The tie shall have a 75 mm long right angle return at one end. The ties
shall not extend within 20 mm of the external face of the blockwork leaf. Ties shall be pinned
to the concrete leaf with washered steel pins applied with a cartridge assisted hand tool or by
any other method acceptable to the Engineer.
3.09
A.
Lintels, padstones, sills and copings etc. shall be set in a full bed of mortar of the specified
quality with faces plumb and true to line and level. Precast lintels shall have a minimum
bearing length of 200 mm unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.
B.
Design of reinforcement and concrete shall comply with clause 2.06 of this Section such that
mortar shall be able to carry all loading without deflection or cracking.
C.
Lintels, padstones etc. shall bear on to solid or filled blocks for the full depth of the wall.
D.
In-situ cast lintels and padstones etc. shall be poured directly onto the last whole course of
blockwork.
3.10
A.
ENGINEERED MASONRY
Lay masonry units with core cells vertically aligned clear of mortar and unobstructed.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 11
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
Project Specification
B.
Place mortar in masonry unit bed joints back 6 mm from edge of unit grout spaces, bevel back
and upward. Permit mortar to cure 3 days before placing grout.
C.
Reinforce masonry unit cores and cavities with reinforcement bars and grout as indicated.
D.
Retain vertical reinforcement in position at top and bottom of cells and at intervals not
exceeding 190 bar diameters.
E.
Wet masonry unit surfaces in contact with grout just prior to grout placement.
3.11
BUILT-IN WORK
A.
As work progresses, install built-in metal door and glazed frames, fabricated metal frames,
window frames, anchor bolts, plates, and other items to be built-in the work and furnished by
other sections.
B.
C.
Bed anchors of metal door and glazed frames in adjacent mortar joints. Fill frame voids solid
with grout. Fill adjacent masonry cores with grout minimum 300 mm from framed openings.
D.
3.12
TOLERANCES
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
3.13
A.
Cut and fit for chases, pipes, conduit, sleeves, Coordinate with other sections of work to
provide correct size, shape, and location.
B.
Obtain approval prior to cutting or fitting masonry work not indicated or where appearance or
strength of masonry work may be impaired.
3.14
FIRE STOPPING
A.
Where walls indicated on the Drawings as fire resisting walls abut the underside of concrete
floor slabs or beams, the top joint shall be filled with a ceramic fibre blanket made from kaolin
or synthetic mixes of alumina and silica or of an equivalent composition satisfying the
requirements of UL for two-hour fire resistance and having a density of not less than 96 kg/m3.
Movement joints in walls indicated on the Drawings as fire resisting walls shall be similarly
filled with a ceramic fibre blanket prior to sealing as specified elsewhere in the Specification.
B.
The material shall be fixed in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 12
MINISTRY OF HOUSING
Western Sector Projects
Sitework & Infrastructure
OMRANIA and ASSOCIATES
3.15
Project Specification
CONTROL JOINTS
A.
Generally control joints to limit cracking due to drying shrinkage are to be incorporated into
the blockwork at centers not exceeding 6 meters. Where this dimension is exceeded, horizontal
reinforcement shall be provided. Submit proposals for the location of control joints for the
approval of the Engineer.
B.
Walls shall be built in the normal stretcher bond with the exception that on alternate courses,
purpose made half blocks shall be used to form a straight vertical joint. Control joints so
formed are to be carried through all finishes. Plaster finishes shall incorporate plaster stops.
Control joints in all fire resisting walls as defined on the drawings shall be formed using a
ceramic fiber blanket as specified herein.
3.16
EXPANSION JOINTS
A.
Expansion joints in masonry structures shall be formed by means of a closed cell filler board
placed between the two adjoining panels of masonry.
B.
Ensure that the expansion jointing is not bridged at any point by solid material so that the joint
is made ineffective.
C.
At exposed faces of expansion joints, the filler shall be cut back 20 mm on completion of the
structure and the joint sealed with a joint sealant.
3.17
A.
B.
C.
3.18
CLEANING
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
3.19
A.
B.
Without damaging completed work, provide protective boards at exposed external corners
which may be damaged by construction activities.
END OF SECTION
UNIT MASONRY
SECTION 04 20 00 - 13