Projeto - Processos

Overall Assumptions
Feed temperature 214oF;

Feed pressure: 250 psia;
Pressure drops in the column were neglected;
Distillate rate from the column: 23lbmol/h;
15 trays plus a partial condenser and a partial reboiler;
1. Considering the feed on the 8th tray (stage 9), it was required a recovery of at least 98% of
the propane in the distillate and 98% of the butane in the bottom. First of all, we decided to
use a RadFrac column, since it is able to make more rigorous calculations than short-cut
methods. Moreover, we used the Peng-Robinson model because it is frequently used to
represent hydrocarbons. Besides, the Peng-Robinson equation of state can easily describe
the existing relation between temperature, pressure and phase compositions, not only in
binary, but also in multicomponent systems. This equation just need of the critical
properties and the acentric factor to stablish its parameters. Because of this, the necessary
computational effort is not intensive. To calculate the reflux ratio, we determined the
number of stages equals to 17 (15 trays + partial reboiler + partial condenser) and we took
a guess about the reflux ratio. Our first guess was reflux ratio equal to 7, but we did not get
good values for the recoveries of propane and butane. Therefore, we increased regularly
the reflux ratio and at the number 9 we found the desirable value of recovery (98.52% of
propane in the distillate and 99.2% of n-butane in the bottom). All tables related to these
calculations are attached to this paper.
2. The operating cost of a column is extremely associated to the balance of heat duty. The
costs can be depicted by the equation below:
Cost =( Qc c ) +(Qr r )
$=
cal
$
cal
$
s
cal
s
cal
of cooling fluid
of steam
s
s
)(
Where c and r are constant.

Since we obtained a mild condenser temperature equals to 46.23C, we can use water in the condenser. In
this case, c<<r, and we can neglect the cost associated to the removed condenser heat. Therefore, our
work reduces to minimize the reboiler heat duty. To do so, we should vary the feed location and seek the
location that provides us the lowest value of reboiler heat duty. By guessing, we found that the optimal
feed locations is on the 8th stage, since stages above and below this stage do not give us the required
specifications (composition and reboiler heat duty). Even though stages above the 8 th stage reach out the
necessary values of composition, they presented reboiler heat duty higher than 85298.4855 cal/s (reboiler
heat duty on 8th stage). On the other hand, although stages below the 8 th stage yield low values of reboiler
heat duty, they do not achieve the required composition.
Attachments
Feed: stage 10
Table 1: Results Summary of the distillation process.
RadFrac
Name
Property method
Henry's component list ID
Electrolyte chemistry ID
Use true species approach for
electrolytes
Free-water phase properties method
Water solubility method
Number of stages
Condenser
Reboiler
Number of phases
Free-water
Top stage pressure [psia]
Specified reflux ratio
Specified bottoms rate [kmol/hr]
Specified boilup rate [kmol/hr]
Specified distillate rate [lbmol/hr]
EO Model components
Calculated molar reflux ratio
B2
PENGROB
YES
STEAMTA
3
17
PARTIALV
KETTLE
2
NO
250
10
23
10
34,92661
Calculated bottoms rate [kmol/hr]
25
95,45238
Calculated boilup rate [kmol/hr]
92
10,43262
Calculated distillate rate [kmol/hr]
45
45,77761
Condenser / top stage temperature [C] 42
17,23689
Condenser / top stage pressure [bar]
32
Condenser / top stage heat duty
90116,56
[cal/sec]
76
Condenser / top stage subcooled duty
Condenser / top stage reflux rate
104,3262
[kmol/hr]
45
Condenser / top stage free water
reflux ratio
17,23689
Reboiler pressure [bar]
32
128,2385
Reboiler temperature [C]
83
102840,7
Reboiler heat duty [cal/sec]
15
Total feed stream CO2e flow [kg/hr]
0
Total product stream CO2e flow [kg/hr]

Net stream CO2e production [kg/hr]
Utility CO2e production [kg/hr]
Total CO2e production [kg/hr]
Condenser utility usage
Condenser utility cost
Condenser utility ID
Reboiler utility usage
Reboiler utility cost
Reboiler utility ID
Basis for specified distillate to feed
ratio
Specified distillate to feed ratio
Basis for specified bottoms to feed
ratio
Specified bottoms to feed ratio
Basis for specified boilup ratio
Specified boilup ratio
Calculated molar boilup ratio
Calculated mass boilup ratio
0
0
0
0
MOLE
MOLE
MOLE
2,732941
51
2,622050
43
Table 2: Results Summary Streams Material.
Feed: stage 9
RadFrac
Name
Property method
electrolytes
B2
PENGROB
YES
STEAM-

Number of stages
Condenser
Reboiler
Number of phases
Free-water
EO Model components
TA
3
17
PARTIALV
KETTLE
2
NO
250
9
23
9
34,92661
25
87,21517
29
10,43262
45
45,96264
17,23689
32
81344,86
[cal/sec]
21
93,89362
[kmol/hr]
06
reflux ratio
17,23689
32
128,1835
97
94055,62
18
0
Total product stream CO2e flow [kg/hr] 0
0
0
0
Reboiler utility ID
ratio
MOLE
ratio
MOLE

MOLE
2,497097
96
2,395198
3
Feed: stage 8
RadFrac
Name
Property method
electrolytes
Number of stages
Condenser
Reboiler
Number of phases
Free-water
EO Model components
B2
PENGROB
YES
STEAMTA
3
17
PARTIALV
KETTLE
2
NO
250
8
23
8
34,92661
25
78,98976
63
10,43262
45
46,23304
17,23689
32
72607,19
[cal/sec]
26
83,46099
[kmol/hr]
61
reflux ratio
17,23689
32
128,1035
16
85298,48
55
0

Reboiler utility ID
ratio
ratio
0
0
0
MOLE
MOLE
MOLE
2,261592
54
2,168536
9
Feed: stage 7
RadFrac
Name
Property method
B2
PENGROB
electrolytes
Number of stages
Condenser
Reboiler
Number of phases
Free-water
EO Model components
YES
STEAMTA
3
17
PARTIALV
KETTLE
2
NO
250
7
23
7
34,92661
25
70,78899
29
10,43262
45
46,65018
17,23689
32
63934,25
[cal/sec]
13
73,02837
[kmol/hr]
16
reflux ratio
17,23689
32
127,9791
55
76595,20
37
0
0
0
0
Reboiler utility ID
MOLE
ratio
ratio
MOLE
MOLE
2,026792
4
1,942331
16

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Overall Assumptions

Feed temperature 214oF;

Where c and r are constant.

Total product stream CO2e flow [kg/hr]

Table 2: Results Summary Streams Material.

Water solubility method

Specified bottoms to feed ratio

Table 4: Results Summary Streams Material.

Net stream CO2e production [kg/hr]

Table 6: Results Summary Streams Material.

Table 8: Results Summary Streams Material.

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