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PROGRAM
SEMESTER
SUBJECT CODE & NAME

FALL 2013
BAJM
6
BJ0060 INFORMATION SOCIETY

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Q1--Write a long note on Digital Society.

ANSWER-----October 17 is significant for the Digital Society in India since it was on October 17, 2000,
that information technology act2000, the first law of the digital society in India was notified. This
notification gave for the first time in the country, legal recognition for electronic documents. It also
provided a legally recognized method of authentication of electronic documents by means of digital
signatures. Additionally, Information Technology Act 2000 recognized Cyber Crimes and prescribed a
fast track grievance redressal mechanism for Cyber Crimes. It is therefore appropriate that the day be
remembered as an important event in the e-history of India. The formal celebration of the day started in
2006 at Bangalore where in an event organized by Digital Society Foundation, a trust promoted by Cyber
Law College October 17 formally declared as the Digital Society Day by the honorable Judge of
Karnataka High Court Sri N Kumar. Since then, this historic day has been commemorated each with
activities of interest to the digital society in India.
Information society brings the transformation to a digital society; The information age is also known as
the computer age or digital age. Basically it is just an idea that the current age signifies through the ability
of individuals to transfer information freely, and to have instant access to knowledge that would have
been difficult or impossible to find previously. The term information age is often used with regards to the
use of modern gadgets like cell phones, PDAs, digital cameras, the Internet, digital music, mhigh
definition television, Internet telephony, chat rooms, cable TV, and other items that have come into
common use in the past 30 years. Owing to its widespread usability and access, the Internet has enabled
entirely new forms of interaction, activities and organizing. Its basic features are such as to permit its
widespread usability and access.

Digital citizenship is a concept which helps teachers, technology leaders and parents to understand what
students/children/technology users should know to use technology appropriately. Digital citizenship is
more than just a teaching tool; it is a way to prepare students/technology users for a society full of
technology.
In the digital society both the personal and professional lives of people across the globe have acquired
new contours. Growing up in the era of Face book, My Space and Google has resulted in a more
interconnected and easily accessibly social life. For instance, when our parents were growing up, if they
wanted to hang out with their friends they had to ride their bike over to their friend's house or at least get
the elders and acquaintances to drop them off. For the present generation social connectivity has become
very easy. For example, what begins with Internet messaging (IM) your friends can lead to a better and
easier communication channel that will be with you for the rest of your life and can help you in the 'real
world' of corporate, better known as anticipatory socialization.
Living in the digital society has better prepared most of us for a life in which everyday more and more of
our tasks get automated by computers or made to work more efficiently. Gone are the times when the
students slogged out their notes and papers on typewriters. We have smartly moved into the future.
Hopefully the coming generations will have a better answer as to the effects then us.

Q2/ What are Personal Digital Assistants? Describe their use.

Answer

Personal Digital Assistants ------ PDA (personal digital assistant) is a term for any small mobile handheld device that provides computing and information storage and retrieval capabilities for personal or
business use, often for keeping schedule calendars and address book information handy. The term hand
held is a synonym. Many people use the name of one of the popular PDA products as a generic term.
These include HewlettPackards Palmtop and 3Com's Palm Pilo. Most PDAs have a small keyboard.
Some PDAs have an electronically sensitive pad on which handwriting can be received. Apple's Newton,
which has been withdrawn from the market, was the first widely-sold PDA that accepted handwriting.
Typical uses include schedule and address book storage and retrieval and note-entering. However, many
applications have been written for PDAs. Increasingly, PDAs are combined with telephones and paging
systems. Some PDAs offer a variation of the Microsoft Windows operating system called Windows CE .
Other products have their own or another operating system.
The first PDA made its appearance in 1986. It was launched by Psion, and was
called the Organizer II. Five years later came Psion's Series 3. It looked increasingly like the PDAs we are
used to seeing today equipped with a full keyboard. The term PDA was first used on 7 January 1992 by
John Sculley, CEO of Apple Computers at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas, Nevada, while
he spoke of the Apple Newton. In 1996, Nokias first mobile phone offering PDA functions, the 9000
Communicator, was launched. This model went on to become the world's best-selling PDA.

Features of PDAs--A usual PDA has a touch screen as well as a memory card. The touch screen is used
for entering data while the memory card slot is used for storing data. Some PDAs do not have a touch
screen.
Touch screen -The original PDAs featured a touch screen for the interaction with the user. It only had
few buttons for shortcuts to often-used programs.
A virtual keyboard: It is a keyboard that is provided on the touch screen.
Memory cards--Though the early PDAs did not have slots for memory cards, the case is different now.
Wired connectivity-Whilst early PDAs connected with a users personal computer through serial ports or
other proprietary connection, nowadays they connect through a USB cable.
Wireless connectivity-Most modern PDAs come equipped with Bluetooth, which is a popular wireless
protocol for mobile devices.
Synchronization---Most of the PDAs can harmonize their data with applications on a users personal
computer. This permits the user to do the following:
Update his contacts
Schedules
Automobile navigation---Global positioning system (GPS) receivers have PDAs. This is specifically so
in the case of smart phones. PDAs with GPS functionality can be used for automobile navigation. It is
quite normal for PDAs to be fitted on new cars.
Rugged PDAs-Many businesses and government organizations use rugged PDAs, which are also called
enterprise digital assistants (EDAs) for mobile data applications.
With the above features and functions
Science and Medicine---PDA products aimed at the specific needs of the medical field are being
developed. They could be of use in the following areas:
Drug databases
Treatment information
Medical news
PDAs help diagnose diseases and select drugs. Patients using PDAs to record symptoms are said to be
more effective in communicating in their follow up visits. Soon it will be possible for patients to wear
body sensors, which facilitate monitoring of their conditions. Sensor Web technology will make this
possible and this will be of great help to diabetics and epileptics.
Education- With widespread use of mobile technology, the idea of using the same as a learning device
has also caught on. M-learning has been encouraged by many educational institutions, which have
integrated PDAs into their teaching methodology. Educators are also adopting the practice of sending
study material using the Internet or infrared file-sharing functions of the PDA. It is now possible to read
e-books or electronic textbooks, which can be uploaded directly to a PDA.. Therefore, students will not
have to carry too many text books to the class room.
Recreation
PDAs can be used to play music. ----A wide range of music file formats can be played using PDAs.
Some even offer the functions of an MP3 player. PDAs can be used to check distance, speed and time by
those participating in or watching road rallies. The GPS functions of PDAs can be used for navigation.
Divers use PDAs to plan the breathing of gas mixtures and decompression schedules using software such
as V-Planner underwater.

For people with disabilities -----Those with special needs such as the physically challenged can use
PDAs offering different degrees of accessibility depending on the model and service.
People with vision, hearing, mobility, or speech impairments can use PDAs on a limited basis. Of course,
it is possible to use accessibility software such as speech recognition to enhance the devices. of popular
consumer PDA devices. Patients who have suffered traumatic brain injury or those who need to be treated
for post-traumatic stress disorder can benefit from PDAs
Q3 DISCUSS IMPORTANCE OF E LEARNING.
ANSWER----Learning Management systems (LMS) or e-learning has resulted in a paradigm shift in
education systems. E-learning is defined as Internet-enabled learning that involves the convergence of the
Internet and learning. The rapid development of Internet has facilitated its growth. E-learning uses the
concept of distance learning but at a faster rate. Traditional distance learning was conducted by mailing
the course contents and then student was left alone to study till the test. On the other hand, e-learning
provides faster learning at less cost, and access to a large number of learning resources and an
accountability for all the participants. It is made up of several components, including content delivery in
multiple formats, management of the learning process and a networked community of learners, trainers,
content developers and experts. E-learning should not be just a machine-based method for teaching and
will be only effective in engaging all the participants when it has a human touch. The learning can be on
any level, elementary school, college, or corporate. E-learning is gaining popularity because of the
obvious advantages it offers:
Minimizes travel
Open for working people
Career-oriented training easily available
No time constraint
Little infrastructure required
Innovative and interactive learning
The concept gained popularity in the mid 1980s and was used by several institutes in the United States
like the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute, the New York Institute of Technology, the New Jersey
Institute of Technology, and Connected Education. In recent times, the Independent Student Media
organization was established for organizing e-learning institutes. There were approximately 1.9 million
learners in e-learning at institutes of higher education by 2003. Most of the students came from Australia,
New Zealand and the United Kingdom. Soon, the number of people who applied for e-learning courses
increased at a rate of 25 per cent annually. In other words, e-learning, a term that is used to refer to
computer based learning, began employing web-based training and teaching materials, CD-ROMs,
learning management software, discussion boards, e-mail, computer aided assessment, simulation, online
conferencing and other related methods. Today, e-learning has expanded beyond the academic scene.
Companies are now considering e-learning as an option to educate employees on information
dissemination, training and other issues. This move facilitates companies as it helps them in saving huge
amounts of money in training and educating their employees. E-learning companies offer support to
businesses to help them achieve their goals. They assist in implementing key decision areas like
organizational and human capital development, successful strategies, leadership, coaching, mentoring and
management. Many services such as creating, designing and building interactive training courses and
student environment courseware development are also imparted so that customer retention is increased.
There are Web-based learning programmes , corporate online training systems and content management
that are offered by companies. Apart from these, one also comes across Web hosting, access control,
installing the user group, security and system backup. it must be mentioned that the concept of e-learning
is vague to many of us in India. On the contrary, the idea is gaining huge popularity in the West.
Essentially, it means electronic learning and is delivered through a computer. Its meaning differs with
respect to the context in which it is used. For instance, in the field of business it refers to the strategies

used by a company network to give training to its employees. In many universities, the term refers to a
specific method to convey the contents of a course or programme to the students online. There are many
higher education systems that offer e-learning packages. Needless to say, online education is fast
developing in the education system and is used in many universities across several research areas.
E-learning refers to the methods adopted to teach with the help of technology. The different types of elearning are based on: means of communication, schedule, e-learning class structure and technologies
used. There are two types of e-learning: synchronous and asynchronous. In synchronous e-learning, we
implement real-time communication. This involves making use of video conferencing, teleconferencing
and online chat programmes. In asynchronous e-learning, we do not need to employ real-time responses.
These include e-mail, list serves, threaded discussions, blogs and online
forums. E-learning is of three types: self-paced, instructor-led and self-study with an expert. In self-paced
e-learning method, the learner is provided with the materials and guidelines regarding the
training/instruction. In the instructor-led method, the learner is given a guide to implement the instruction.
Under the self-study method, self-paced and instructor-led modes are combined to offer necessary
services.

Q4 What are the various types of websites ?discuss twenty types of web sites.
Answer---The term website is used to refer to a collection of related WebPages that comprise images,
videos or other digital assets. A Web server is used to host a website. The site can be accessed via a
network that includes the Internet or a private local area network. This connection is established by the
means of an Internet address or a Uniform Resource Locator (URL).
In terms of functions, a website may be classified as follows:
A personal website
A commercial website
A government website
A non-profit organization website
In other words, a website can be regarded as the work of an individual, a business or other organization.
We can also dedicate it to some particular topic or purpose. A website may also incorporate a hyperlink to
any other website. Due to this association, the difference between individual sites may sometimes
be blurred from the users perspective.
TYPES OF WEBSITES---Websites are either static and interactive. Interactive sites are a part of the
Web
2.0 community of sites. They allow interactivity between the site owner and site visitors. On the other
hand, static sites do not allow engagement with the users but serve or capture the information.
Each type of website specializes in a particular type of content or use. We can classify them in several
ways.
A few such classifications are as follows:
1. Affiliates: This is a site which aims to sell a third partys product. The seller receives a commission for
facilitating the sale.
2. Affiliate agencies: This is an enabled portal that provides not only its custom CMS (content
management system) but also syndicated content from other content providers for an agreed fee. There
are usually three relationship tiers. For example, Commission Junction, advertisers like eBay and
consumers like Yahoo!
3. Archive sites: These sites are used to preserve valuable electronic content threatened with extinction.
Two examples are: Internet Archive, which since 1996 has preserved billions of old (and new) webpages;
and Google Groups, which in early 2005 was archiving over 845,000,000 messages posted to Usenet
news/discussion groups.

4. Attack sites: These sites are created specifically to attack the computers of the visitors on their first
visit to a website by downloading a file (usually a Trojan horse). These websites rely on unsuspecting
users with poor anti-virus protection in their computers.
5. Blogs (Web logs): These sites are generally used to post online diaries, which may include discussion
forums (e.g., blogger, Xanga). Many bloggers use blogs like an editorial section of a newspaper to express
their ideas on anything ranging from politics to religion to video games to parenting, along with anything
in between. Some bloggers are professional bloggers and they are paid to blog about a certain subject.
They are usually found on news sites.
6. Brand building sites: These sites are developed with the purpose of creating an experience of a brand
online. These sites usually do not sell anything but focus on building the brand. Brand building sites are
most common for low-value, high-volume fast moving consumer goods (FMCG).
7. Celebrity websites: In these websites, information revolves around a celebrity. These sites can be
official (endorsed by the celebrity) or fan made (run by his/her fan/ fans, without implicit endorsement).
8. Click-to-donate sites: These websites allow the visitor to donate to charity simply by clicking on a
button or answering a question correctly. An advertiser usually donates to the charity for each correct
answer generated. For example, the Hunger Site, Freerice, Ripple (charitable organization), etc.
9. Community sites: This is a site where persons with similar interests communicate with each other,
usually by chat or message boards. For example, My space, Facebook, Orkut, etc.
10. Content sites: The business of these sites is the creation and distribution of original content. For
example, Slate, About.com, etc.
11. Corporate websites: These websites are used to provide background information about a business,
organization or service.
12. Dating websites: These sites allow users to find people who are interested in long-term relationships,
dating or making friends only. Many of them are pay per services, such as eHarmony and Match.com, but
there are many free or partially free dating sites. Most dating sites today have the
functionality of social networking websites.
13. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) sites: These sites offer goods and services for online sale and
enabling online transactions for such sales.
14. Forum websites: These are sites where people discuss various topics.
15. Government sites: These sites are made by the local, state, department or national government of a
country. Usually these sites also operate websites that are intended to inform tourists or support tourism.
For example, Richmond.com is the geo-domain for Richmond, Virginia.
16. Gripe sites: These sites are devoted to the criticism of a person, place, corporation, government or
institution.
17. Gaming websites/Gambling websites: These sites allow users to play online games. Some enable
people to gamble online.
18. Humour site: These sites satirize, parody or otherwise exist solely to amuse.
19. Information sites: Most websites could fit in this type of website. To some extent, many of them are
not necessarily for commercial purposes. For example, Rate My Professors. com, Free Internet Lexicon
and Encyclopaedia . Most government, educational and non-profit institutions have an informational site.
20. Media sharing sites: These sites enable users to upload and view media such as pictures, music and
videos. For example, Flick r, YouTube, Pure Volume and Google Videos.
21. Mirror sites: These sites are the replication of another website. These types of websites are used as a
response to spikes in user visitors. Mirror sites are most commonly used to provide multiple sources of
the same information, and are of particular value as a way of providing reliable access to large
downloads.
22. Microblog sites: These sites are a short and simple form of blogging. Microblogs are limited to
certain amounts of characters and work similar to a status update on Facebook. For example, Twitter.
23. News sites: These sites are similar to an information site, but are dedicated to dispensing news,
politics and commentary. For example, cnn.com.

24. Personal websites: These websites are about an individual or a small group (such as a family) that
contains information or any content that the individual wishes to include. Many personal homepages are
rare, thanks to the modern era of social networking sites such as MySpace, but some are still used for
home businesses. This website is different from a celebrity website, which can be very expensive and run
by a publicist or agency.
25. Phishing sites: These websites are created to fraudulently acquire sensitive information, such as
passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business (such as Social
Security Administration, PayPal) in an electronic communication. ETC.
We can classify some websites in one or more of these categories. For example, it is possible
that a business website may promote the products of the business and also contain information on
documents, such as white papers. Similarly, there are sub-categories to the ones listed earlier. For
example, a porn site is a specific type of e-commerce site or business site as it sells memberships for
access to its site. It also possesses social networking capabilities. A movie stars fan site may be a
dedication from the owner to a particular celebrity.

Q5 WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF ONLINE SHOPING?

Answer----- Many people browse through popular ecommerce stores and search engines to find whatever
they are looking for. While there are some disadvantages to buying products online, there are many more
advantages and benefits.
The advantages of online shopping usually outnumber the risks or disadvantages. And it is obvious
from the way the numbers in the data regarding online shoppers keep growing every day. A few of them
can be discussed as follows.
1.Convenience Online shopping is actually possible 24 hours of the day. Internet access both at home
and at work and also in schools and Internet cafes make shopping possible at any time in the day. On the
other hand, a visit to the conventional store involves travelling to the store and a compulsion to organize it
in the business hours of the vendor too. There are other conveniences also besides the saving of time and
energy. Customers can buy from anywhere on the globe which reduces the dependency on local retailers
and allows several purchases which would have been otherwise impossible.
Information
The information that is available online is what entices the customers to login and complete a purchase.
This requires a detailed description of the products for sale aided to a large extent by the photos and
multimedia files. The direct inspection possible in a physical store has to be compensated here.
Background information, how-to guides, links, top supplementary product information (such as
instructions, safety procedures, demonstrations, manufacturers specifications) are provided in most of the
virtual shopping portals. Real-time chat features are also incorporated to substitute the clerks in
conventional stores to clarify doubts or provide details for the customers.
Price and Selection
The possibility of seeking deals and discounts is what draws many people towards online shopping.
Search engines, Discovery shopping engines and price comparison services are used to zero-in upon a
product or service. Shipping costs do reduce the price advantage of online shopping but many online
retailers offer free shipping on sufficiently large orders.
Reviews
Many e-stores and portals provide a platform for customers to record their feedback and also to comment
and rate their products. Results of surveys are also uploaded in such platforms. The customer get to know
about the opinion of the people who have already bought the product though this usually comes with a

favourable bias towards the product. However, there are other dedicated review sites which host reviews
about different products which do prove to be unbiased.
Return of Merchandise
In case there are complaints of the merchandise delivered being not what the customer required or not up
to the expectations, most online shops provide a replacement or a refund for the product.
Convenience
Shopping online is convenient. You dont need to get dressed and drive to your favorite store. You can
easily visit their website, find the product you want and buy it without getting out of your pyjamas. Its
also convenient because you dont need to wait for the store to open.
If you work irregular hours or are very busy, then you probably dont have the time to visit the store.
Shopping online allows you to buy things without hurting your schedule.
Variety
Most physical stores have a limited array of products. They can only hold so many items, and there are
often many policies affecting the availability of products. For example, there might be a certain item that
is only available to those versions of the business that exist in the mall. Shopping online allows you to
find many products that you wouldnt be able to find in a physical store. You can also buy products that
may not logically go together like candy canes and quilts.

Fewer Traps
Physical stores are made to lure you into buying more things. They use posters, sales messages, colours
and product placement to make you buy additional items. The most popular products are typically in the
back because the owner wants you to view all of his or her other products. Many people will find a few
additional items by the time they reach the thing they came in for.
These tactics are not as pronounced with online stores. This means that you wont feel the pressure to buy
other things.
Discreet Shopping
Physical stores often make it difficult to buy certain items. For example, buying lingerie without getting a
few awkward stares is nearly impossible. There are many instances of this, and sometimes you might feel
embarrassed for no reason.
Shopping online gives you privacy because you wont have people looking at you while you shop. Not
only that, but the receipts are usually made so that no one will know what you bought.

Q6-DISCUSS CONSUMER DEVICE WITH TOUCH SCREEN TECHNOLOGIES.

ANSWER Along with the leading technology, projected capacitive touch, the industry has a dozen
other ways of building a touch screen, but not all of them are suitable for the rapidly growing consumer
electronics market that needs high performance and high clarity. Every single one of the 15 different
touch technologies has its own strengths and weaknesses and is therefore used in very different
applications. Hence, there will not be just one technology in the next decade, but a few that clearly lead
the market. Even more so, since touch interfaces are added to more and more existing and new
applications with display sizes ranging from only a few inches to over 150 inches. The next game changer
will be alternatives for indium tin oxide (ITO) widely used as touch screen sensor material, which is
comparably expensive due to the high price of the rare raw material indium. This will not only change the
cost structure, but also open the gate to bendable, rollable and stretchable electronics with touch
functionality.
Touchscreen The original PDAs featured a touchscreen for the interaction with the user. Itonly had few
buttons for shortcuts to often-used programs. Touchscreen PDAs generally come with a detachable stylus,
which is very helpful in making selections. The PDA is used by the user by tapping the screen for
selecting buttons or issuing commands, or it is done by moving a finger or the stylus on the screen for
making selections or scroll. General methods of entering text on touchscreen PDAs include the following:
A virtual keyboard: It is a keyboard that is provided on the touchscreen. The user enters text by
tapping the keyboard with the help of a finger or astylus.
An external keyboard: It is connected through USB, Infrared port or Bluetooth. The users might
choose a chorded keyboard for one-handed use.
Handwriting recognition: This software is used where letters or words are written on the touchscreen,
and the PDA converts the input to text.
Stroke recognition: This software permits the user to make a predefined set of strokes on the touch
screen. These strokes represent the different characters to be input. They are simplified character shapes
that are easy for the device to recognize. A famous stroke recognition system is Palms Graffiti.
Despite of the continuous research and development of projects, the endusers have varying
encounters with handwriting recognition systems. While some people find it frustrating as well as
inaccurate, others are happy with the quality of the recognition. Touchscreen PDAs that are intended for
business use generally offer full keyboards and scroll wheels or thumbwheels for facilitating data entry
and navigation. A lot of touch screen PDAs hold up an external keyboard as well. Specialized folding
keyboards that offer a full-sized keyboard but collapse in a small size for transport, are offered for many
models. External keyboards might attach with the PDA directly by using a cable or with the help of
wireless technology like infrared or Bluetooth for connecting with the PDA. Newer PDAs, such as the
HTC HD2, Apple iPhone, Apple iPod Touch, and Palm Pre, Palm Pre Plus, Palm Pixi, Palm Pixi Plus
consist of more advanced forms of touchscreen, which can register multiple touches as the same time.
These multi-touch displays permits for more sophisticated interfaces that use different actions that are
entered with one or more fingers.

CONTACT ME TO GET FULLY SOLVED SMU

ASSIGNMENTS/PROJECT/SYNOPSIS/EXAM GUIDE PAPER

Email Id: mrinal833@gmail.com

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COST= 100 RS PER SUBJECT