Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
at Nanded:
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION THEORIES
GANDA SINGH
Some others
By the Same Author
ENGLISH
' Banda Singh Bahadar
Gurdwara Shahidganj, Lahore
Qazi Nur Mohd.'s langllamah
Guru Nanak
A Short History of the Sikhs
Khalsa College, Amrilsar
British Occupation of Panjab
Anglo-Sikh Wars, Pte. Corresp.
Bibliography of the Panjab
Bibliography of Pat. EPS Union
Conf. Papers of Akali Movement
Guru Arjun's Martyrdom
An Account of the Sikh People
PANIABI
Maharaja Kaura Mall Balzadur
Sardar Sham Singh Atariwala
Kukian di Vithyil
Sikh ltihas Wal
Sikh ltihas Bare
Panjdb dian Varai1
Sikh ltiktisik Yadgaran
Afghanistan dil safar
Panjab 1849 - 1960
Banda Singh BaMdur
Hukam-Name Guru Stihibtin
Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia
Dr Bhai Jodh Singh
URDU AND PERSIAN
lnki!haf i H aqiqat
Mtikhizi.Tawarikhj-Sikhtin
KuJliytit-Bhiii Nandltil Goya
Mukhtisar Nanak-Shahi lantri
GANDA SINGH
1972
GURU NANAK FOUNDATION, BHATINDA DISTRICT,
FARIDKOT
Copyright
GANDA SINGH
First Published 1972
PUBLISHERS' NOTE
S ecretary .
Guru Nanak Foundation.
Published by Sardar Gurcharan Singh, M.A., PES (J) , for the Guru Nanak
Foundation, Bhatinda District, Faridkot, and primed by J.R. Mangla
at the PhulkiQlj Press, Phulkian Marg, Patiala.
PREFACE
GANDASINGH
CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
9
11
13
15
18
26
41
51
51
54
60
63
65
66
70
72
74
APPENDICS
I
II
79
79
81
- 81
83
87
88
89
90
91
93
XII
XIII
XIV
XV
XVI
XVII
XVIII
ii
iii
IV
v
vi
vii
viii
ix
x
xi
xii
xii'i
XIX
1.
10
was changed into olive green for use in the greenish jungles.
It was also under similar circumstances and for a
similar purpose in an exigency of war that Guru Gobind Singh,
after his successful escape from the siege of Chamkaur, accepted the shelter of Ghani Khan and Nabi Khan, the Pathan
brothers of Machhiwara, and adopted, in response to their
request, the blue dress of the venerable Pir of Uch. It was
a part of tactics in an emergency during his war with Wazir
Khan, the faujdtir of Sirhind. It was a temporary precaution
for his safety in tipat-ktil-time of adversity-as an old authority
put it. And there was nothing wrong or derogatory in it.
As soon as he was out of the reach of his pursuers, he cast
his blue dress away and was up and doing again in rallying
his scattered followers and fighting the battle of Muktsar.
The Guru knew no despondency and did not give way
to frustration even under the most adverse circumstances. He
lost not his heart at the deaths of his four young sons and his
aged mother. Two of his sons he had himself sent into
the field of battle at Chamkaur. He heard the news of the
cold-blooded murder of his younger sons at Sirhind with
complete resignation to the Will of God. His letter addressed
to Emperor Aurangzeb from Dina, populary known as the
Zajar Ntimtih or Epistle of Victory, evidently in reply to one
from ,the Emperor, speaks -through its style and contentvolumes for the undisturbed and ever calm state of his mind.
With the cessation of war, evidently, under royal orders,
Guru Gobind Singh again engaged himself in literary pursuits
and completed and edited the Sikh holy book at Talwandi
Sabo, now known as Damdama Sahib, in the Bhatinda
district.
2.
HIS LAST DA YS
11
12
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION
THEORIES
Baghaur in Rajasthan. He ~mmediately marched back towards the Panjab and was in the neighbourhood of Delhi
when the emissaries of the heir-apparent Prince Muhammad
Muazzam appealed to him for assistance. He was then face
to face wi th a great trial of his life. And he was able to meet
it boldly and in the right way. He was not to be deflected
from the right decision by memories of past bitter relations
with the prince's ancestors. For him the bitter past had died
with the past. He rose above the weaknesses of revengeful
mortals and, ]ike a true Guru and a chivalrous soldier that
he was, he espoused the cause of the rightful claimant to the
imperial throne against his usurping younger brother
Muhammad Azam and helped him with a detachment of men
in the battle of Jajau in June 1707. He met the new emperor,
Shah Alam Bahadur Shah (the old Prince Muhammad
Muazzam) at Agra in a public darbar on July 23, 1707, when
the royal host publicly acknowledged the Guru's assistance
in the war of succession and presented to him, in token
thereof, a rich dress of honour, including a dhukh-dhukhi worth
sixty thousand rupees. The Guru was then accompanied by
a number of Sikhs. He kept his people in the Panjab and
elsewhere fully informed through formal letters not only of
his important activities but also of his future intentions and
programme. He kept nothing secret from the Khalsa whom
he.had openly, and on many occasions, declared to be his
very self-Khalsa mero roop hoi khas, Khalse men Izau karaun
niviis. Nor did he ever, throughout his normal ]ife, travel
or move about incognito. In the train of Emperor Bahadur
Shah moving to the Deccan, he was accompanied by a number
of Sikhs and availed himself of the opportunity of visiting
the various Sikh Sangats on the way. The Tiirikh-i-Bahiidur
Shahi tells us that, when accompanying the royal camp, "he
was in the habit of constantly addressing assemblies of
worldly persons, religious fanatics and all sorts of people."
[Elliot and Dowson, History of India, viii, p. 566.]
At Nanded, where he arrived in the last week of August
1708, he performed the normal duties of life and regularly
13
]4
afbaoT).{T, stet
l1J
~ '5T
'5
~ ~TtJ
B~T
313
gU ~ Hf~;}
EOf
gU f~
qrc 3 u-a I
38 013 fm foarH
~~ "
....
3TRO
g~
fRl:f
~'
Ho
I C1IOa~T 03
fH"U' fOR'
~o I
[ Appendix l.J
fRUl
15
;:r
<JH ~
A'i3"
H or
tr'
UoHHa ttJfa
OClor ~~ Hf<J ufa
BlFf
H
5~
Bern
3~n orr
~ I
~ I
I
ftT3-
Those who call me God, shall fall into the pit of hell.
Consider me to be a slave of His. Have no doubt
about it.
I am but a slave of the Almighty Lord, and have come to
see the spectacle of the world.
[Bachittar Na/ak, vi. 32, 33.]
India has nO doubt been the land of great philosophers, poets and masters of astrology, astronomy and many
other sciences. But as believers in the unreality of human
life which, according to their negative philosophy, was maya
and mithya, illusory and unreal, they paid no serious
attention to history, the objective recording of its activities.
In an unreal world they saw no sense in keeping accounts of
the transitory lives of the human beings who were but insignificant creatures in this vast universe. With this philosophy
and attitude, the scholars of ancient India could not appreciate and develop the discipline of history. They were poets
par excelIence, no doubt. But poets are men of imagination
and emotion. They at times rise to great heights far above
the unalloyed truths of life, and in their flights of imagination they create a world of their own and present things
and happenings of this world in their own subjective manner,
not un often far removed from reality. In this, the poets
say, lies the skill and beauty of this art. This is particularly
the case with the Braja-bhasha poets under the influence
of their ancient literature. The poets of other Indian languages, including Panjabi, have not lagged behind them in the
introduction of fables and supernatural element in their
epical narratives. Thus, history in the hands of imaginative and emotional poets and fablers is very often mutilated
17
18
19
20
fA# -'.J~~LY5t,;J
.J!J(Jf'14' j;
~~/"Cff~(7Y
21
22
t For the fact that Bairtigi Madho Das was formally baptized as a
Singh by Guru Gobind Singh at Nanded in September 1708, see Ganda
Singh's Banda Singh Bahadur (English, 1935), pp. 15-19; (Panjabi, 1964)
19-21 ; the Sikh Review, April 1961.
ived from the Sikhs who had returned from Nanded and had
been eye-witpesses to what they had related to Sainapat. As
far as we can see, the purity of his account, though brief in
many places, is not m:udqied with the mixture of imaginary
myths introduced later into the life of the Guru, beginning
with the Gur-bitas PatshahZ Das by Koer Singh, written in
1751, forty-three ye~lfs after the death of the Guru.
. Mentioning the deatp of the Guru (xvm-34-37) without any poetical embellishment, the Sri Gur Sobha tells us that
a day befor~ the event the Guru had, in reply to a question of
the Sikhs, said that he "had bestowed his physical form upon
the Khalsa~bakhsh deeo Khalis ko jama (xvlII-41)-and that
the Limitless and the Eternal Word was the Satguru- Satguru
hamara apar apara Shabad bichara ajar-jaran (xvIIl-43). This
was Guru Gobind Singh's last message and his final commandment saying in unmistakable langua~e and clear words
that he was not appointing any particular individual as the
succeeding Guru and that the Khalsa under the gui~ance of
the Divine Word - the Gur-bani - was to be the future physical and spiritual representative of the Guru. [Appendix II.)
This has since become the accepted creed of the Sikhs
as inculcated by Bhai Nandlal in his Rahit Nama or the Rules
of Conduct. Bhai Nandlal, as history knows, was a devoted
Sikh of Guru Gobind Singh and had stayed with him for some
time at Anandpur. According to the Amar Nama", line 42,
Bhai Nandlal was present in the Emperor's camp at Nanded as
one of his ministers during the Guru's stay there. He was a
distinguished scholar of Persian and Panjabi and, out of his
ten works known to us, eight - five in Persian and three in
Panjabi - are commentaries on Sikh life and teachings. One
of them, the Rahit-nama, which is written in the form of a
dialogue between the Guru and the Bhai, lays down the rules
for Sikh conduct. Therein, as. already mentioned in one of the
previous paragraphs, the Guru had told Bhai Nandlal that, in
add,ition to his soul being a part of the Invisible Divine Soul
(- Nirgun sarup-) , his two other forms were the Granth
- mera rup Granth ji jan-embodying the Gur-bani, and the
23
24
Sikhs (the Kltalsri) deeply absorbed in it. This not only clarifies but also supports the Guru's last message and commandment to the Khalsa mentioned in the Srz Gur Sobha.
The Gur-bi/as Chhevin PatshaM leaves no doubt about
the recognition by the Sikhs of the Guruship of Guru Granth
Sahib after the death of Guru Gobind Singh. The Gur-bilas
was begun by its author, poet Sohan, in May 1717 and was
completed on July 22, 1718 (Sawan 22, Sudi 5, 1775 Bikrami),
within ten years of the Guru's death. Its fourth chapter is
devoted to the compilation of the holy book by Guru Arjun
and the first twelve verses of the fifth chapter to its formal
installation in the Darbar Sahib, Amritsar. Therein the author
has invariably used the then accepted prefix Guru to the Granth
and has called it the Guru Granth. The following verses of
chapter IV are very significant indeed :
HH ~orlH1
Ra
~1
~ Rf~ aT~
focn:ro
II 409 II
I
am
25
his last days and death at Nanded in the Deccan in 1708 (Guru
Siihib Daswen Pii/shiih ji ke JOlt jot Samiiwane kii Prasang) and of
the first battle of the Sikhs at Amritsar with the Mughal forces
of Lahore in 1709 (Viir Amritsar kl) during the governorship
of Aslam Khan : Copies of the first two manuscripts are also
available in the Amri/ Gulka preserved in the Panjab State
Archives, Patiala. According to the Guru Sahib Daswen
patsahah ji ke Jot; jot Sarnawane ka Prasang, which is based
on the information received from the companions of the Guru
himself - Hazilr ke khiis Sikhiin di rasnii theen - ,the Guru
before his death, told the Sikhs that he was not appointing
anyone to succeed him as Guru, that he was entrusting them to
Sri Siihib and the Sabda, the Great Word, as given in the Granth
Siihib which should be accepted by them all. [Appendix IIf.}
The Parehian Sewii Das, according to the date mentioned in the manuscript preserved in the Panjab University,
Lahore, was written in 1798 Bikrami, 1741 A.D., while the
manuscript in the Central State Library Patiala, bears 1896
Bikrami, -1839 A.D., as the date of its transcription. Sewa Das
was an Udasi Sadhu. Writing in the style of a mystic, he
tells us that the Guru had his funeral pyre prepared under his
own supervision. He mounted it fully dressed and armed, sat
on it cross-legged and that his light blended with the Divine
Light - jotf meh jot samane. Heaps of flowers and scent were
then showered on the pyre. After pouring plenty of ghee
thereon, the pyre was set alight-bahur baisan/ar lagiiyii dryii .
The Sikhs standing there started crying loudly. Several of
them tried to jump into the flaming pyre, but they were not
allowed to do so. When the pyre was all reduced to ashes,
they found no trace of the dead body or of the Guru's arms.
"All then So thought that the Guru BiiM .had gone (to heaven)
bodily." [Appendix IV.}
It is here for the firs t time, thirty-three years after the
death and cremation of the Guru, that a suggestion has been
made by a mystical minded Sadha of the Guru having ascended to heaven bodily. This is only a reflection of the thinking of an ultra-devotional mind of an] ascetic fed on the
26
27
28
29
Master, Koer Singh narrates at some length the formal installation of the Guru Granth Salzib as the Guru. He had been in
close touch with Bhai Mani Singh who was a contemporary
and close associate of Guru Gobind Singh and was the first
person to be appointed as the reader of the Guru Granth Sallil)
in the Darbar Sahib at Amritsar by Mata Sundd after the
Guru's death. As such, he was the best informed person on
the subject in addition to being the most qualified to explain
the significance of the Guru Grantll Sahib to Koer Singh. He
also tells us that a dagger had been found in the heap of the
ashes of the Guru's pyre.
As a poet, however, he has introduced into the storyof course after the pyre had been set on fire by a Sikh-the
arrival from heaven of all the ancient gods, blowing conches
and showering flowers, to offer a hearty welcome to the Guru
and to escort him to heaven with all the pomp and splendour
of a royal reception. This, of course, is the fiction of the
author's imagination added as poetical embellishment and
does not form a part of the Guru's historical biography.
According to Koer Singh, the Slldhu had the d!lrshan
of the Guru on the fourth day of his death and not on the
following morning.
Another work of the last quarter of the eighteenth
century, which we may refer to here, is the Bansavati Nama
of Kesar Singh Chhibar completed in 1826 Bikrami, 1769-70
A.D. Kesar Singh's ancestors had been in the service of Guru
Gobind Singh as diwans. He claims to have seen and
consulted in his early days a balti or account-book of the house
of the Guru. The tenth c1zaran or chapter of the book deals
with the life of Guru .Gobind Singh. Towards the end of it,
in stanzas 649-654, he. mentions the death of the Guru and
his last commandment saying in reply to the questions of the
Sikhs: "The Grallth is the Guru; you hold the garment
[seek the protection] of the Timeless God - bachan kita
Granth hai Guru, lar pakro AkaJ [650]. Two hours (!tharf)
later the Guru went to heaven; his light blended with Light.
The same night he was cremated after he had been bathed
30
32
33
When the Guru took the bow in his hand and wished to pull
it, the Sikhs submitted that the wound had not yet completely healed. The Guru said that there was no cause for fear.
He then pulled the bow, and the stitches gave way. At this
time the Gur u said that the time for his death had come. He
called the Sikhs to his presence and he was pleased to see
them. The Sikhs then asked him where they would have the
darshan (of the Guru]. The Great Guru, merciful to the lowly, said: "Our Ten forms have come to end. Now recognize
the Guru Gran/h Sahib in my place. He who wishes to talk to
me ~hould read the Adi Grantlt Sahib. This will be like talk,
ing to me.! have entrusted you to the lap of the Almighty ."
Having said this, he desired them to prepare the bibiin (the
wooden board to carry the dead body to the cremation
ground). After this was done, he lay down and covered
himself with a sheeCand liberated himself from human existence (or merged himself in the Divinity). Neither did he
come anywhere nor did he go anywhere. Seeing tqis spe~tacle
all people fully believed that the Great Guru was a part of
the Divine Light. The Guru's body was then cremated and
the Sri Guru Grantlz was recognized. in place of the Guru.
[Appendix VII.]
34
Bikrami, 1834 A.D. The Suraj Prakash deals with the lives
of tne Sikh Gurus and may be classed as hagiological literature wherein lives and legends are so closely interwoven that
they canpot be easily separated. And therein lies the beauty
of the art of poetry where prominence is given to imagination
and personal idiosyncrasy and not to impartial transcription
of historical realities. History is the faithful record of events
as they actually took place. It has no place for legends and
myths which figure so prominently in the Suraj Prakash. They
are mostly borrowed from earlier. hagiographs and freely
expanded by Bhai Santokh Singh with his embellishments in
which he hardly has a parallel in the Braj poetry. As such,
his account of the last days of Guru Gobind Singh cannot be
accepted as truly historical in ~all its details.
Some time before his death, Guru Gobind Singh is
said to have declared that he had transferred his Light to the
Khalsa-that the Guru was Khiilsa and the Khalsa was the
Guru. The Guru, fully dressed and armed, then walked to the
place of cremation and mounted the pyre. But the flaming
fire did not touch '.his body. He then, like the supernatural
yogis of old, produced fire (Yog-agnfj from within himself and
set out for heaven where he was welcomed and received by all
the ancient Hindu gods. This happened, says the poet,
on Katik Sud! 5, 1765 Bikrami, October 6-7, 1708 A.D. .
After the departure of the Guru for heaven, the great
poet also narrates the stories of his having been. seen in the
neighbouring jungle by a wood~cutter and a sadhu. In doing
so he bas only repeated' the legends of the earlier writers like
Koer Singh and Sukha Singh.
It will be interesting to note here that, unlike, all other
writers on the subject, the author of the Sliraj Prakiish mentions the installation of the Holy Bo<Jk, the Guru Granth Sahib,
as Guru during the last days of Guru Har Krishan as also
of the BaM of Bakala. [Riis 10, Ansu 51, No. 26-29; Ansu 55,
No. 20-23.]
MunsbiSant Singh, a vakil of the Bedis, wrote an
account of the Bedi family of Una under the title of the
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
Sing
[df
44
45
46
death, of his being the tenth and the last Guru of the Sikhs
and of his declaration and commandment regarding Guru
Granth Siihib being the Guru after him. We would, therefore,
quote here only the relevant passages from their works without
going into any particulars about them, following only the
~hronological order of their J?ublications.
Malcolm, Lt.-Col. , Sketch of the Sikhs, London, 1812.
Guru Govind was the last acknowledged religious ruler of
the Sikhs. A prophecy had limited their spiritual guides to
the number of ten ... [p.76].
This sect, as has been before stated, have never admitted a
spiritual leader since the death of Guru Govind [po 89J.
47
48
Aware that since the death of his brave sons there was none
among his adherents capable of following up his views and conquests, he fixed upon a Byragee fukeer, named Bunda, who became
his successor, though not as Gooroo. That title died with Gobind
Singh, the tenth and last [po 104J.
49
of the Panjab Judicial Service. His well known book the History
of the Panjab was published in 1891 and is still one of the
best books on the subject. Some time before the death of
Guru Gobind Singh when Sikhs asked him as to who would
be Guru after him, the dying apostolic hero, according to
Syed Muhammad Latif, told them:
"I entrust my Khalsa to the bosom c f the ever-lasting divine
being. Whoever wishes to behold the Guru, let him offer
karah parshad worth Re 1-4 or less, and bow before the Granth
and open it. and he shall be given an interview with the Guru . .
The Granth shall support you under all your troubles
and adversities in this world, and be a sure guide to you hereafter. The Guru shall dwell with the society of disciples, the
Khalsa, and wherever there shall be five Sikhs gathered
together. there shall the Guru be also present." The Guru
also gave them sundry warnings, telling them that there were
impostors in the world who would try to dissuade them
from the right path. but that his disciples should be on their
guard against them and give no ear to what they say. They
must have belief in One God and look on the Granth as His
inspired Jaw .... He then closed his eyes and began to pray, and
expired in the performance of his devotions [po 269].
50
8.
GENEALOGICAL ACCOUNTS -
GUR-PRANALlAN
CLAIMS OF SCHISMATICS
51
52
S3
-it is not the peers who fly, it is the murids or their followers
who make them fly.
)A
55.
S6
57
58
Ajapal Singh himself just before his death in A.D. 1812, the
question of the appointment of anyone else, including Bhai
Balak Singh, as the successor of Baba Ajapal Singh does not
arise. This knocks out all ground from under the story put
up by ~he Namdharis and reduces it to nothing more than
fiction.
We have available to us the Pothi Sardhii Puran BhiH
Balak Ii ki Siharfi written and published by one of his devoted
disciples, Bhai Shauqa Ram, in 1869 (completed on Bhadon
Sudi 15, Puran-mashi, 1926 Bikrami, September 20,
1869), within seven years of the death of the saint on
December 2, 1862. It was also later on published by Sardar
Shamsher Singh Ashok in the Panj Darya, Jullundur, for
October 1957. With all his overflowing devotion for his
worshipful master, Shauqa Ram, throughout the Pothi,
remembers Baba Balak Singh as Bhiii or Bhiii Sahib. With
the same respectful word, he mentions Baba Ram Singh
Namdhari who is recorded therein to have met at Wazirabad,
on the bank of the river Chenab, the procession of the ashes of
Bhai Balak Singh being taken to the Ganges at Hardwar.
It is apparent, therefor e, that the use of the word Guru for Bhai
Balak Singh or for Bhai Ram Singh had not yet been introduced into the Jagiasi-Abhyasi or Namdhari followers of
these saints. It came later and was, evidently, an innovation
unauthorized by Bhai Balak Singh.
The story of Guru Gobind Singh having blessed Baba
Balak Singh and through him, Baba Ram Singh, with Guruship
is as baseless and historically as incorrect and untenable as
the suggestion of Baba Ajapal Singh of Nabha being Guru
Gobind Singh having lived for one hundred and four years
after his death at Nanded in October 1708. There is no
evidence of any of the two having ever met Bhai Balak Singh.
The notes of Bhagat Lakshman Singh published in the
Jiwan Prm for August 1961 and his Autobiography (pp.3-6),
referred to above [Appendix XVI], and" the article of
Sardar Narotam Singh, Barrister-at- Law, Abbotabad, published
in the Khalsa Samiichiir, Amritsar, for August 1, 1940, and
59
60
61
What have 1 to say? This has been said in the Guru Granth
Sahib throughout. Man's is only to beg. The granter is
the Guru ...
.. . 1 am like a watchman (barwalaj. The raptiii (the village
watchman. a reporter) is not an important person ... Cheta Vadi
year 1931 [March, 1874] .. ,. (4)
... What I write is the order of the Guru. I am not the Guru.
I am like a raptiii (a village reporter, watchman). Whosoever
shall obey shall be happy ... Chetra Vadi 2, 1931 [March 5,
1874] ... (10)
...The order of the previous ones is also the same that AIIpowerful have been the Ten Gurus. I also proclaim their
commandments. I am not the Guru ... (5)
... Jwala Dei, you should be busy with meditation night and
day and lecite the Guru Granth Sahib always .... (17)
... 1 do not have anything of the Guruship in me, not even as
much as a hair .... (20)
.. .Do not write any letter to Dalip Singh. He h2s eaten beef.
What can he do for us ? Apply to th'e Guru. Why apply to
anyone else ?
... If I had any (hidden) power, why should I myself have
been put in prison .... All powers are in the divine Name and in
the Guru. So meditate on Him. The Guru of Gurus is the Guru
Granth Siihib. Wherever anyone will recognize the Word-Guru,
there shall come all goodness. Know this to be true (18)
... 1 have no desire to become Guru, nor I am the Guru. I am
only a Hukmi-banda (an obeying man). People have unnecessarily raised opposition to me .... (21)
. .. 1 am not the Guru. I am like a raptiii (a village watchman) .
.. . Again and again pray to the Guru: "0 Guru, have your
command obeyed which you have recorded in the Guru Granth
Stihi~." (p. 25)
... See the ways of the Lord Creator and what he brings about .
... The Guru Granth Sahib . alone is to be recognized as the
visible body of the Gurus. 'The Sikh who wishes to meet me
(says Guru Gobind Singh) should seek me therein'. The Guru
has also written: "The Word is the Guru, the Guru is the Word.
In the Word are all elixirs. Whatever the Word commands,
disciple should obey, and verily the Guru will emancipate
him." ... (46)
.. . 1 am not the Guru. I am only a dog at the gate of the
Guru. I also pray all the eight pahar (night and day) : "0 Guru,
I am under Thy protection. Save me from unbelief (be-mukhi).
Pray save me from faithlessness and self-conceitedness (be-sidqi,
62
12.
63
64
65
66
to quietly remove it from the stable when the Sikhs were all
coIl ected in a mournful mood at the cremation place.
But Bhai Kahan Singh, the writer of the artic~e, was
not himself convinced of the truthfulness of the belief of the
nikat-varti people of Baba Ajapal Singh. After referring to
a couple of conjectures of the nikat-vartis, he says: "I have
not formed any conclusive opinion on this subject." This
clearly means that he was in doubt about the correctness of
the story. That is why he mentions the remaining part of
the story with a big 'If', saying: I give a summary of the
account as noted down from my father's narration, without
entering into its refutation or support--khandan mandan."
[Phulwari, April 1927, p. 461.] Not only this. According to
Bhai Kahan Singh, the story of Baba Ajapal Singh's alleged
stay at Jind and Patiala is also unsubstantiated and unacceptable as there is no evidence or tonvincting proof available to
support it-1.{o ~E1 ft!~ rEl~T ~"81 ~lH? ~Hle fER ~1 'jEe1 <1"81 0<11'
fH<I~l-[Phulwari, April 1927, p. 462.]
Bhai Kahan Singh's own belief in this respect is also
available to us in his Gurmat Sudhakar published in 1912
wherein he says that Baba Ajapal Singh had received Amrit,
the baptism of a Singh, from Guru Gobind Singh and had
spent greater part of his life living with him - ~T'aT ))It!l1.{~
f'BUI fit?;; {5 O1<1aJ11<o H~l}n 3' lli'-fH3 '5f011l11 ))j3 @HCl ~1 ~aT fDRT \l'aH f\.r31
u
- ol~ (lfu a f~3111lT I [Kala vii-29, p. 217,Appendix XIV (b).]
From the statements of Bhai Kahan Singh, it is clear
that Baba Ajapal Singh could not have been Guru Gobind
Singh himself.
14. NEO-GURUSHIP DOCTRINE UNTENABLE
67
68
69
70
15.
71
72
>;fTCf
;:T<:ST >;fFfT
ora
oTt(
-=...
~mf
?; >;fTCf
e BRT BT D
B~fE>;fT
DI
73
if~
~B ya~
oro
-::;
~
..
;:r1
B1
al~
()T
qro ~a11
~a t[;:R;
==
'iii!
~B
tITO
ora
-=
aTtf
...
qaTfEl;fT
~ I
8-9.]
74
' 75
76
77
78
79
APPENDIX I
crfu33THT, ~1 i>B BTC5, 9Et:4-9.99:( (;1,
~~
111 ora
-=
i!~
f~
~
~Ol
ore
~
APPENDIX II
gICJ HsT, 0l~1 Rorllf3, CDEI:: fa., '1.9'1.9 (;1,
l.J.OlTH3 tf;:rra1 ~01?dfRC1, l.J'fclW(:3T, HO 9t:E.9 (;T.
111
[tfor q :(.9-:(1:: ]
HO aB CiH DlfCJ ~01 Rf3~a fR~ f~ '81f(; 1
tltl
FcfR
>HH
OluT
c1
~ij 1
/I
797 "
80
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCC)!:SSION
~?i lfTf~
saw
OT~l
THEORIES
010 Ul-oT I
Ha -&
);fOQ"
/I 33 /I 798 "
~;:ro'
~o qcrl
3l~1
HH
fFfUf
ftfTo I
~~g. ;:rl otT:63 -qul '>;(3 Ofl aro II 34
Bfo R~H fmn1 ore llif3 sf~ Wi ~f~ I
Ho Ofl Hn ~l H ~1 ~51 W3 0 -&f~ II 35
;::p(jf
/I 799 /I
/I 800 "
R~till
/I 801 "
~mr'
ft
~....
.!i:It, .
/I 802 /I
~t.rel
Bq fB~ qroo
CfTC?HT
fTfB
Hii l;U ~
8 ~1 Ba
8C!o
H 1{<JlTR' II 42
/I 807
II
/I 808
II
81
APPENDIX III
ora
F1Tf~~
-=
tH~ l..fT3BT~
;':lf3 HH~~ BT
tfFraT
...
~E-~.?]
[tii
3~ fl1l::fg
~ glf .{Tlf
3 lJOtJ
3' UTij ~
tl
I f3~
APPENDIX IV
tfCfBl>(ft H~ tTH, Bl:fciI" R~r BTI1 tBTFfl, ~0fTB0/' 9181 f~TdT,
tftf~, t.rfc>,.frw, ~tE~.
[tf3
~t~-~t~]
.
~ 0dT0
9T orfu ~8T~ (Jf(J I ~o~ BI1 ~ I tf~ t<.JT qrg tfltfrf~ ~~ 3tJ
~0!1:! ~l1iT 9~1 (JH ~T(JT (Jl ROTa im~r ~ I fw
0dT0 J-Kl'T
lJol3 U031 ~ I ~T -&<.JT 30r fw OdTa iif~ ~T3T ~ I ~l(JT
82
ij I feR
l.fflA
..
"3 fN
;;::
W ffiI~ CfTHR
acrrfo~ II 10 II
iilW
APPENDIX V
UT3BT~l ~, ,&f~ Hfur, 9.tot fa., 9..?Ll9. ~l
l{C0B ti;:rral ~1~AC1, UfcrBT, 'ltEt ~1.
qJafap')TR
[U"oT ~t9.1
-eva'
"D- w# qro! WP>f, fRCfo '&
'&
f~trcJ
ff~ I
t"lJJTB II 34 II 60 II
[Ui
~t~-t8]
CfflBOT
A~~ R~
~CfT ~Cfl
_~
fi51:fT<Jl, ll;:rT
83
84
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION
THEORIES
H fotr al] W m-r "& ('iT<Jl I lCm FfJ qrer oroO/' l}fTtJl I
lf~
Rl. . . oro
: ;:
-. OTOO/' B?T I alS T aB ROlf
= 0 ~?T II 94 II
~ erTHeiR 0'3' 'Htif I >l-fTOltifT crcrl 1TlL qrer Rtfl I
BR .f~ "W-fI~ ;:PO I qHol ~B 5f-e ~ 1..ffi"OTo II 95 II
BR .f~TO QTlf3' <J trif<J I O/'
lffo
- B of<J lfQT-ZOlT
..
- 3'Tf<J I
{flfo>lfTEl O/'T of<J l>fa We;' I f3'BO/' 0 B~f<JOl fem ~TB II 96 II
FfOtI B fJarf3' (:fTBR HT(') I F[T .ffR~3' aiB H 'fPo I
~ ~fB mR' W ~lf I ;:j Hr5 R fAW 1Cilf II 97 II
BORO oro
- W ~ R~TO I RT cii~ trl RTfu-~ }/To I
B- >}fT~ 3'T"& tifT wor I" B >}fTB qrer BRH BtrT(')T II 98 II
Bo ~ O/'U-T~~ fE'f3'<J1H I "tm 1TfB Hf3'qrer ~ lfTR t
3'a llfo .fTlf ~ ~ BOlT I 'OR l.lt~ (ffil~er B >1farr II 99 II
B ~ 3 Tfu- >}f0lf 0/'1 ~o I 1{BCfo O/'eE HO
I
C/'UT, "'Hf~ ~ O/'lor we] I lfTO" ~ CTfc1"& Bl:f lfTB II .100 II
W m-r >i{er "&E'l qrcr ('iT<Jl I fao T "cpo ffiI WO/' ~1<J1- I
tfBflf oT~ ~ 5fB lflR I 3'Bflf 0 ~T5 }/T03' 3 TR II 101 II
>ii~ er~ ~ :
+
-..
aaro
II
[tfi :(te-t.?]
lJoa errg H BBo B qO, fRCf BerroT ~T fHB 1T~ I
lfTB ffiJll R ~o "& 1f3, BBo c; fBO/' io U'CfTB I
3<J erl l{?Toarl >}flt[ BE'l, 1f3R crcr fRei ftr3 TB aoTB I
>}fllf ROTo ~ R<J ~o, ~HOl ~H lfi lff<Ja1B II 55 II 124 II
i:'t!
0lc:50l1 fffiW l/C ~ ~3, R~ fa<J~j1 I
Riu ~lJO 0/').fCf Rer U'O, wa WfB fa'3T~T I
3 TRH HtrBR oTfE' ~l, erer ;:j~ fJarf3 Rf<J ~ I
3T RH 3"0 f~rar ~ trrf<J i1 t[ Vcr3 qro O"B I
w ~f3 Rarf3 "& fEl~B vcr
~T I
ao
IiCm
~rOlfd ~t!
It!~R
Aij f\B H
"il ~ 0
}fa,
mf~l I
dfu C('TH
H fFJ"Uf
fOt!TH C('1(1)1,
Wtf f~or ~
t=lr5
tI"Tt, R<Jl
1..!!o ~~'
" 57 1/ 126 II
(1)ul;mor;:ror lfij I
o~ C('TE ~ RTH
H 11lf~
"Frill
dTf~
85
ci HTorlf
3a- I
~~ ~~ I
II 58 II 127 II
~;:roT
~C('
Fh1 liif3
criJ
II
orr,
c500 H
ci, f~H
C('~ ~,~B
~}{o }{Tf~ I
~ ~Tf~ /I 6211 131 /I
-e\rel
3~ ~Bo tifT s if3
liiW~ I Bl:I"Hol
ci
~TC('
Bm I
R HTo
~H C('~T I
86
3T cl'1 ~i5T Hs <1IO 1:!a , tiF tio fOffilT ~ Hs ~ij " 136 "
(iff ftlfo !:fJ farr~ fHo otifTE1, CRf fOETH l{H '13 WEl ,
BT}f >l-ii3' ~ ;:{ CIEl'al, Hrc5 'lE'1 oll:f ~ l'liTtfl" 137 "
[tm :(t:t:-t:t]
fEu s1f3 ~ I1 aic3 ~ l'liB, aq l:!Ol so IFJCI I1 ffirl ,
H?l ;:rTH I1 CIT3 OTEl ftlfo tifTfv '1, ~TfvqJ~ ljl::f tfT1:!~aul ,
oW 11~ aH '& H9 qTl.l3, fH"UI sE >;ff3 l'lirqCI 3vl'
fRUi ~To;:r ~ qrg Bt:(, 3 Tfv ~ >;fm?i B~ ~v1 " 64 1\ 140 "
ar<JO
tcm
ao
II
ere
if WO
~lCI3 RoT
" 67 II 143 II
Bl::f
l1t1 orul ,
fFit:( B1<:11 ,
Hfu fliE ~ lffTU l:! Wi) OT-R, O1uti ~ RBu ofu R01 m-R I
H }lif3' 3 c1 ~'21, fB3' 3~rill, 1d* {l'OH c1 uro ofu ()TH Blil I
f.ilfu g1.( R~T 01~ ~ ur~, >lfR 310 u1 ~ar ~ aTq aroll"
UdH R'T 5 ~ alt!' ~tfJll';fT 011, Mur BfI~ R~T 01a- l:!Cf liTo1
II 69 II 145 II
APPENDIX VI
fu:Jr~
oT}-fT,
R'O <t.9.9t
'21.
-e~t.re1 I
mw
fB
fI~
l-I%
qo ~
t1l:!H ~ CfB
-
flliT
~g3T
fB3'l
a1.(d~ru tratBlf1
our
~fE tfTH ~
arEl
3i
~ ~ CfTBR'T
l18
CfTF.ifJT ~
01f11R' I
I
II (649)
l!g
f1.(l';fTO iltr ~ ~ t? ~ I
l';fTfdTl';fT ole flTfua ~1 O1CJ(')l fI~ ~1 ~ II (651)
~ fRCf fR'Cfl ~ O1OH 01HTR1 I
R qrg m1dCJl f~ ~w 1.(TfJll
l';fT~fI f~ qoor
88
fuor {Tu3
B W;it))fT fl1Cf
tru"Tg lJ{T(5
(652)
~o ldsB 05 I
ore I
orf8 fRR~Tg
f~fEjT
11 .. (654)
~tRi
oltf
' fcrrjT
(221) ...
R~ ~B
33 I
j~ f30 ~ jTRo qrg ~ ;:r1 ~o ~ E I (300) ...
oYCl'
... ~ ~<:I
- Ri3"
- ~fo ;:rr3' I f~ oTcr
.... crra
-= ~o OT Hr3l)j'3 -R ~ qrg '3 l:f'l ~ijr I
-R 8~T (]31 RS 1lS'
3T ~<:I
~ ~ijill I
(307)
APPENDIX VII
Hf~HT tt-a-TB, Rgtl tTR iw, -grcrr ~;:rT, RHTl.f3 RH3
Qt4'!) fH31
[li'i5 tt=<-t:3 J
jTl.f
ct {Ttl 3
CfroT ~T
89
~ c~ l16 ~~
ore
mr
~UCJT
APPENDIX VIll
fAUf FIrma,
fq))f'fB 14 I
R~'GI"
ore,
fRQTfCJ@ I
II
90
fRtf ~o
era
f~.
.~~ i~ ~1 03
R~
M ~B fl1~ qJO
qal
fHe;)
3.
l:flBH ~
);flU
})fBTf~ II 108 II
~@
3B
W~ ~f8ti
ftrn
3-
~tr3 lJ fu ~ ~
Rt fH'8"
/I
R~'
~ ~1r ~
111 qro
il
APPENDIX IX
fal}fTfo cfTotTo
CifoTH3
fowfo ~t:!1})1t,
R3 fRW
BOB1, HE11865 81
[tm ~8-~LlJ
ur3Br~l
'ii~ fur
WaHl
(~q) ~~
6LlI
wfmi
II
G taH l~ aj.l.lQ ~
G,ll:!.2 tJ~
1/ OZ II '"
gJl]
[hb
II L 1 II ilit<Q
l.2J1J
'&.e.e
[tb &Jl]
II s 1I"',t~ ~ffi- ~E .t! I f~ .t.C,.~I~E! ~ ta .tC #~
le,lj I 2G ~g fue l:!L! !f. Mlili G Ji~~ l~ le .L.C ~J ~hJ
[bb
l.2JlJ
1/ 01 II
ill!g1J !f.
f~ ~~H l~
~ ~ .,t~ ~ ~ ,Ij f~ ~j ~ fE ~ Ie
II
v II
e-l.2h.e
l.l ~ G ~ ...
]:4 12Jl]
[~-h g[l.]
~
2~Rlk<I::!J
.t5X!J
?k< l2i!jthl:;l
x XION3:ddV
.Gg 1j Ll:!aJ J:!!:t g~ gRHj .GjH ~l:!J ~
I ~ l12 ~r.e. .2J.en ~J1H L.I t:i!.e. le
,en~
:lk<aJ!He.~
J6
n~nD
92
~F~
(lior Bt]
... H ClJg OJl A 3f {flg B t'o W ~a-a Jt H EJl W<5 tffJo ~~
~031 qat'T ut ";:j jJ {flg trl 301 Boo JT ~l:ftfl t'l1 ocr crel", ~
fRt'a-l H?ierl "3 ocr gel >rfoT.;:r Olg trl ~ 9T~ I ~fRt'~l feR t'T
or~ ~ ";:j <!Ig ;:rl ?) crnor ~r ~ R ('jT ~ I . .. HH3 1937
JT~ ~1 1 II
93
[tfoT ll~]
3FW
010'
-=. ;:Jl B ~W ~B
fuwo qoOT
~ l{3l::f 11 57 "
(tfi'5T
481
FfJ illg
ala
f~AfCf3 ~ ~a ora
-; ~~l
[tfoT 4t]
~a ~ >lia'BrA fc:5'i.1 3f ~<]3T
APPNEDIX XI
i]"Efl
(flo
[tinr
.908 ]
f~BlP.
al,
~3 fuo3T OfloT
"HQ
~oo ~ qa~~l
II 5 I'
tIllra"
,,7 II
3 T OfT
"8,,
~'
"9"
H (Jd'
OB
aBo
}fa RJ-W
HO 'Gf(J Atl'1
aBOT II
gtl f~OfTBfA tfBo T II 11 II
ROfT A"3 ~a
qarel qlaQdT~13tr(Jl
II 12 II
94
[FJT!;fT lj '1 ]
UB
1/
6 II
II 30 II
II
~~
"32
};fW
HTf~ ~~
fm'q ~~
G8" }!l3
"31 II
II
95
R BcrR
C!!"S
C!!~ 011:1 I
tre
II 12
II
[tfor
~t:;! ,
R3CJT
tIOHT01'l -&
R~
tr1:l I ~ifUC!!~
R(i3ij ~
tiro
'l9-'lt]
He
~ 010
B:IT ~
-= HrfVij ofv or R~ -3 Be tic Wu O1HT3T i>
:::
310 BW ~ fBt1Tf~ f-e3 T I;Il::fH >H~ >riB vl R ER ~"3 ;'lo
Bo~ 010-l{F.i OlE' ;::/Blilftl trCffU ~ HF.iH tfel 01031 Blvl tlo
~ flTfVEl ~ f~F.iTtr oroor er~ ~ lB01 ttre Bl iwol 010 F.i~1 I
.fRl:fT it ))fOjj oro3 tIO f~01 OTF.iTtifo titr lrR QI~ afer RrfJEI ~
CJl:f ~ OHROlTO oro fB'31 -3 HoEl l:fTF.iFf 1.{f3 ~WtifT -&- >HHl >HtrO,
i>::,;
(,I
96
RBT
are
'E{TU ~ ~<J RH01' ~Broc: O1'T3'T I l}{TdTW ~ET }){01'TC5 O1'T 3'~ BC5~
lie
I RCI fH1:fO ~ ~
~ dTo
)-fT(,)TB-=
art:!
...
I f~ <J01'H
}){~
-
~0<5 BI q'~TEI
f~3'f
for
art:!
C(O
F.!R30 ClH3'O FltfT, }){oBTHT Rtf 01'0, -8C1I l::!RTG'OT tfri ~rB eT
3'Ot 3WCf (J~,
ri
C5T.~T
"3
O1'Of3' ~ ~eo
Ho c1
B-B ~ I fiJ~,
~T<JO Cf o~ I
Ho
I ~q feo ~t B ~01'H ~ Of
APPEND IX XIII
[tii')t
q q]
<i1fu'B
0 13
cttSE faC(Hl,
... Ro ct9to El
97
~l
qra 1{~8'1.
[uor 'IE].
CI~l
'R'-qr',
ClTHfCll'ifT~,
[tr''oT
'1t~~
43 II
44 II
'1=<0]
II
[t["i5
q~B-~4]
u;:r~t
tl3
1;fTC5'RT tfu I oro
erTfww Rl... arCi
oTcr II 53
- ..
-=
- ::: ...
/I
1/
. ..
-:~e
lcE.E
L2~
~lj
l~ ~ La ~~. ~L.Q2
I:!~ HEJ
'2.f:{
~E21h
tC
lEn
( b
.
'J1lE
&.2.
Eft<)
gEh
BHJ~J.<.<
-El
.I:!l~J.aJ
116JJ J:;<!J!g~
" ~Lll2B E.l?H ~~2 ~ 13} lE ~ 2aJ La u~.a HIH 2.2 LELEI3J RE.13
II ~(l1lH
118 II
Gt.ee Jk<lH H& l}lE 2 .l2J l?Ja ~~ E.21h 3]l21h.e.e R!3 lgt .2k<
JJ GtI~.n E.g ela ~lE.Bj 1l.Ha hll E.n l.6RJ tE .2a~ tl:!Ft ~ ~lR ~ ?
II G tE.E 1?E. HD .2} .eE. HlaE.l<t .eE. aj~ t~ ~ ~ l?JIH 112 QIQ.
II
?B
Hll:! l!3 g ~ ~J
?Ie
2Je.
[r:~
''La IPS1 2.!:! "~J 8061 EHJ? 'm.,Hj 131Rih
II 8S " He. .B H12 gE ~~
i glH l}lQjl} lE
II
LS II .!:!J?1?2.j lale
~ill EqJ1?
~~
L.2J1 J
L.2.E '~EH1~
H-
.ela I
I:!~ l~!:i
ililXIR awh
86
99
3' ~
ih=r fRW,
'
[ti'('lT :3to-t"!]
>ii'~ ~ -[0"3 >rITHT -eT ?TO t!! 011030 ~1 Rtf ~r,
R'S"
..
fu>
~ 'ijf~l;fT qat!! I
UlQ OI~
c%ora
\JRTt flU
:-"a l;forT'B U~
-
:3t~J
...it
[tfor
B >i3 fw
~IJ
a >rIHB
(>liar
OI~ at Ola
fFfur iiI ~
-:
~)
100
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION
THEORIES
~t
-..
\ J ' : ; - _
U,
orR
[tfor
~'19, ~
~t=ll ~TQ,
RO 1912 E1.
ic :<e]
3J:f3 ~~
3Cf3
101
H. q)
OTtrTH ~~ ftr 3J:I3 ETtifor ~Bl
[troT
~qt]
( Bt q) Ol~
oJ:el
RTf~
qrawit ~ ~wo au
oTtJ RrfutJ -i; ora ut?l m
;::...
- RH
trU3 ~Bl~, trt! orEorlqo i3'TH1?) il3l il3 RHT~ ?B fHl:iT ~
Eu m:J"O 60HTtiff, for-".ftr 3 >rIT1.J~T ~ "qr~ oJ:el RTf~" tr~"OT I
:;;
-;::
[tfor Bqq]
aTd'
-= 611:1
...
>rISfHorQ~T
...
wf<JS
3 Rfuorot
B>rIlCJT
-...UQIC <JBl
(l~T
BT
Rd1U
....
oT(l
orE 'ora'
>rIT&~
. .wfmr
..
-= AiR RH3 1765 3 ~T
<Jf~T, ftrR?B >rIfaB'E 0010 ~ cftrtfB fRUl trl~ Olg3TfRl::f
l:IoH B l;fTl:jTCf gU a!.(l ~ R3T I
[~c
ic]
1.
~3 'Hor fBu l{E"O orBT oraB u"o for ~ ~~l ~l~ ~ ftffi
102
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION
THEORIES
~ l.ff~
tit orel ~T ~ll11T ffi') I tJO i=l &e1 '81 ~l;f BFlHH B
;:tf3 l1H~ ?"5 ~tJFJf(E Ml~ r:r1, ~ orI q]~3 r I11Otfo f~
&el fB0I3 ~ r:rqBl r:rl ? C?1 ~ ~fo f~Bo fl1f~~ B ~31 irf3
~e r:rH~ q]~ 3CIT ~~~ fFf~~ fBBl Htjtr ffi')? qwo >Y.3
?TGl til~r ~3T >Hatl1 tiT 1Tcirt!1 ~ I
[ti'or 8'1e]
~31
ore
~
-eoFfTfe
II
II
-::;:
[trOT
Ro~
8'1.9]
q]~
ffiJ
ago
Hf3CJTij
()T()q
-=
~r:r
oraT
tJ9
.. -
mfi aore
f3'o CJTO
II
-= ...
oTHf~ tiftJ f~tJ3~ II
APPENDIX
~a t.I~3"5
1928, tfoT '1.
CIT~ lJtrrtl
Bl
CTcJ feq
~ I
qTl.fl ?;
~
xv
ar fEtTWr:r
~~B ~ feq
~or ~~ FfBTH3;j~
frcrrlo
3R~1a
~T ~C?H fB3'T
feR
~lij f~
oroo
18 GO~1.
W.
? .I:! ~t.EE. ~
12gJ<t
W 'lH 1~.eJ ~
~~ .Hh.I:!J2J~J ~
I lH @J.e la~
,tt
!.E..Ua +f!aj~
2J2.eJ2~J l~JR2& ?kt 2l:{ .eEft ~~ ~ lilljili ~laili !t- 'li! ll:! a!f
l.et~ EJ.ee a~jlH ~ g.t< ~ ~aj I lH h.l}tt tEti!.E2 RI2. ll:! ~i
lEh.g
~ +k<l2J~ lC
g lC~ Et.E.eh
l~liI<
.fig. J2j
fu.'4. ~h&
.g +RHJ
l~J..e..iI< ~ ~
~?.tl3.it
'g
Hlh
G Ik<Rj~
~ ll:! i!f}
t<2J?
~.eE IH.eE.eh
2Bl2J EI.e.E
!.i!
tl~.L2ill.eB ~
Lc lJ.ee Ih.eB lC +~
Ll:! ~jlH ~laili
+E.E
gt<
gt<
Effie t.ee
?~ ~
~tt ~
Ll:! H.nH
h~l:!
.e~1:!
l:!e I
Effie
a~JIH
,tall:!
~!:;t
.tt
t
[4b-hb
I
g t1:! lnJ:U
2~H Effie
lAX XIGN3dd,V
EOt
aaaNV~ ~v H~va:a
S,HONIS aNl!IOO
gJ1]
muw
104
~i
~t
fuot
f~ ~1
Bl OTHlJTCJl ROB ~,
S~~ >'fa fw lWl:R B fCiT H~ RIEr RTftm Bl H3TO f~~ o~l,
HCJT ~~ I1IliTOB q13T # R~l 1If~ aBl RrfmrtrfBlIft BT ~R trB
~BT ~ I a<13 RT~ t8'8 3 Ci~ "Qt./B Hal ~e q131 Bfow B
fq()Ta alCR: ~BOf ife~t OT5 qlCJ30 qat} Hi? ~ 3C( ~
it
111li~1 3f~m f~ ~T ij
-I~"
19 GCJ?a'l -J 935
2
8.3.1935
q~
105
f~QT 8l:ft
liar
10.3.1935 e1R?1
3
FlH~ 3~ w~l"
50 fBl:f1 fool 1:W ;:J ~rel ~TBq fFrUl;:r1 '8" l}ll~ f3H
FlH~ ~l RrfiJ~ t!'1 R? T f~ m;:r?Tel Fll t.fTOq ;:ro [ fFlB1l}l3 ]
~H oro
c%c:IIT
., (?
R] Rf3qJg: 1.{RTft!'
106
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION
THEORIES
'uar
~T ~HOl & ~a f~ I:!l::f
~tf
Be
~er
qtro
FfBT
3ii
~o I
R~tfl
910 II
HC2}f ~~ ~ qRT
3f al ~~ ~ al ~RT
RJ-/TtITo
>H'T~T ~ >H'H~
53
>H'Ttf BT ~El~}f ~l
ftI3 ~3T 3C~ ~ I
~~
RitifT
~er
~031
illfCfl
l]?>
m-Icrr f~
~l
tITt]
~Fl1cf
a~
qHa tfar
>H'Ttf fatFo
ml f~3 H'
f~OtfT ~Te;:H I
>H'T?~ ~
tr~
~~
qHa
tfOT
s~8"
qH
~3
RooT
ftr>1 o qH cr ~R ijo
$iT BB tr&o Wfu3 ~
T
IttT
>H'CfBTFf
fcn=rl
~o
3~
BerRO
[fEU
ftJ~ 05" I
Hum
fC?if-uler T fiB]
m? ~
ore
107
3c ftlo11:[o
Hvli5" ?U10[
BClHl B?l
>;fHriJ
fHCfT
"3
oTHual~T
3"
qra
~~1 ~ . I
lIo iicJ BT?i~T lIT~OTl 3" Bffirrl for OTHuT01 FrllOBT ~ arol H<JTO'tr
~TaT oTH fHllI ;:rl Bl WB1 wf<:l"a ?TH3 CjJo 9T?OT Hl 1
fHCf3H BTHo BYH oTH fl:f~
'3
oroO[ B em ~
1
1
fFrU(
HCJO(TCJ ~ m-~
oTB ~ ~ ~o 1 qHT OTH
3Rl
f~OT
BY frBaH3 olt
u
fB<J" aR
BqT
-
108
APPENDIX XVII
licJtTO ()~3H fRut tft, afaHca, ~acraTB, ~
l:fTC5RT ffifTBTo, ,.,.j'-f~Ro, 21 HUl'o 1997 fa. , BRaCT 5, R. 1940, ~l
Bcr
I
l1!HTo
I ~J.!:f~~g.!:fJ~f:.aj&
?ffi IH.!:f ~illUt.g L16l 21j tl:! .!:fIC 23Jle& .Effie. .eh 'JUtl:!~
.eh +a.l!l ~lUt gt!f:. ~ tt! 1n1i!J setE talE. ~ R.e M .g H1UtRj
~aj ~h!U< ? 2a.1l:! gcj J~ ~ ~fi3J Elfuf:. i! 2a.t.l: i! tt!
S~l.!:f ,t3!.!:f ~J t.!:f f:.J.E! t~ tc t.l: .!:lIC 23jle& ~
I .t.E!~h .tf:.2 .!:!hIa. ~ +.eg Effie.
~E t!k< ~ ~ ~ .ta.ffit< .tuh tt! .!:flf! ~BBj ElEE. t.l: ffiJ:lJ h!Eh
l:!1.elf:.H ~l~ 1.E! (EE1:lh tfua..efi RH~) ~.!:ffi .!:l3J
I jEtE hlUt g t.!:f .!:flf! ~J Ell?e. s.& .g lEL~
+k<Hjla. t.l)JH.2~ tl:!.E!l} .etHH< E.lQE. S'& 'lUt 3Jl.2.e~ g tl:! ffiJ:lJ
seLE tale. s.& ("'do; I~E~ IC ~.!:ffi LE.!:fa .!:faj I 2f:. ~lHt!l.e13J
g .!:li.C 21.2ffie. EJiH .eh g~ .!:fl:!J '?IUt ~ .?- g~ {! .efi R~
~h tEHa ~j B.a.j gHJ.H.!:fj ~J .g ~~ .g It! .!:fla 2ajl.e&
ElEE. ?Hj {t Eful:l.ea t21l1k< ~ lUtt!j~ .eh !a.lB t~ ~~ .efiH~
,la~ 'g.t!f:.' ~2ftt l'~R 2~ .l:B gQ.a. E+RIl? g ~2tt! {! i..I: Sl?jlH
.laili ~ L.!:fla.2J l.l)J.Ha.~ tl:! Inu.!:fJ a.etE talE. Ste~ e. 9I -!; I6l
2.!:f f!2J tffia.J!J l2h!l g It! .!:flf! 2aJ1e& ElEE.
I G 2lH
GaGNVN
.~V ll~vaG
~~ !:faj 'g
gl::i2.
l~ .la+!:f, Ej ~ ~j.l:1 .. I ~ ~
La
l~ PiPPj.l:1" I
~ ~ la
SI:Jili .lB!!:f
l~ ,l.E.2."ha,.g
L~ ,lE212a,
! 'g ~
EE.I:1h
lag lfllij la l~ i::ha 2fmj EUlli ~tlLl JE.J.I:1 EPB!a EE.I:1h lfrE.
~) PS61 .EH.I;,{ Eaj ~~J &L?BJ '~J EE.I:1h EflliJ E.tlL; ~ lll~!:f
2.2.l~ e. l~ lnu!:fJ.l!?HJB ~.1:1 (Ii
.~J .? ~ ~ 'tI:1.!k<AjHj
t<
lnW
(Ii"
.EH!B pfpPJI:1
-:g JMljHj
~aJ MJ
2g
g EH
~h
.? ~J
hIli< t:
&D g
ti
l~ ~jili .l3J.I:1
f!.2.J
laH.EE.I:1h l:1aj"
:g
~~
t: ~g
2aj !:fa
l:!J1
IQ a~
V a &l~ .El2e
E.J.EI:1a f. l.l~ l.l h.[;jJ.I:1 {aJ.I:1
EaJ. f!..2.J +2H:J 'G la.2.~ E..EE.J Je E.J.E/:ja
Eaj
ll1 ! l2B.J
f. J.l!?Eh !
H.I:1k<
B8
g 66(
01 [
III
iltS t:ll B ~H "&~H BoF.l<5 crcJo Hel );fT~ Dt,' FJTel" 'Rl ~ f(ft
itil3OTl ()lH R<JT fCl fI)-KJlCPtJ H~ 3 i qiil" ;:rDT >rrBH1 F.lCJI~t ~ee
?THT ClHTH Dt, HoT ~o ClO "& l)f1tS Cl1 0I-a(jJ I iflf 3T i(jJ Dl1.!CJl
1;100 ~, '1e ~~?il, l{0IC 5~ I ... );fTtS FJTtftlT3 f3-aCITCJ B1 #f3 5 t
tS"oT 18-19 'FfTer t:ll B~ F.ltf3 ~
iro31 01131 qr~ t:l1 fOlDT, Hrel~ '11iTtS 3 t ~CJ1OT1 5, f~B~TO i3'
1;!CJo l{oF.l 5, ~D~ ~ ~1 st:lo B1 B;J' D1 OD1? RTer t:l1 ~ ti't:l'
#;J' ~ ~031 Cl131 ... -Blo BWH qro ~ BR( ~T foR3 To T Clij I feD
~Bo Be ~
W?T
8]
);fTtSel fHl:fl 1.dR3C1 B ilJlO' tSo feD 1.dR3C1 'BOI'..O'~31' '11 ~ fHl:f1
~, feR B~l frn f~B # # oYHt -ea'1 ~o B~R3 3- RB1iT 5eOT1it,
t BT RErq H1 FfTe1~ iiI Rrf~ 3 TH ~ ODl 3 t ?ot
l:fTH crcJ~ ft13u
' "
,
- u
BT i:i3CJT feR 30T fCl~ fHtlBY 3- ift:I"Dl ~ F[l HTo aTar
l{3 TtS fAW iiI ~ fCl~~ B~BT I
~f~C!!il iil Bl feltS T oTH SaT3 faBO BTH '11 iijOT l}i'3'
RHT).f3, ~Tf~qr~ ()l).f ~ fRHOO f~-g ii WD'CJ O'fD ~ RHT a313
crcJ
0'5 Do
);fTtS ~ DO
~e1
mw
fel>i T 3' cr~ l}i'TtS Cl13 T, if arar l{31t( rAw;:rl l}i'TtS tSlR~ tr.:l'0 f~
Hat "& -g
tSo l>i't:I 3C1 ~TtlHl ODi' Cl13T :3 frn fHl:f31 ?31-a
f?B fClu-a ?l s Tel Rlf~ l:jTHOr fRui '11 B RT~l RTfiJl:J ii1 ~ oTH
ore,
11 2
wf<re tiT ?8" 11[(% t.f3CJ '3' tieT~, fi:n:r BT ?iCffi ('iTHuroT RtiC
ereT ~TO ffi!T3 tiT1..(TR~ B OTi! <:To I
"81::(0[ tiTCtT ~ fO( ?CJ3}fTo RHT fw fti<JT>JfTf~ ~;ro
BT o<:rl, trd f~ fECI' fe36lo1 BT orE ~ fO( ~~03T tiT BT
fEfCl>Jf Tfef3<JTR reot fBOT f?B <IT"81::(O[ BT foorrj~ C%fw>JfT-3
SOJ3 faBo BTR tit f~ f;:roT BT >JfT~ feR ~0(3 87-88 Rrc? BT
~, fef3<JTR f?B ~"8CfT o(! BT ~ ~, feR ereT f~ "8C1 fef3<JTR
'If;:rT Rtl'(!T BT ~T~, if RtiC B~c ~c <IT 9'C1T3 faBo BTR tiT
lfrR~ )oWlf ~T 3R'8T 0(0 ~ <:To I
~-o~H fi:ftij &oRca
[f~W 30( fe<I "8l:f 9 >ifOTR3 9t80 ~ 'CfTB'W RHTBTQ'
f~B it Glftl>Jf T<1few ~ I]
II
WB"0(
fR"ur
lff<Jffi
ll-lOTR3 1940 ~ Gl'flf>JfT, ~ f~'B feO( >JfRET u"300(T BT fuO(O ~ if
FfHTo 9fe1 Rlf<I~ ~ fAw tiT ~ l1.1t-rTo RTel Rrftm tiT ~E
~~ 3~ OT?Efum ~tiT I feR f'BoT BTa3 9ClT3 <:TToT i>tr tiT R1-J30
rD fFel wfu~ tiT J)jTlfCT <J<ll Fro 1880 -e ~~ ~ f~ Bct f~
ft!~ fti'O(O m <Io :"fECI' >JfdBTR 9feT wf~ tiT BT >JfRE ~ ~ HUfO fuo
18 00 J 919 ;:ra ~3 (-e<Ji3) O(T ?0(3 W fECIT 3 fEl:fT <Je1
fO(RT <10 BT lot -e 'JO{H ('iTE I lfJ~ ~ lfo 3RBIO( BR3C!3
BTC?O( fFrur B3CjT 3 ro RBB fECfT ~ :" ~E ~fcB- ~Uo
~
OT()O( >JftT
OI'T3T fiftT ~ I
FJOI3T
B taRoT 3
B~ B~T I1R
113
114
AN EXAMINATION OF SUCCESSION
THEORIES
w-er
BW
~;$ ~~ \J('i I
(20-11-40)
[f~~ -a~lq -e1 'l.31f~l::f3 9013 ~~Ho fl:fUl ;ft ~ ~ 25 ;re1. 1935, ~~,
Appendix XVI, Yiq 3 e ~oi \l"jl)I 105-6 \10 f-e31 '5l!1 ~ I]
APPENDIX XVIII
Extracts Persian and Urdu Works
t 15
7#"
"" (f(,,,
"
,:;.,.. """""IIfIr-.tJ'irl,"'If'
/-
-"
r ,/(7 ";"JI
i~/''1;-'i-;; ~ ~(') ri ~C' Ii)';,:
/~(?,~,;;, O(I"fJJ'lf (-"(I:t:(rf(t';'~';J~ r~'1':'~('f
rfo. 'i'
(I'm7;,-'0,
.-.f","or:"'{.:i
1",("/7f/r',r'yI'''Y,:;t
~
('f'.7r....,)?~(-A"
"
..
~., of
C~71
.... '
, , '-:'
'iT
,;;.r(.1J1("t':JJ("."')'~;:;'~(/;f.~/2r~()'~;~r.;
r,.rY;:1I1~? (X~)
!'':.2~,;;;oJ''C'fr'?~~0(''((')I::~)1Z.~'~
~'ir"::',r,i1'/~;"~.rr~
.1.~'1
ffrl",Jy,..,pA) ';:0:'"
,., if"
~ /, ..#
~ ' .' -d;'
:
;r1
~v,~,.... (~ ltg
;':;;;',r,.yJF;f'"1'(::;;-';- l/)rJ!
.t;-1<,r1 r"'I'~t",:e.-,.. ;~~ (/ 1'(.Iqi"t'Y/~/j f'/(,r'l--:'
;..?
, f'-t"J'IJ('~~
-),;h;;'",::, ~.1"~I"~~tt't;:t,.n(!...f('
-.17." .~.
v qr:r
.Al'l" 1', "/, ("""'r;/,j;~
rJI,,..-y,-I'..~
{J n..-tJ 0/'.17,.., " (7~'
; './
. . . . , . . . . ..,
"
~ '/1"
-~'4 ....
I
.,.."I~
(~!~A )
.'.
'7
'
c{'r." 11 r
J ti (('I
,.
.f'~":;""~,
...- r:'~.r~1 ~~ 1/;)~" n,.(')
t'j
~~ ('/~f..~;"/Y~f'='/.c,!"j?.t1o//'jo~(,,':"00
fil'-~ 7:1(1./?if':'~~:=' 11.f' .~
I r( .r~.r1"('1'~ ", ...;:/"r.::'t':J"'Y' ,,;,..., r ( ...:.;..,~
~
J. ... ;;
..-P - !J,,J."."
-:/~ .
1((1 (
(!!A)
(!A)
..i;''''~~
~(rl1~r, r;r!n~rJ'':I(((f?I!!!:,
~.
,.."
"r . .. ::t'
/'
1"
"'I~
(A)
IV'
Ir,..,f'cjJ r)f'fi.tf7r(.1r'--:,'
A'r;J,I"('''r~~
,
~
~ .
.p'n1r,~5J::r~f~~ai ~!'~
., .'
. ..
IE"'=';/,'('I'~ C'r){".r"'#VI'~,,? <;) "1'",.J1 (C:~
S3nr03H~
1"
911
;,,?!-:r'-:y-~"rJJ
;,.~~~: r7!!
""/I"~' ;Y?';!.Y-\,:'
~y. ~ . ,
I
~tr r r ?;r;: ~
(~/r,o,t?r~ (r(1....-o(,
t"~ ",., .
r~ ~ /~{'6,r-i=!'
)(J"),y~~kt<-'J
./
.;'.
,:.~
~_:
?;,rp IfJj,r'jC' r,,:p
"
~_ i('rf~J'.,.(.~
(!!~x)
,lUI"';)
/'
: I--rr .. ..1:1r."
. Jt'/rr"~ ';';:'0'",
"'-r'thf'I~r?
/;~
~
~. ~ J
~
.....;:;
?'J1'..1)f'"
~.
--
i l t ' r~1"~f?'
...
",t!'
,) r
. ,
~ .0f};.'::"7~7~~
,
.. J'J.n'5J
.1~.1""o/."~~r~/.'1""",
.~/'
~r~.~
(q
?i'r.:'/.('r~r~f1r~1'''';,,.?, 1:-(V!Jf~dJ1r
r, ,;9r;A'.f(rl)ciJ(lr('7~~f.l}.:I":"~('??,(tt''1f'
)"'''))'~
~ ~~"rr I!}!r-;:Jcrl(('J
fJ _
. J';?if'/~';'
:"
.- y . .
./ ;"
7 , 'i7 '
~.
(~!!x) .!'I'=J.,.ffA ,!.!"'.;.*;fT)/',f"',i)"";'i'I' ~,t)(r",fl.r7-'7~
'A.;I
........ ".~
;~/7~?"
"
",.
,r-;
1..
~ f!=':'/)<!,'(~(v:r'i'.'~(~r;:J(J~I('r.;/~'':.':-:'l/.'ll''='
(X)
LII
.nrr1V:Q -/!!:,-;.~})nr,..rrp~''~i{r
mlaNVN J.V HJ.v:;ra S,HDN1S aNIIIOD nanD
118
APPENDIX XIX
(Sd.) V. A. Kanole,
Hony Secretary,
Godateer Itihas Samshodhak MandaI,
Nanded, Maharashtra
119
APPENDIX XX (a)
q ' '~FfuOlg'
ltf~tffi
OcJT'O
j:J'Tfu~,
(')iB3 (H<JT01F.rco)
~R
em ~S
or13T1iT fouT ~,
for~T ~ for f~ ft!or
ft!f3U TROi RB rt!l ~ for Ffl Olg' -mr~B' fl:fw 111 H<Jrortr 0iB3 f~
ci30i ljB'll.fBHl 00 1765 f~CrHl #31 #3 RH~, ~3 (tJor
~ #31 ~31 'RHT~ :3~ trf<:rw cf30i BB'l wr RH3 1756 f~oroHl
Ffl Ol~ ora~ RrfuS 111 Olf'OltfTt!l ~T f3501 W ~ ltfrtR1 ~t Ol~
f(')1jf3' or8r >;f3 Bu or'Ol Olf'Owt!l B'1 531 ~ RB'T 5t!1 l:f3H
oro fB'31 I
RUl/- 11forB''O fBur, ~ ~B'ro
RUl/- 'iiOl'3 fR"w or&~l
RUl/- for~To1 Hili'l fi:fw, H13 truB'lo Rdt/- ~ fFfuJ, t;!1.ITW
Ru1/- R~l B'Rro fRW, ~~ ~1
R<ft/- ~;:lor fl:fw, Secretary,
Gurudwara Board, Nanded
APPENDIX XX (b)
q ' ~TfuOlg
3:cr3 ~
f[t
111011 :G3U
II
oTB3 (H<JTOTHC'O)
27110
= 1971 ~ >m:rWcl cfem~ timoR' R51 B \.for
BT'O orrmr BTo ~ ~co ?i5~ f~ f~ ~ ~ ~ "5f~T ~
for ~ RB ~ ~1 ~t!1 fRl:f ft!H 015 llo f~ OUr Ol:fB'T ~
k
J20
-;:;:.
-eTR
RUl/-
~;10l
a~, oi~
121
APPENDIX XXI
October 9, 1968.
J22
APPENDIX XXII
Died,
5.
6.
CHRONOLOGY
1666 December 22 - (PohSudi 7, 1723 Bk.) - Guru Gobind
Singh born at Patna.
1699 March 30 -- (Baisakhi day) - Guru Gobind Singh instituted the, Amrit ceremony and created the Khalsa.
1706 October - Guru Gobind Singh set out for the Deccan to
see Emperor Aurangzeb.
1707 June 8 - Guru Gobind Singh helped Bahadur Shah in
the battle of Jajau.
July 23 - Emperor Bahadur Shah received Guru Gobind
Singh in a public darbar at Agra.
October 2 - Guru Gobind Singh wrote to the Sangat of
Dhaul, referring to his reception by the Emperor and
to his intention to return to the Panjab.
1708 August - Guru Gobind Singh arrived at Nanded in the
last week.
September 3 - Guru Gobind Singh visited the hermitage of Madho Das on the solar-eclipse day, and later
converted him to his faith as Banda Singh.
October 6-7 - (Katik Sud! 5, 1765 Bk.)Guru Gobind Singh died (at night) and cremated at
Nanded:.
7-(Morning) Bahadur Shah crossed the Godavri to
quell the rebellion of his brother Kam Bakhsh.
28-Emperor ordered the grant of a khilat to the son
of Jamshed Khan.
30-Emperor otdered the grant of a mourning khilat to
Ajit Singh, the adopted son of Mata Sundri,
recorded as the son of the late Guru Gobind Singh.
October 7-30 - Nath Mall's Amar Nama composed
within three weeks of the GurU's death.
November 11 - Emperor Bahadur Shah ordered his
officials not to interfere with the property of the late
Guru Gobind Singh.
124
125
126
127
128
BIBLIOGRAPHY
ElofGLlSH
130
131
132
INDEX
72.
-no relation ",ith Ajapal Singh,
54.60, 72, 78
Bala Rao, 31,32
Banda Singh Bahadur, 22, 30, 48,
74
Baramula, 70, 108
Bhadhra Nagar, 100
Bhagwan Das. Mahant, 109
Bhaini Sahib, 56,57,62
Bhatinda, 11
Bhujang Singh, 119, 120
Bidar, 37. 39
Birat, 37, 39
Bir Singh Ball, See Vir Singh Ball
Bishan Das, Bhagat, 59, 104, 108112
Bowering, Lewis B., 48
Browne, lames,44.
Call (?), 30
Campbellpore, See Kaimalpur
Chak Guru, 21
Chenab,58
Chhajjal-wadi,63
Chhoi, 110
Chamkaur, 10, 11
Chanda Singh, 45
Chatarman, Rai, 20, 42
134
INDEX.
135
~uhd. Latif,Syed. 48,49
M!Jhd. Muazzam, Prin ce. 12
Muhd. Qasim La_h.auri. 42. liS
Muktsar, 11
Munim Khan, IlS
Nabha 49, 53, ~7, .63, 65, 69, 70,
7.5. 77,78,98-10\
Nabi Khan, 11
Nadshur (Nan(h~d), 47
Nanak, GlJru, 9. 19. 22, 26. 34,
36. 39, 42 ~ 44.47.48, SO. g64,
81,84,87-89.98,100.102.106.
107. 112. U4
Nanded, 9. 12, 14, 18-24, 28 30.
34, 36, 40,. 42, 44,48, 50,51,
60, 63. 6~, 71. 7~. 81. 89.90,
97. 98, 1)8-120
Nand Lal. Bhai, 14.23.36,69. 79
Nangal Wagda, 72
Narain Das. Bhagat, IQ9. ,110
Narain Singh. 57. 66
Narotam Singh. 58, 59, 108. 112.
114
Nath Mall. 13. 21~ 62
Neo-Guruship untenabl~. 66-69
Nidhan Singh Alam. 62. 63.67.
72
Partap Singh.. Saba, 62,63.
108-111
Patiala. 25. 52.66.71.79, 81.83.
88.100
Patna.9
Peshawar, 37,39,55, 103, 104
Polier, Antoine H . 34
Poorbo, Bibi. 55,104
Poona,32
Prahlad Singh, Bhai, 15, 102
Qutb-ud-Din Bakhtiar Kaki. 74
Rabbon,52
Raikot,53
Ram Chand, Bhagat. 107
Ram Das (Budha), 26, 81, 84
136