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1.

EST Exam - Problems

An AM transmitter is modulated by two

sine waves at 1 kHz and 2.5 kHz, with
modulations of 25% and 50%,
respectively. What is the effective
modulation index?

A.
B.
C.
D.
9.

A.
B.
C.
D.
2.

An FM transmitter has a carrier

frequency of 220 MHz. Its modulation
index is 3 with a modulating frequency
of 5 kHz. The total power output is 100
W into a 50 load. What is the
deviation?
A.
B.
C.
D.

3.

164 dB
41 dB
20.5 dB
82 dB *

An AM transmitter supplies 10 kW of
carrier power to a 50 load. It operates
at a carrier frequency of 1.2 MHz and is
80% modulated by a 3 kHz sine wave.
Calculate the total average power in the
signal, in watts and dBW.
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.

620 kHz
1530 kHz *
1075 kHz
1350 kHz

An AM broadcast receiver has two

identical tuned circuits prior to the IF
stage. The Q of these circuits is 60 and
the IF frequency is 455 kHz and the
receiver is tuned to a station at 680 kHz.
Calculate the amount of image
frequency rejection.
A.
B.
C.
D.

7.

12 dB *
6 dB
24 dB
3 dB

Determine the image frequency for a

standard broadcast band receiver using
a 455-kHz IF and tuned to a station at
620 kHz.
A.
B.
C.
D.

6.

1.5 kW
500 W *
250 W
1000 W

A frequency-modulation system requires

a signal-to-noise ratio of 40 dB at the
detector output. The modulating
frequency is 2 kHz, and the deviation is
50 kHz. Calculate the required minimum
S/N at the detector output.
A.
B.
C.
D.

5.

20 kHz
15 kHz *
30 kHz
40 kHz

Determine the maximum sideband

power if the carrier output is 1 kW.
A.
B.
C.
D.

4.

0.56 *
0.65
0.43
0.83

12.3 kW
13.2 kW
10.2 kW
23.1 kW

(40.9 dBW)
(41.2 dBW) *
(40.09 dBW)
(43.64 dBW)

An FM broadcast-band receiver tunes

from 88 to 108 MHz. The IF is 10.7
MHz, and the receiver uses high-side
injection. Calculate the range of local
oscillator frequencies.

97.8 MHz to 117.8

89.7 MHz to 118.7
98.7 MHz to 118.7
98.7 MHz to 117.8

MHz
MHz
MHz *
MHz

A 1.4-MHz carrier is modulated by a

music signal that has frequency
components from 20 Hz to 15 kHz.
Determine the range of frequencies
generated for the upper sideband?
A.
B.
C.
D.

1,400,020 Hz 1,415,000 Hz *
1,385,000 Hz 1,399,980 Hz
1,400,200 Hz 1,415,020 Hz
1,385,000 Hz 1,415,000 Hz

10. A 500-W carrier is to be modulated to a

90% level. Determine the total
transmitted power.
A.
B.
C.
D.

202.5 W
405 W
702.5 W *
1.5 kW

11. CB radio was developed using fullcarrier DSB AM. It operates using 40
channels, each 10 kHz wide. hen
SSBSC is used, the same carrier
frequencies are used as with
conventional AM, but the transceivers
are switchable to either lower or upper
sideband. How many channels are
available when SSB is used?
A.
B.
C.
D.

90
70
80 *
100

12. The antenna current of an AM

transmitter is 12A when unmodulated
but increases to 13 A when modulated.
Calculate %m.
A.
B.
C.
D.

59
34
95
43

% *
%
%
%

13. An intelligence signal is amplified by a

70% efficient amplifier before being
combined with a 10-kW carrier to
generate the AM signal. If it is desired to
operate at 100% modulation, what is the
dc input power to the final intelligence
amplifier?
A.
B.
C.
D.

14.28 kW
5 kW
3.57 kW
7.14 kW *

14. A transmitter with a 10-kW carrier

transmits 11.2 kW when modulated with
a single sine wave. Calculate the
modulation index.
A.
B.
C.
D.

0.49 *
0.94
0.7
0.25

15. A transistor has a power dissipation

rating of 25W. Assume that the
transistor is the only element that
dissipates power in the circuit. Calculate
the power an amplifier using this
transistor could deliver to the load if it
operates Class A with an efficiency of
30%.

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A.
B.
C.
D.

100 W
70.1 W
10.7 W *
15.1 W

16. An AM signal has a carrier frequency of

3 MHz and an amplitude of 5 V peak. It
is modulated by a sine wave with a
frequency of 500 Hz and a peak voltage
of 2 V. Write the equation of this signal
and calculate the modulation index.
A.
B.
C.
D.

v(t) = [3+3sin(3.14t)]sin (188t);

m = 0.4
v(t) = [5+2sin(3.14x103 t)]sin
(18.8x106 t); m = 0.4 *
v(t) = [10+3sin(3.14t)]sin (18t);
m = 0.6
v(t) = [2+5sin(3.14t)]sin (1.5t);
m = 0.3

17. The audio frequency response of an AM

transmitter, measured from microphone
input to the secondary of the modulation
transformer, is 3 dB down at 3 kHz from
its level at 1 kHz. If a 1 kHz signal
modulates the transmitter to 90%, what
will be the modulation percentage due to
a 3 kHz signal with the same level at the
input?
A.
B.
C.
D.

63.7% *
67.3%
73.6%
75.1%

18. An AM transmitter operates into a 50-

resistive load. The RMS voltage
measured at the output is 250V without
modulation and 300 V with modulation,
using a true-RMS reading meter. Find
the power with modulation.
A.
B.
C.
D.

2 kW
1.8 kW *
2.5 kW
0.5 kW

19. An AM transmitter uses high-level

modulation. The RF power amplifier
runs from a 12-volt source, putting out a
carrier power of 75 W at an efficiency of
75%. How much power must be
provided by the modulating amplifier for
100% modulation?
A.
B.
C.
D.

100 W
20 W
50 W *
75 W

20. An AM transmitter uses high-level

modulation. The RF power amplifier
draws 10 amperes from a 20-V supply,
putting out a carrier power of 125 W.
What is the efficiency of this stage?
A.
B.
C.
D.

65.2 %
100 %
62.5 % *
75.8 %

21. A receiver has a sensitivity of 0.3 V.

The same receiver can handle a signal
level of 75 mV without overloading.
What is its AGC range in decibel?
A.
B.
C.
D.

100 dB
108 dB *
98 dB
118 dB

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EST Exam - Problems

22. A receiver uses low-side injection for the

local oscillator, with an IF of 1750 kHz.
The local oscillator is operating at
15.750 MHz. What is the image
frequency?
A.
B.
C.
D.

A.
B.
C.
D.

15 MHz
17.5 MHz
14 MHz *
28 MHz

23. A receivers IF filter has a shape factor

of 2.5 and a bandwidth of 6 kHz at the 6
dB down point. What is its bandwidth at
60 dB down?
A.
B.
C.
D.

1000 Hz, 1700

1000 Hz, 2000
2000 Hz, 2700
2000 Hz, 1700

A.
B.
C.
D.

Hz *
Hz
Hz
Hz

25. A 10 MHz crystal oscillator in a PLL

frequency synthesizer has been
calibrated to a reference standard
known to be accurate to 5 ppm. The
oscillator is guaranteed to drift no more
than 10 ppm per month. A year later,
what are the maximum and minimum
frequencies that the oscillator could be
producing?
A.
B.
C.
D.

10.00125 MHz, 9.99875 MHz *

10.125 MHz, 9.8875 MHz
15.00145 MHz, 10.1257 MHz
20.0153 MHz, 75.265 MHz

26. In an FM system, when the audio

frequency (AF) is 500 Hz and the AF
voltage is 2.4 V, the deviation is 4.8
kHz. If the AF voltage is now increased
to 7.2 V, what is the new deviation?
A.
B.
C.
D.

9.16 kHz
7.2 kHz
14.4 kHz *
20 kHz

27. Determine the permissible range in

maximum modulation index for
commercial FM that has 30 Hz to 15
kHz modulation frequencies.
A.
B.
C.
D.

5 to 75
5 to 15
5 to 2500 *
5 to 1500

28. Determine the relative total power of the

carrier and side frequencies when mf =
0.25 for a 10-kW FM transmitter.
A.
B.
C.
D.

5 kW
10 kW *
4.5 kW
9 kW

34.5 kW
69 kW
17.25 kW
15.5 kW *

30. A transmitter power amplifier has a gain

of 30 dB and an efficiency of 75%. Its
output power is 100 W. What will be the
output power with 100% modulation,
assuming the efficiency is the same with
and without modulation?

30 kHz
25 kHz
15 kHz *
20 kHz

24. An SSBSC signal has a suppressed

carrier frequency, in the IF a receiver, of
2 MHz. It is modulated with two audio
tones having frequencies of 1500 and
2200 Hz. The receiver is mistuned so
that the BFO is at 1.9995 MHz. What
will be the output frequencies of the
demodulator if the signal is LSB?
A.
B.
C.
D.

29. An AM broadcast station operates at its

maximum allowed total output of 50 kW
and at 95% modulation. How much of its
transmitted power is intelligence?

31.

133 W
100 W
150 W *
250 W

An SSB transmitter transmits on the

USB with a (suppressed) carrier
frequency of 7.2 MHz. It is modulated
by two tones, with frequencies of 1 kHz
and 2.5 kHz and equal amplitude. The
transmitter PEP is 75 W into a 50
load. The carrier and unwanted
sideband are each suppressed by 60
dB. Calculate the average power into
the load?
A.
B.
C.
D.

75.3 W
37.5 W *
375 W
53.7 W

32. A superheterodyne receiver is tuned to

a frequency of 5 MHz when the local
oscillator frequency is 6.65 MHz. What
is the IF?
A.
B.
C.
D.

1.65 MHz *
2.75 MHz
455 kHz
10.7 MHz

33. If the carrier of the above problem is

simultaneously modulated with another
sine wave at 50% modulation, calculate
the total transmitted power.
A.
B.
C.
D.

12.45 kW *
9.33 kW
6.22 kW
8.21 kW

34. A TRF receiver is to be designed with a

single tuned circuit using a 10-H
inductor. Calculate the capacitance
range of the variable capacitor required
to tune from 550 to 1550 kHz.
A.
B.
C.
D.

1.06 nF 8.37 nF *
1.06 mF 8.37 F
1.06 F 8.37 nF
1.06 nF 8.37 pF

35. The tuned circuit of the oscillator in a

simple AM transmitter employs a 50-H
coil and a 1-nF capacitor. If the oscillator
output is modulated by audio
frequencies up to 10 kHz, what is the
frequency range occupied by the
sidebands?
A.
B.
C.
D.

722 to 732 kHz

702 to 712 kHz
702 to 722 kHz *
712 to 722 kHz

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36. The power of an amplifier of an AM

transmitter has an output carrier power
of 25 W and an efficiency of 70% and is
collector-modulated. How audio power
will have to be supplied to this stage for
100% modulation?
A.
B.
C.
D.

19.7 W
17.9 W *
17.78 W
19.77 W

37. A transistor RF power amplifier

operating class C is designed to
produce 30 W output with a supply
voltage of 50 V. If the efficiency of the
stage is 70%, what is the average
collector current?
A.
B.
C.
D.

785 mA
587 mA
857 mA *
857 A

38. A transmitter uses twelve modules in its

solid-state output stage. Calculate the
power reduction (in decibels) that would
occur if one module fails.
A.
B.
C.
D.

0.48 dB
0.84 dB
0.38 dB *
0.83 dB

39. A 400-W carrier is modulated to a depth

of 75 percent. Calculate the total power
in the modulated wave.
A.
B.
C.
D.

512.5 W *
712.5 W
256.25 W
128.125 W

40. A broadcast radio transmitter radiates

10 kW when the modulation percentage
is 60. How much of this is carrier
power?
A.
B.
C.
D.

8.47 kW *
8.74 kW
7.47 kW
4.78 kW

41. The antenna current of an AM

transmitter is 8 A when only the carrier
is sent, but it increases to 8.93 A when
the carrier is modulated by a single sine
wave. Find the percentage modulation.
A.
B.
C.
D.

64 %
80 %
70.1 % *
51.2 %

42. A certain transmitter radiates 9 kW with

the carrier unmodulated, and 10.125 kW
when the carrier is sinusoidally
modulated. Calculate the modulation
index.
A.
B.
C.
D.

0.95
0.5 *
0.64
0.35

43. If another sine wave, corresponding to

40 percent modulation, is transmitted
simultaneously, determine the total
radiated power of the above problem.

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A.
B.
C.
D.

108.4 kW
108.4 W
1084 W
10.84 kW *

44. The antenna current of an AM broadcast

transmitter, modulated to a depth of
40% by an audio sine wave, is 11 A. It
increases to 12 A as a result of
simultaneous modulation by another
audio sine wave. What is the modulation
index due to this second sine wave?
A.
B.
C.
D.

EST Exam - Problems

A.
B.
C.
D.

64
30
45
54

dB
dB
dB
dB *

< < < Nothing Follows > > >

0.643 *
0.4
0.413
0.757

45. Calculate the percentage power saving

when the carrier and one of the
sidebands are suppressed in an AM
wave modulated to a depth of 100
percent.
A.
B.
C.
D.

33.3 %
66.7 %
100 %
83.3 % *

46. Determine the worst-case output S/N for

a broadcast FM program that has a
maximum intelligence frequency of 5
kHz. The input S/N is 2.
A.
B.
C.
D.

30 *
60
15
45

47. An AM transmitter has a carrier power of

50 W at a carrier frequency of 12 MHz.
It is modulated at 80% by a 1 kHz sine
wave. How much power is contained in
the sidebands?
A.
B.
C.
D.

16 W *
10 W
8W
25 W

48. A receiver has two uncoupled tuned

circuits before the mixer, each with a Q
of 75. The signal frequency is 100.1
MHz, and the IF is 10.7 MHz. The local
oscillator uses high-side injection.
Calculate the image rejection ratio in
decibels.
A.
B.
C.
D.

56.8 dB
58.6 dB *
65.8 dB
68.5 dB

49. A double-tuned IF transformer has k =

1.5kc. The primary Q is 50 and the
secondary Q is 40. Calculate the
bandwidth of the transformer at a
frequency of 10.7 MHz.
A.
B.
C.
D.

953 kHz
593 kHz
359 kHz *
935 kHz

50. When measuring the selectivity of a

receiver, you discover that a signal level
of 500 microvolts on an adjacent
channel is required to give the same
output as a 1 microvolt signal on the
channel to which the receiver is tuned.
What is the adjacent channel selectivity
in dB?

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