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MOISTURE CONTENT - WATER ABSORPTION - FROST SUSCEPTIBILITY

The amount of water that an aggregate can absorb tends to be an excellent indicator as to the strength of the
aggregate, or should I say weakness.
Strong aggregates will have a very low absorption figure, i.e. below 1%.
Above 4% absorption you need to perform further tests on the aggregate to determine its' acceptability, it may be
frost susceptible.

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Above 4% absorption you need to perform further tests on the aggregate to determine its' acceptability, it may be
frost susceptible.
A test for water / moisture absorption is described in,
BS EN 1097-6 : 2000 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates : Part 6 : Determination of particle
density and water absorption
An aggregate with a high moisture absorption is not likely to be an acceptable road building material, e.g. soft oolitic
limestones.
Aggregate that has a honeycombed structure and can ''hold'' water rather than absorb it need not have a high
moisture absorption in the actual solid part of the aggregate, e.g. some slags and good quality furnace bottom ash.
These materials themselves will not be subject to frost action providing the road pavements in which they are used
are well drained.

BRITISH STANDARDS, FORMERLY, AND MAY STILL BE, RELEVANT TO AGGREGATE

PROPERTIES
(refer to the Specification for Highway Works or other contract document for guidance)
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 2 : Methods for the determination of particle density and water absorption
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 101 : Guide to sampling and testing aggregates
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 102 : Methods of sampling
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 103 : Methods for determination of particle size distribution : Part 103.2 : Sedimentation test
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 105 : Methods for determination of particle shape
Part 105.1 : Flakiness index : Part 105.2 : Elongation index of coarse aggregate
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 109 : Methods for determination of moisture content
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 110 : Methods for determination of aggregate crushing value (ACV)
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 111 : Methods for determination of ten percent fines value (TFV)
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 112 : Methods for determination of aggregate impact value (AIV)
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 113 : Methods for determination of aggregate abrasion value
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 114 : Method for determination of polished stone value (PSV)
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 118 : Method for the determination of sulphate content
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 121 : Method for determination of aggregate soundness
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 123 : 1999 : Method for determination of alkali-silica reactivity - Concrete prism method
BS 812 : Testing aggregates :
Part 124 : Method for determination of frost heave

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y

BS 812 : Testing aggregates :

Part 124 : Method for determination of frost heave

BS EN STANDARDS, RELEVANT TO AGGREGATE PROPERTIES

BS EN 932-1 : Tests for general properties of aggregate :
Part 1 : Methods for sampling

BS EN 932-2 : Tests for general properties of aggregates :

Part 2 : Methods for reducing laboratory samples

BS EN 932-3 : Tests for general properties of aggregates :

Part 3 : Procedure and terminology for simplified petrographic description

BS EN 932-5 : 2000 : Tests for general properties of aggregates :

Part 5 : Common equipment and calibration

BS EN 933-1 : 1997 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates :

Part 1:Determination of particle size distribution - Sieving method

BS EN 933-3 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates

Part 3 : Determination of particle shape - Flakiness index

BS EN 933-4 : 2000 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates :

Part 4 : Determination of particle shape - Shape index

BS EN 933-5 : 1998 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates :

Part 5 : Determination of percentage of crushed and broken surfaces in coarse aggregate particles

BS EN 933-6 : 2001 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates :

Part 6 : Assessment of surface characteristics - Flow coefficient of aggregates

BS EN 933-7 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates :

Part 7 : Determination of shell content - Percentage of shells in coarse aggregate

BS EN 933-10 : 2001 : Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates :

Part 10 : Assessment of fines - Grading of fillers (air jet sieving)

BS EN 1097-1 : 1998 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part1 : Determination of the resistance to wear (micro-Deval)

BS EN 1097-2 : 1998 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part 2 : Methods for the determination of resistance to fragmentation

BS EN 1097-3 : 1998 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part 3 : Determination of loose bulk density and voids

BS EN 1097-4 : 1999 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

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BS EN 1097-4 : 1999 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part 4 : Determination of the voids of dry compacted filler

BS EN 1097-6 : 2000 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part 6 : Determination of particle density and water absorption

BS EN 1097-9 : 1998 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part 9 : Determination of the resistance to wear by abrasion from studded tyres - Nordic test

BS EN 1097-10 : 2002 : Tests for mechanical and physical properties of aggregates :

Part 10 : Determination of water suction height

BS EN 1367-2 : 2009 - Tests for thermal and weathering properties of aggregates

Part 2 : Magnesium sulfate test

BS EN 12620 : 2002 + A1 : 2008 - Aggregates for Concrete

BS EN 12620 specifies the properties of aggregates and filler aggregates obtained by processing natural,
manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for use in concrete. It covers aggregates having
an oven dried particle density greater than 2,00 Mg/m3 (2 000 kg/m3) for all concrete, including concrete in conformity
with BS EN 206-1 and concrete used in roads and other pavements and for use in precast concrete products.
BS EN 12620 also covers recycled aggregate with densities between 1,50 Mg/m3 (1 500 kg/m3) and 2,00 Mg/m3 (2 000
kg/m3) with appropriate caveats and recycled fine aggregate (4 mm) with appropriate caveats.
BS EN 12620 specifies that a quality control system is in place for use in factory production control and it provides for
the evaluation of conformity of the products to this European Standard.
This standard does not cover filler aggregates to be used as a constituent in cement or as other than inert filler
aggregates for concrete.
( I acknowledge that this summary is copyright of BSI. )

BS EN 13043 : 2002 : Aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields and other
trafficked areas
This standard supersedes BS 63, Parts 1 & 2, which will be withdrawn in June 2004.
This standard specifies the properties of aggregates and filler aggregates obtained by processing natural or
manufactured or recycled materials for use in bituminous mixtures and surface treatments for roads, airfields and
other trafficked areas.
This standard does not cover the use of reclaimed bituminous mixtures.
EN 13043 : 2002 is included in a package of new European Standards being prepared that relate to aggregates.
The existing British Standards for aggregates will be retained until the complete package of European Standards
becomes available.

BS EN 13055-1 : 2002 (E): Lightweight aggregates :

Part 1 - Lightweight aggregates for concrete, mortar and grout
This standard specifies the properties of lightweight aggregates and lightweight filler aggregates obtained by
processing natural, manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for use in concrete, mortar
and grout in buildings, roads and civil engineering works.
This standard covers lightweight aggregates of mineral origin having particle densities not exceeding 2000kgs/cube
metre or loose bulk densities not exceeding 1200kgs/cube metre
BS EN 13055-2 : 2004 - Lightweight aggregates - Part 2 : Lightweight aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface
treatments and for unbound and bound applications
This standard specifies the properties of lightweight aggregates and fillers derived thereof obtained by processing

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treatments and for unbound and bound applications

This standard specifies the properties of lightweight aggregates and fillers derived thereof obtained by processing
natural, manufactured or recycled materials and mixtures of these aggregates for bituminous mixtures and surface
treatments and for unbound and hydraulically bound applications other than concrete, mortar and grout.
This standard covers lightweight aggregates of mineral origin having particle densities not exceeding 2000kg/cubic
metre or loose bulk densities not exceeding 1200kg/cubic metre.

BS EN 13242 : 2002 : Aggregates for unbound and hydraulically bound materials for use in civil engineering work and
road construction
This standard specifies the properties of aggregates obtained by processing natural or manufactured or recycled
materials for hydraulically bound and unbound materials for civil engineering work and road construction.
It is noted that the requirements in this standard are based upon experience with aggregate types with an established
pattern of use.
Care should be taken when considering the use of aggregates with no such pattern of use, e.g., recycled aggregates
and aggregates arising from certain industrial by-products.

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