Course No: EEE 434

Group No.: 03

No. of the Experiment: 08

Name of the Experiment:

STUDY OF MICROWAVE PROPAGATION USING HORN ANTENNA

Date of Performance: 25.09.2011

Date of Submission:

22.10.2011
Name: Md. Obaidul Hossen
Student No.: 0706077

1) A Two Dimensional Sketch of the Horn used in the Experiment:

1 cm

6.5 cm

6.17 cm
a) Side View

8.8 cm

2.3 cm
1 cm
6.5 cm

a) Front View

2) Radiation Pattern Using SABOR:

Phi=0

Directivity = 17 dB
Beamwidth -3 dB = 25.84o

Phi=90o

Directivity = 17 dB
Beamwidth -3 dB = 23.73o

3) Defining Phi=0 and Phi=90 Planes and Variation of the Patterns Obtained in these
Planes for a Rectangular Horn:

Spherical Coordinate System

In spherical coordinate system, a point is defined by three ordinates (r,,). r is the
distance of a point from the origin. (theta) is defined as the angle between the positive
z-axis and the vector r. (Phi) is defined as the angle that is made by the projection of the
vector r on xy-plane with the positive x-axis. There are a lot of planes for different values of
Phi. The planes are assumed to be in vertical position. =0 plane is the xz-plane defined by
the cartesian coordinate system. Similarly, =90 plane is the yz-plane defined by the
cartesian coordinate system.
According to the simulation results the directivity of the electric fields in both planes are
same. But in case of -3 dB Beamwidth and overall other natures, the radiation patterns are
slightly different.
The dimensions of the horn are not same in the x and y axis of the system. Due to this
dimensional mismatch, there are different patterns in different Phi-planes. So because of the
reason described above, Phi=0 plane anad Phi=90 plane have two different patterns.

4) Using the Dimensions of the Experiment simulating the Rectangular Horn and
Visualizing the Three Dimensional Radiation Pattern:

Two Dimensional Pattern Cuts at Phi=0o Degree Plane (Red Line) and Phi=90o Degree
Plane (Blue Line):

-3 dB Beamwidth is 22.94o and 22.54o respectively.

5) Comparison between the experimental data and simulated data:

Angle in degrees
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
12.5
15
17.5
20
22.5
25
27.5
30

Current (as well as power)

18
17
15
13
11
9
8
7
5
4
3
.5
0

dB
0
-.2482
-.7918
-1.4133
-2.1388
-3.0103
-3.5218
-4.1017
-5.5630
-6.5321
-7.7815
-15.5630
infinite

2-D Pattern cut at Phi=0o from practical data:

Experimental Radiation Pattern
0

-2

-4

measurement in dB

-6

-8

-10

-12

-14

-16

10

15
Theta in Degrees

20

25

30

Using Linear Interpolation -3 dB Beamwidth is 24.94o

The experimental data is almost in good agreement with the simulated data. There were some
practical limitations due to which the data practically deviated slightly from the simulated data.
-3 dB point of the practical data is 2o greater than the simulated data.

6) Radiation Pattern of a Conical Horn Antenna using MATLAB:

Here, a=4.4 cm and L=6.17 cm.

MATLAB Code:
close all;
clear all;
clc;
% Initial Entries
f=10^10;
c=3*10^10;
lemda=c/f;
k=2*pi/lemda;
a=8.8/2;
L=6.17;
r=10000;
% Defining Theta
theta= -90:1:90;
% Defining Angular Coordinate
w=k*sin((2*pi*(theta))/360);
p11=1.841184;
Eo=1;
% Calculation of Electric Field at Phi=0 Plane
for j=1:length(w)
E_phi0(j)=1i*.5*Eo*k*a^2*exp(-1i*k*r)*(1/r)*(Gm(p11,0,a,w(j),k,L)-Gm(p11,2,a,w(j),k,L));

end
E_phi0=E_phi0/max(abs(E_phi0));
% Calculation of Electric Field at Phi=0 Plane
for j=1:length(w)
E_phi90(j)=-1i*.5*Eo*k*a^2*exp(-1i*k*r)*(1/r)*(Gm(p11,0,a,w(j),k,L)Gm(p11,2,a,w(j),k,L))*cos(2*pi*(theta(j))/360);
end
E_phi90=E_phi90/max(abs(E_phi90));
figure(1)
plot(theta,20*log10(abs(E_phi0)));
xlabel('Theta in Degree');
ylabel('Magnitude of Electric Field at Phi=0');
grid on
figure(2)
plot(theta,20*log10(abs(E_phi90)));
ylim([-50 0]);
xlabel('Theta in Degree');
ylabel('Magnitude of Electric Field at Phi=90');
grid on

function G=Gm(p11,m,a,w,k,L)
Pp=0:a/200:a;
j1=besselj(m,p11*Pp/a);
j2=besselj(m,w*Pp);
Int=j1.*j2.*exp(-1i*k*(Pp.^2)/(2*L)).*Pp;
% Numerical Integration
G=trapz(Pp,Int)/a^2;

Radiation Pattern in Phi=0o Plane

0

Magnitude of Electric Field at Phi=0

-2
-4
-6
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-100

-80

-60

-40

-20
0
20
Theta in Degree

40

60

80

100

Radiation Pattern in Phi=90o Plane

Magnitude of Electric Field at Phi=90

-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
-45
-50
-100

-80

-60

-40

-20
0
20
Theta in Degree

40

60

80

100