ISSN 2319-8885

Vol.04,Issue.02
January-2015,
Pages:0270-0275
www.ijsetr.com

Improved Power Quality for Renewable Power Generation Systems

Presence of Non-Linear Loads
A. NAGENDRA BABU1, M. RAMA MOHAN RAO2
1

PG Scholar, Dept of EEE, Sri Mittapalli College of Engineering, Guntur, AP, India, E-mail: nagendra227@gmail.com.
Assistant Professor, Dept of EEE, Sri Mittapalli College of Engineering, Guntur, AP, India, E-mail: mohaneee6@gmail.com.

Abstract: The performance analysis of four-leg voltage-source inverter using a Fuzzy logic control scheme is presented. The
use of a four-leg voltage-source inverter allows the reduction of current harmonic components, as well as unbalanced and
Negative sequence currents generated by single-phase nonlinear loads. A comparison of the proposed method against the
conventional proportional integral is illustrated with inverter topologies through simulation results and a clear advantage of the
fuzzy logic control can be observed.
Keywords: Active Power Filter, Current Control, Predictive Control, Four-Leg Converters, Fuzzy Controller.
I. INTRODUCTION
DGs affects power quality due to its nonlinearity. The
non-uniform nature of power generation directly affects
voltage regulation and creates voltage distortion in power
systems. This new scenario in power distribution systems
will require more sophisticated compensation techniques.
Although active power filters implemented with three-phase
four-leg voltage-source inverters (4L-VSI) have already
been presented in technical literature. The primary
contribution of this paper is Fuzzy logic controller designed
and implemented specifically for this application.
Traditionally, active power filters have been controlled
using a predictive control technique, such as fuzzy logic or
adaptive, for the current as well as for the dc-voltage loops.
Fuzzy controllers use the non-linear model, which is closer
to real operating conditions compare to predictive control.
An accurate model obtained using fuzzy controller improves
the performance of the active power filter, especially during
transient operating conditions, because it can quickly follow
the current-reference signal while maintaining a constant dcvoltage. The mathematical model of the 4L-VSI and the
principles of operation of the proposed predictive control
scheme, including the design procedure. The complete
description of the selected current reference generator
implemented in the active power filter is also presented.
II. FOUR-LEG CONVERTER MODEL
Both types of power generation use AC/AC and DC/AC
static PWM converters for voltage conversion and battery
banks for long-term energy Storage. These converters per
form maximum power point tracking to extract the
maximum energy possible from wind and sun. The electrical
energy consumption behavior is random and unpredictable,
and therefore, it may be single- or three-phase, balanced or
unbalanced, and linear or nonlinear. An active power filter

is connected in parallel at the point of common coupling to

compensate current harmonics, current unbalance, and
reactive power. It is composed by an electrolytic capacitor, a
four-leg PWM converter, and a first-order output ripple
filter, as shown in Fig.1. This circuit considers the power
system equivalent impedance Zs, the converter output ripple
filter impedance Zf, and the load impedance ZL.

Fig.1.Three-phase equivalent circuit of the proposed

shunt active power filter.
III. PREDICTIVE CURRENT CONTROL
The block diagram of the proposed digital predictive
current control scheme is shown in Fig.2. This control
scheme is basically an optimization algorithm and
therefore it has to be implemented in a microprocessor.
Consequently, the analysis has to be developed using
discrete mathematics in order to consider additional
restrictions such as time delays and approximations. The
main characteristic of predictive control is the use of the
system model to predict the future behaviour of the
variables to be controlled.
Current Reference Generator: This unit is designed to
generate the required current reference that is used to

Copyright @ 2015 IJSETR. All rights reserved.

A.NAGENDRA BABU, M.RAMA MOHAN RAO

compensate the undesirable load current components. In this
IV. CURRENT REFERENCE GENERATOR
case, the system voltages, the load currents and the dcA dq-based current reference generator scheme is used to
voltage converter are measured, while the neutral output
obtain the active power filter current reference signals as
current and neutral load current are generated directly from
shown in Fig.3. The scheme presents a fast and accurate
signal tracking capability. The dq-based scheme operates in
these signals (V).
a rotating reference frame; therefore, the measured currents
must be multiplied by the sin(wt) and cos(wt) signals. By
using dq-transformation, the d current component is
synchronized with the corresponding phase-to-neutral
system voltage and the q current component is phase-shifted
by 90. The sin(wt) and cos(wt) synchronized reference
signals are obtained from a Synchronous Reference Frame
(SRF) PLL. The SRF-PLL generates a pure sinusoidal
waveform even when the system voltage is severely
distorted. Tracking errors are eliminated, since SRF-PLLs
are designed to avoid phase voltage unbalancing, harmonics
and offset caused by the nonlinear load conditions and
measurement errors as shown in Fig.4.
Fig.2. Proposed Predictive Current Control Block
Diagram.
Prediction Model: The converter model is used to predict
the output converter current. Since the controller operates in
discrete time, both the controller and the system model must
be represented in a discrete time domain discrete time model
consists of a recursive matrix equation that represents this
prediction system. This means that for a given sampling
time Ts, knowing the converter switching states and control
variables at instant kTs, it is possible to predict the next
states at any instant [k + 1]Ts. Due to the first-order nature
of the state equations that describe the model in a
sufficiently accurate first-order approximation of the
derivative is considered in this paper

Fig.3. dq-based Current Reference Generator Block

Diagram.

(1)
The 16 possible output current predicted values can be
obtained.

(2)
in order to predict the output current io at the instant (k+1),
the input voltage value vo and the converter output voltage
vxN, are required. The algorithm calculates all 16 values
associated with the possible combinations that the state
variables can achieve.
Cost Function Optimization: In order to select the optimal
switching state that must be applied to the power converter,
the predicted values obtained for io[k + 1] are compared
with the reference using a cost Function.

(3)

Fig.4. Simulation modal for dq-based Current Reference

Generator.
V. CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC
METHOD
The stability of the DC voltage determines the stability of
the APF system. The regulation of the continuous voltage at
the boundaries of the capacitor being ensured by a regulator

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.04, IssueNo.02, January-2015, Pages: 0270-0275

Improved Power Quality for Renewable Power Generation Systems Presence of Non-Linear Loads
made up of a low-pass filter of time constant and
Fuzzy logic controllers have generated a great deal of
proportional regulator with Kc as a gain, which makes it
interest in certain applications as shown in Fig.5. The
possible to compensate losses in the inverter. In this section,
advantages of fuzzy logic controllers are: robustness, no
the obtained error e (Vc*- Vc) and change of error signal are
need to accurate mathematical model, can work with
used as inputs for the fuzzy processing or fuzzy controller.
imprecise inputs, and can handle non-linearity. Mamdani
Output of Fuzzy controller is reference current which is fed
Fuzzy system has been used in the fuzzy controller. The 49to PWM pulse generator. Figure shows a schematic block
rules used in this proposed controller are shown in the
diagram of fuzzy inference system or fuzzy controller.
below Table. Now we have to extend the above paper by
using the fuzzy rules and in the below I have detail wrote
the rules and we have to absorb the corresponding current
output waveforms and waveform for the THD calculation.
VI. RESULTS
The Grid Voltage, Grid Current, Load current and
inverter current.
Fig.5. Fuzzy Inference System.
TABLE I: Fuzzy rules

(a)

(b)

(c)
International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research
Volume.04, IssueNo.02, January-2015, Pages: 0270-0275

A.NAGENDRA BABU, M.RAMA MOHAN RAO

TABLE I: Specification Parameters

(d)
A. System Response for Fuzzy Controller

(e)

(a)

(b)
(f)
Fig.6. Simulated waveforms of the Predictive control
scheme. (a) Phase to neutral source voltage. (b) Load
Current. (c) Active power filter output current. (d) Load
neutral current. (e) System neutral current (f) THD
analysis of Is at predictive control method.
A Six pulse rectifier was selected as a non-linear load in
order to verify the effectiveness of the current harmonic
compensation as shown in Figs.6 and 7. A step load change
was applied to evaluate the stability of the dc-voltage.
Finally, an unbalanced load was used to validate the
performance of the neutral current compensation.

(c)

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.04, IssueNo.02, January-2015, Pages: 0270-0275

Improved Power Quality for Renewable Power Generation Systems Presence of Non-Linear Loads
VII. CONCLUSION
The harmonics caused by nonlinear loads result in low
power factor and losses in power systems. To minimize this
problem, shunt active power filters have been used. A fuzzy
controlled shunt active filter is presented in the paper. The
use of a Fuzzy logic controller proved to be an effective
solution for active power filter applications, improving
current tracking capability, and transient response.
Simulated results have proved that the proposed Fuzzy
control method is a good alternative to classical linear
control methods. Simulated results have shown the
compensation effectiveness of the proposed active power
(d)
filter.
VIII. REFERENCES
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Volume.04, IssueNo.02, January-2015, Pages: 0270-0275

A.NAGENDRA BABU, M.RAMA MOHAN RAO

[11] R. de Araujo Ribeiro, C. de Azevedo, and R. de Sousa,
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Authors Profile:
A.Nagendra Babu is a Student of Sri
Mittapalli College of Engineering,
Guntur in AP. Currently he is pursuing
M.Tech in Power Electronics and
Electrical Drives from S.M.C.E. HIS
special fields of interest are Multi level
inverters
and
power
system,
applications of power electronics,
Renewable Energy Resources.
M.RamaMohana Rao is presently
working as Assistant Professor in Sri
Mittapalli College of Engineering,
Guntur, AP, India. He Completed his
B-Tech(EEE) and M-tech Power
Electronics.
Area
of
Interests:
Switching converters and Power
Electronics.

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research

Volume.04, IssueNo.02, January-2015, Pages: 0270-0275